Design and Monitoring of Shellfish Restoration Projects

1. Design and Monitoring
of Shellfish Restoration
Projects
- Ie. Ignatius Eric Cahya Saputra –
- Jessica Gunawan -

2. Agenda
• Introduction
• 6 Steps of Harvard Business Strategy :
• Problem Issues
• Environmental Scanning
• Alternative Courses of Actions
• Key Success Factors
• Selection of Best Alternatives
• Recommendations

3. Introduction
- Jessica Gunawan -

4. Introduction
• Due to dramatic decline in shellfish fishery that
were once the main stay of many coastal
communities in U.S. bring a strong willing and
awareness from the society to restore the
environment well being

5. Problem Issues

6. Problem Issues
• Restore shellfish :
• Different people
• Different goals
• Commercial
• Environmental
• Impact of damaged ecology :
• Fishing mortality
• Habitat loss
• Recruitment limitation

7. Environmental
scanning
- Jessica Gunawan -

8. Environmental Scanning
• Implementation of 5 – S approach
• System,
• Stresses,
• Sources,
• Strategies,
• Success measure
• 4 discrete steps of systematic approach

9. Alternative courses of
Actions
- Ie. Ignatius Eric Cahya Saputra -

10. Alternative Course of Actions
Solutions Actions
Implementation of 5 – S approach • System, Stresses, and Sources
of stress to the system
• Strategies for abating stresses
• Success measure to determine
whether objective is achieved
4 discrete steps of systematic
approach
• Identifying priorities
• Developing site and multi – site
strategies
• Implementation
• Measuring the effect of
implementation

11. Key Success Factors
- Ie. Ignatius Eric Cahya Saputra -

12. Key Success Factor
Solutions Advantages
Implementation of 5 – S approach • Enable to identify the
connected factors or systems
that affect the system of
shellfish itself
4 discrete steps of systematic
approach
• Able to develop a strategy that
has been identified through
some from of regional scale
assessment
• To have a balance of
discussion that will focus on the
restoration strategy that
applicable for individual site or
multiple site.

13. Selection of best
alternatives
- Ie. Ignatius Eric Cahya Saputra -

14. Selection of Best Alternatives
• Implementation of 5 – S approach
• Source of stress :
• Fishing mortality
• Reducing fishing pressure (dredging and filling)
• To increase the # of adult shellfish that booster the spawning
population overtime.
• Political support by creating fishing regulation
• Habitat limitation
• Creating unsustain population over the time
• Direct manipulation of the habitat availability for juvenile or
adult shellfish (placement of shells on the bottom of sea
grass bends)

15. Selection of Best Alternatives
• Implementation of 5 – S approach
• Source of stress :
• Recruitment limitation :
• Over abundance of predators, excessive fishing pressure,
degraded water quality, disease from parasite
• Strategy for restoration
• Strategies to address fishing mortality :
• No – take areas or sanctuaries
• Reducing efforts and incidental take

16. Selection of Best Alternatives
• Implementation of 5 – S approach
• Strategy for restoration
• Strategies to address habitat loss :
• Restoration of seagrass habitat
• Construction of 3 – dimensional reefs
• Construction of intertidal “fringing reefs”
• Broad scale placement of shells or shell fragments at high
density on the bottom

17. Selection of Best Alternatives
• Implementation of 5 – S approach
• Strategy for restoration
• Strategies to recruitment limitation:
• Broodstock Enhancement :
• Temperature and salinity control by water quality
monitoring programs
• Circulation patterns
• Risk of predation

18. Selection of Best Alternatives
• Implementation of 5 – S approach
• Success Measure :
• 4 relevant measures :
• Recruitment and growth of the shellfish population
• Provision of habitat for other associated species
• Direct and indirect effects on local water quality
• Shoreline protection

19. Case Study
References
- Ie. Igantius Eric Cahya Saputra -

20. Problem Issues – Case 1
• Hard Clamp Restoration in Great South Bay New
York :
• Fishery was not sustainable
• Clamp population decline dramatically
• Local economic loses

21. Solutions – Case 1
• Establish a network of spawner sanctuaries to allow clams to
accumulate, grow, and reproduce, thereby supplying offspring
to other parts of the Bay
• Stock approximately one million adults clams per year for
several year to increase the overall level pf clam reproduction
in the Bay
• Measure survival and reproduction of clams transplanted into
sanctuaries
• Maximizes survival of clams in sanctuary areas through
ecosystem – based approaches to managing predators
• Identify nutrient sources and understand their broad ecological
effects on the ecosystem

22. Problem Issue – Case Study
2
• Eastern oyster restoration in Pamlico Sound,
North California :
• Oyster population was decreased due to a damaged
in oyster reef structure

23. Solutions – Case 2
• Created multiple spawner sanctuaries to allow oysters
to accumulate, grow to large sizes, reproduce, and
supply larvae to other part of the Sound
• Constructed large three – dimensional oyster reefs
within sanctuary areas using Class – B rip – rap marl
(limestone rocks about the size of basket balls). The
reefs structure mimic historic shape habitat that once
occurred in the Sound.
• Monitored the settlement, growth, and survival of
oysters on newly constructed reefs and documented
the use of restored reefs by other species.

24. Problem Issues – Case 3
• Native Oyster Restoration in Puget Sound,
Washington :
• Over harvest
• Pollution
Lead to dramatically decreased Olympia Oyster

25. Solutions – Case 3

26. Recommendations
- Ie. Ignatius Eric Cahya Saputra -

27. Recommendations
• Build an effective partnership
• Local, State, and Federal agency helps and facilitate and secure the necessary
permit.
• Fishing industry representatives
• Non profit organization
• Academic partners
• Volunteers
• Securing permits
• Ex. Federal Clean Water Act
• Raising Awareness
• Media outreach strategies
• Footing the Bill
• Finding the right finding sources