23 grammar ii

1. Chapter 23 Grammar
Part II

2. Indirect Statement
• Indirect statement is the report of a direct statement . . .
The student is writing. DIRECT
I know that the student is writing. INDIRECT
• In Latin, this construct is expressed with the a ‘head’ verb and an
accusative plus infinitive . . .
discipulus scribit. DIRECT
scio discipulum scribere. INDIRECT

3. ‘Head’ Verbs
• ‘Head’ verbs are verbs that take place in your head and generally
introduce an indirect statement: dico, nego, puto, scio, nescio,
cognosco, credo, promitto, spero, gaudeo . . .
• se and suus will be used as accusative subjects to refer back to the
subject of the main sentence
Marcus dicit se Quintum adiuturum esse.
• Remember that anything coming from the 4th part is a participle and
will agree with the subject!

4. Exercise 23.2 #1-3
1. Quintus cognoscit parentes suos Venusia discessisse.
2. sperat se eos in uia inuenturum esse.
3. omnes negant se eos uidisse.

5. Time in an Indirect Statement
• Time is relative in indirect statement:
• Present infinitives happen at the same time as the main verb
Scintilla dixit Flaccum in agro laborare.
• Perfect infinitives happen before the main verb
Scintilla dixit Flaccum in agro laborauisse.
• Future infinitives happen after the main verb
Scintilla dixit Flaccum in agro laboraturum esse.

6. Exercise 23.3 #1-3
1. Quintus cognouit parentes suos Venusia discessisse.
2. sperauit se eos in uia inuenturum esse.
3. omnes negauerunt se eos uidisse.

7. Exercise 23.4 #1-2
1. magister iratus est.
2. Quintus in Italiam rediit.

8. Exercise translations
23.2.1: Quintus knows that his parents have left Venusia.
23.2.2: He hopes that he will find them on the road.
23.2.3: Everyone says that they have not seen them.
23.3.1: Quintus knew that his parents had left Venusia.
23.3.2: He hoped that he would find them on the road.
23.3.3: Everyone said that they had not seen them.
23.4.1: dixit magistrum iratum esse.
23.4.2: dixit Quintum in Italiam rediisse.