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20 grammar iii
- 1.
- 2. Active Voice • Inthe active, the subject is doing the action of the verb: Cornelia Marcum salutat. Corenlia is actively greeting Marcus – note the active voice endings.
- 3. Passive Voice • Inthe passive voice, the action is being done by the subject: Marcus a Cornelia salutatur. Here, Cornelia is still the one greeting, but this time, the action is being done by her – note the passive voice endings
- 4. Deponent Verbs • Deponentverbs are a mix of active and passive – passive endings and active translations: Cornelia Marcum videre conatur. Cornelia is actively doing the action of trying to see, but notice that conatur has passive endings . . . this is a deponent!
- 5. Deponent Verb Endings a.k.a.‘Nothing New’
- 6. Principal Parts • DeponentVerbs have only three principal parts 1st principal part first person singular present tense conor 2nd principal part present active infinitive conari 3rd principal part first person singular perfect tense conatus sum
- 7. Conjugations • Use theinfinitive/second principal part to find the conjugation: 1st conjugation 2nd conjugation 3rd/3rd io conjugation 4th conjugation -ari -ēri -i -iri
- 8. Present Tense • Thepresent tense of a deponent is the same as a regular verb with passive endings: conari vereri loqui regredi experiri conor vereor loquor regredior experior conaris vereris loqueris regrederis experiris conatur veretur loquitur regreditur experitur conamur veremur loquimur regredimur experimur conamini veremini loquimini regredimini experimini conantur verentur loquuntur regrediuntur experiuntur
- 9. Imperfect Tense • Again,making a deponent verb imperfect is the same as making an active verb passive: conari vereri loqui regredi experiri conabar verebar loquebar regrediebar experiebar conabaris verebaris loquebaris regrediebaris experiebaris conabatur verebatur loquebatur regrediebatur exerpiebatur
- 10. Future Tense • Andagain – deponents in the future are the same as active verbs becoming passive: conari vereri loqui regredi experiri conabor verebor loquar regrediar experiar conaberis vereberis loqueris regredieris experieris conabitur verebitur loquetur regredietur experietur
- 11. Perfect System • Usethe third principal part with a form of sum . . . remember, this is part adjective, so make sure it agrees: conari vereri loqui regredi experiri conatus sum veritus sum locutus sum regressus sum expertus sum conatus eram veritus eram locutus eram regressus eram expertus eram conatus ero veritus ero locutus ero regressus ero expertus ero
- 12. Participles • Present participlesare formed like their active counterparts • Perfect participles are the third part (without the sum) . . . the translation is ‘having ____ed’ conari vereri loqui regredi experiri conans verens loquens regrediens experiens
- 13. Exercise 20.5 1. patremiuuare conabimur. 2. eum ad agrum secuti sumus. 3. in uia cum amicis diu colloquebar. 4. agrum ingressus patrem uocaui. 5. in agro diu morabar. 6. uespere domum profectus sum.
- 14. Present Passive Infinitive •Use the second principal part of deponent verbs to create the passive infinitive of ordinary verbs 1st 2nd 3rd 3rd io 4th -ari -eri -i -i -iri parari moneri regi capi audiri to be prepared to be warned to be ruled to be captured to be heard
- 15. Exercise 20.6 #1-8 1.sequimur 2. sequemur 3. sequamur 4. sequi 5. secuti sumus 6. sequebaris 7. sequerentur 8. sequentes a. we will follow b. You were following c. to follow d. following e. we have followed f. we follow g. They might follow h. we may follow
- 16. Passive Imperatives • Singularimperatives mirror present infinitives • Plural imperatives mirror the 2nd person plural personal ending • Rarely used with ordinary verbs, for deponents translate just like an imperative 1st 2nd 3rd 3rd io 4th conare uerere sequere patere orire conamini ueremini sequimini patimini orimini
- 17. Exercise 20.8, #1 •moneo, monere, monui, monitus
- 18.
- 19. Exercise Translations 20.5.1: Wewill try to help father. 20.5.2: We followed him to the field. 20.5.3: I was talking in the street with friends for a long time. 20.5.4: I, having entered the field, called father. 20.5.5: I was delaying in the field for a long time. 20.5.6: I set out to home in the evening.