This document summarizes different types of conditional clauses in Latin grammar: simple fact conditions use the indicative mood in both clauses, contrary to fact conditions use the subjunctive mood to suggest the main clause is untrue, future more vivid conditions use the indicative mood and prefer future perfect tense, future less vivid conditions use the present subjunctive mood and imply improbability. It provides examples of each type of condition and exercises translating sample Latin sentences into English.
En este caso nos ocupamos de uno de los aspectos gramaticales que incluye el nivel B1, B2 y en adelante y las cuales hay que conocer en cierta profundidad.
Las frases condicionales son estructuras del inglés en las cuales, si cierta condición, situación o circunstancia es verdadera, entonces sucede un resultado concreto.
En este caso nos ocupamos de uno de los aspectos gramaticales que incluye el nivel B1, B2 y en adelante y las cuales hay que conocer en cierta profundidad.
Las frases condicionales son estructuras del inglés en las cuales, si cierta condición, situación o circunstancia es verdadera, entonces sucede un resultado concreto.
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2. Simple Fact Conditions
• Conditional clauses are introduced by si (‘if’) or nisi (“unless/if . . .
not”)
• Simple fact are the simplest: use the indicative in both parts of the
condition
si hoc dicis, erras
si hoc fecisti, stultus eras.
3. Contrary to fact
• These conditions suggest that they main clause is untrue.
• Latin uses the subjunctive in both clauses; English uses
‘would/should’ in the main clause
• Imperfect subjunctive is for present time, pluperfect for past time
si pater noster adesset, nos adiuuaret.
si hoc fecisses, stultus fuisses.
4. Future more vivid
• These use the indicative in both clauses
• Latin prefers the future perfect in the conditional clause, but English
prefers the present
si domum reueneris, omnia tibi narrabo.
5. Future less vivid
• This condition is improbable
• Latin uses the present subjunctive in both clauses; English uses ‘were’
in the condition and ‘would/should’ in the main clause
si domum reuenias, omnia tibi narrem.
6. Exercise 26.2 #1-3
1. nisi Pompeius cum Sexto Pompeio militauisset, iamdudum in
Italiam rediisset.
2. si Pompeius tandem reierit, omnes gaudebimus.
3. si Octauianum ueniam regauisses, ille tibi ignouisset.
7. Exercise Translations
26.2.1: If Pompeius had not served with Sextus Pompeius, he would
have returned long ago to Italy.
26.2.2: If Pompeius returns at last, we will all rejoice.
26.2.3: If you had asked Octavian for a pardon, he would have
pardoned you.
