The document explains how to reduce adjective clauses to phrases by omitting relative pronouns and adjusting verbs. It provides rules for reduction, examples of both active and passive forms, and warns about conditions under which reduction is not possible. Additionally, it includes exercises for practice with corresponding answer keys.

1. Reduce clause =
make a clause into
phrase
GRAMMAR
Reducing Clause
By: Agus Salim, S.Psi.

2. Do you remember what is the
different between Clause and
Phrase?
The answer is …………………………………….
On having subject and verb

5. REDUCING CLAUSE
(Adjective clause)
How to reduce a clause to be a phrase?
HERE ARE THE RULES

6. REDUCING
MARKER
*connectors/relative
VERB
pronoun/subject
ACTIVE
WHO, WHICH, WHEN,
WHERE, THAT etc.
PASSIVE VERB + ING
TO BE
OMIT VERB + ED (V3)
Present. Cont.  V + Ing (without to be)

7. Example
active
The man who lives next to me is kind
adjective clause
#1 - Marker/relative pronoun OMITTED
#2- active verb -> Verb + ing
The man who lives next to me is kind
living
Result after being reduced
The man Ø living next to me is kind
The man living next to me is kind

8. Example
passive
The letter which is sent last week is important
adjective clause (in passive form)
#1 - Marker/relative pronoun OMITTED
#2- passive verb -> OMIT “to be”
The letter which is sent last week is important
Result after being reduced
The letter Ø Ø sent last week is important
The letter sent last week is important

9. WARNING
Not all adjective clause can be reduced.
#1 - ONLY when connectors is followed directly by a verb.
In other word, an adjective clause can only be reduced if
the connectors is also a subject.
EXAMPLES:
#1 - The man that I just met is the tour guide. (Is not reduced)
connectors/marker (that ) followed by a subject, “I”
#2 - The letter which you sent me arrived yesterday (Is not reduced)
connectors/marker (which) followed by a subject, “you”

10. Exercise
1. The meeting, which was scheduled for last week, did not
take place.
2. The plane, which is taking off now, is Boeing 477
3. The case, which stands in the corner, is for new books.
4. A room, which is painted white, appears to look larger.
5. The soup that I had for lunch was too salty.
6. The people whom Ani isvisiting live on A. Yani Street.
7. All people whom I asked them to my party was coming
8. The man that is reading thick book is my roommate.
9. The teacher who motivates us is really kind person.
10. The team who won football competition gets a lot of
money.

12. Answer Keys
1. The meeting scheduled for last week did not take place.
2. The plane taking off now is Boeing 477
3. The case standing in the corner is for new books.
4. A room painted white appears to look larger.
5. The soup that I had for lunch was too salty. (NR)
6. The people whom Ani isvisiting live on A. Yani Street. (NR)
7. All people whom I asked them to my party was coming. (NR)
8. The man reading thick book is my roommate.
9. The teacher motivating us is really kind person.
10. The team winning football competition gets a lot of money.

13. THANK YOU
We have done a gooood Job together.
Now, let’s celebrate it!