This document summarizes research on the effects of adult plant resistance genes in wheat on leaf rust severity in Uruguay. It found that the genes Lr68 and Lr34 individually reduced leaf rust severity by 30% and 13% respectively in one population, while combinations of these genes with Sr2 increased reduction to 47% and 57%. The relevance of combining multiple slow rusting genes to increase resistance was confirmed. Environmental conditions affected gene expression, so identifying appropriate gene combinations for target environments is important. Future work will analyze data from an additional year and location, as well as test other genes and populations.
Deployment of broad spectrum resistance against rice blast which includes gene pyramiding, deployment, transgenic approaches, marker assisted back cross breeding, pedigree by using major R genes and QTLs and phytoalexin genes.
Pathway studio plant rice blast webinar february 2015Ann-Marie Roche
Using inferred pathways relations to find mechanisms associated with a plant disease
Rice blast is a fungal infection that can devastate growing crops within 7-10 days. It can survive on seeds or in soil, subsequent crops can be infected.
Despite all attempts to fight this disease, rice blast still ravages yields. The use of fungicides extends the plant’s useful life, however, blast overcomes resistance within 1 to 2 growing seasons.
Analysis of rice response to blast infection can shed light on plant immunity and improve breeding decisions. This webinar will demonstrate how the utilization of Arabidopsis data in Pathway Studio helps further the understanding of rice blast defense mechanisms.
Deployment of broad spectrum resistance against rice blast which includes gene pyramiding, deployment, transgenic approaches, marker assisted back cross breeding, pedigree by using major R genes and QTLs and phytoalexin genes.
Pathway studio plant rice blast webinar february 2015Ann-Marie Roche
Using inferred pathways relations to find mechanisms associated with a plant disease
Rice blast is a fungal infection that can devastate growing crops within 7-10 days. It can survive on seeds or in soil, subsequent crops can be infected.
Despite all attempts to fight this disease, rice blast still ravages yields. The use of fungicides extends the plant’s useful life, however, blast overcomes resistance within 1 to 2 growing seasons.
Analysis of rice response to blast infection can shed light on plant immunity and improve breeding decisions. This webinar will demonstrate how the utilization of Arabidopsis data in Pathway Studio helps further the understanding of rice blast defense mechanisms.
Marker Assisted Gene Pyramiding for Disease Resistance in RiceIndrapratap1
Why marker assisted gene pyramiding?
For traits that are simply inherited, but that are difficult or expensive to measure phenotypically, and/or that do not have a consistent phenotypic expression under specific selection conditions, marker-based selection is more effective than phenotypic selection.
Traits which are traditionally regarded as quantitative and not targeted by gene pyramiding program can be improved using gene pyramiding if major genes affecting the traits are identified.
Genes with very similar phenotypic effects, which are impossible or difficult to combine in single genotype using phenotypic selection, can be pyramided through marker assisted selection.
Markers provides a more effective option to control linkage drag and make the use of genes contained in unadapted resources easier.
Pyramiding is possible through conventional breeding but is extremely difficult or impossible at early generations..
DNA markers may facilitate selection because DNA marker assays are non destructive and markers for multiple specific genes/QTLs can be tested using a single DNA sample without phenotyping.
CONCLUSION:
• Molecular marker offer great scope for improving the efficiency of conventional plant breeding.
• Gene pyramiding may not be the most suitable strategy when many QTL with small effects control the trait and other methods such as marker-assisted recurrent selection should be considered.
• With MAS based gene pyramiding, it is now possible for breeder to conduct many rounds of selections in a year.
• Gene pyramiding with marker technology can integrate into existing plant breeding program all over the world to allow researchers to access, transfer and combine genes at a rate and with precision not previously possible.
• This will help breeders get around problems related to larger breeding populations, replications in diverse environments, and speed up the development of advance lines.
For further queries please contact at isag2010@gmail.com
Potential impact of transgenic crops(GMOs) on biodiversity bikram giri
This presentation focus on the impact of genetically modified organism and plants on the biodiversity.This deals with the focus on the health related issue and environmental causes.Hope this presentation will be helpful to you all.Thanks
Marker Assisted Gene Pyramiding for Disease Resistance in RiceIndrapratap1
Why marker assisted gene pyramiding?
For traits that are simply inherited, but that are difficult or expensive to measure phenotypically, and/or that do not have a consistent phenotypic expression under specific selection conditions, marker-based selection is more effective than phenotypic selection.
Traits which are traditionally regarded as quantitative and not targeted by gene pyramiding program can be improved using gene pyramiding if major genes affecting the traits are identified.
Genes with very similar phenotypic effects, which are impossible or difficult to combine in single genotype using phenotypic selection, can be pyramided through marker assisted selection.
Markers provides a more effective option to control linkage drag and make the use of genes contained in unadapted resources easier.
Pyramiding is possible through conventional breeding but is extremely difficult or impossible at early generations..
DNA markers may facilitate selection because DNA marker assays are non destructive and markers for multiple specific genes/QTLs can be tested using a single DNA sample without phenotyping.
CONCLUSION:
• Molecular marker offer great scope for improving the efficiency of conventional plant breeding.
• Gene pyramiding may not be the most suitable strategy when many QTL with small effects control the trait and other methods such as marker-assisted recurrent selection should be considered.
• With MAS based gene pyramiding, it is now possible for breeder to conduct many rounds of selections in a year.
• Gene pyramiding with marker technology can integrate into existing plant breeding program all over the world to allow researchers to access, transfer and combine genes at a rate and with precision not previously possible.
• This will help breeders get around problems related to larger breeding populations, replications in diverse environments, and speed up the development of advance lines.
For further queries please contact at isag2010@gmail.com
Potential impact of transgenic crops(GMOs) on biodiversity bikram giri
This presentation focus on the impact of genetically modified organism and plants on the biodiversity.This deals with the focus on the health related issue and environmental causes.Hope this presentation will be helpful to you all.Thanks
Presentation delivered by Dr. Ian King (University of Nottingham, UK) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
I would like to share this presentation file.
Some basics information regarding to molecular plant breeding, hope this help the beginner who start working in this field.
Thanks for many original source of information (mainly from slideshare.net, IRRI, CIMMYT and any paper received from professor and some over the internet)
Standardization of Stem rust note taking and evaluation of germplasm with emphasis on emerging threats of Yellow rust and Leaf rust, Kenya , Njoro from the 12 – 18 October 2015
Leaf Rust Resistant Honduran Coffee
http://buyorganiccoffee.org/1427/leaf-rust-resistant-honduran-coffee/
Research into resistant coffee strains and significant replanting has led to increased Honduran coffee output and exports. Agrimoney.com writes about how the third ranking exporter of Arabica coffee is well on its way to overcoming coffee leaf rust and bringing exports back up to traditional levels.
Honduran coffee production, and exports, will hit a record high in 2015-16 as Central America’s top bean grower reaps the benefit of efforts to counter rust, which badly hurt the region’s output two seasons ago.
Honduras – Latin America’s third-ranked coffee exporter after Brazil and Colombia, and renowned as an origin of higher quality supplies – will produce 6.11m bags of beans in 2015-16, on an October-to-September basis, the US Department of Agriculture bureau in Tegucigalpa said.
That would take to 37% the rebound in output from a low last season, as coffee rust spread through the country, as it did through other Central American producing nations.
And it would lift output – all of arabica beans – above the record 5.60m bags achieved in 2011-12, before the outbreak of rust, caused by the roya fungus, which cuts yields dramatically and can result in tree death.
Honduras, like Colombia has been carrying out research to develop coffee leaf rust resistant strains. This effort has been successful and many coffee plantations that were replanted a few years ago are back in production.
ABSTRACT- The adult plant resistance (APR) gene Lr34 and Lr46 of wheat is associated with leaf tip necrosis (Ltn),
and provide resistance against multiple diseases, viz. leaf rust, stripe rust, stem rust, powdery mildew and spot blotch.
APR gene Lr46 is also associated with Ltn. Lesion mimic (lm) mutants express hypersensitive responses in the absence of
pathogens and also confer resistance to biotrophic pathogens, including leaf rust. However, association between spot
blotch and Ltn is reported, but not with Lm and Ltn. Five hundred diverse lines of spring wheat including two hundred
and ninety four wami population including were screened for Lr34 (CsLv34, 150 bp), Lr46 (STS1BL2, 600bp) and three
lesion mimic genes, viz. lm (Xwmc85.1 and Xgwm264) on 1B, lm1 (Xbarc147 and Xwmc674) on 3BS, and lm2 (Xgwm513
and Xgwm149) on 4BL.Lr34alone was found in only one line, but in 31% of lines it was in combination with Lr46. In
contrast, Lr46 was present singly in 63% of lines. The Lm genes appeared to increase spot blotch severity whereas Lr34
alone or with Lr46 provided moderate to high level of resistance. Lm expression was absent when both Lr34 and Lr46
were present indicating their masking effect on Lm genes. The presence of Lr46 alone showed variable Lm expression.
This suggests that the presence of Lr34 + Lr46 and/or absence of Lm genes enhance resistance to spot blotch.
Key-words- Leaf tip necrosis (Ltn), Lesion mimics (Lm), Spot blotch, Phenotypic marker, Adult plant resistance (APR)
Yellow rust seminar by Priyanka (Phd Scholar Genetics and Plant Breeding CSK ...Priyanka Guleria
This seminar explains about the yellow rust disease of wheat: Its genetics and prevention methods as well as molecular techniques to combat yellow rust
25. comparative study of genetic variations as determined from marker systemsVishwanath Koti
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is most important Solanacous vegetable grown worldwide for
its edible fruits. Various marker techniques have been successfully applied, either individually or in
combination to study the genetic diversity of this crop. A Study to assess the usefulness of different
markers system for analyzing the genetic diversity and relation between different varieties and to find out
correlation between marker systems revealed that all tested tomato cultivars could be differentiated from
each other based on either morphological/protein/RAPD markers individually, and can be applied for
grouping of cultivars, pedigree analysis and genetic diversity analysis. However, markers system used in
this study showed variations in understanding the genetic relation between studied varieties.
QTL is a gene or the chromosomal region that affects a quantitative trait, which should be polymorphic (have allelic variation) to have an effect in a population, must be linked to a polymorphic marker allele to be detected. The QTL mapping consists of 4 steps, like the development of mapping population, generation of polymorphic marker data set among the parents, construction of linkage map, and finally the QTL analysis
All the above steps are described in these slides very briefly along with two case studies.
Genomics, proteomics and metabolomics are the three core omics technologies, which respectively deal with the analysis of genome, proteome and metabolome of cells and tissues of an organism.
Genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships studies of Aegilops L. usi...Innspub Net
Studying of genetic relationships among Aegilops L. species is very important for broadening the cultivated wheat genepool, and monitoring genetic erosion, because the genus Aegilops includes the wild relatives of cultivated wheat which contain numerous unique alleles that are absent in modern wheat cultivars and it can contribute to broaden the genetic base of wheat and improve yield, quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses of wheat. The use of molecular markers, revealing polymorphism at the DNA level, has been playing an increasing part in plant biotechnology and their genetics studies. There are different types of markers, morphological, biochemical and DNA based molecular markers. These DNA-based markers based on PCR (RAPD, AFLP, SSR, ISSR, IRAP), amongst others, the microsatellite DNA marker has been the most widely used, due to its easy use by simple PCR, followed by a denaturing gel electrophoresis for allele size determination, and to the high degree of information provided by its large number of alleles per locus. Day by day development of such new and specific types of markers makes their importance in understanding the genomic variability and the diversity between the same as well as different species of the plants. In this review, we will discuss about genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships studies of Aegilops L. using some molecular markers, with theirs Advantages, and disadvantages.
Utilizing genomic resources for understanding the stay-green QTLs interaction...ICRISAT
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Effects and Interactions of Wheat Leaf Rust Adult Plant Resistance Genes in Uruguay
1. mpsilva@inia.org.uy
Effects and interactions
of wheat leaf rust adult
plant resistance genes
in Uruguay
P. Silva, V. Calvo-Salazar, F. Condón, M. Quincke, C.
Pritsch, L. Gutiérrez, A. Castro, S. Herrera-Foessel, J.
von Zitzewitz and S. Germán
BGRI Workshop
19-22 August 2013
New Delhi, India
4. URUGUAY
Uruguay - South America (34ºS, 55ºW)
Wheat area Regional: 6 million has
Uruguay: 0.5 million has
54 % of S, MS and I cultivars
DIEA, 2013
Leaf rust: most
important and
widespread
wheat rust
§ High dynamism of the pathogen population
§ Short duration of resistance
§ Cultivar replacement
Genetic resistance is the best strategy to control LR
Increase use of slow rusting resistance (durable)
5. Slow rusting genes
For leaf rust:
§ Lr34/Yr18/Pm38/Sr57/Bs: 7DS
§ Lr46/Yr29/Pm39/Sr58: 1BL
§ Lr67/Yr46: 4BL
§ Lr68: 7BL
For stem rust:
§ Sr2/Yr20/Lr27: 3BS
Pleiotropic effect or
linkage
Combinations of 4 - 5 of
these genes results in
near immunity
Most reported to have
differential expression at
different temperatures
6. Environmental effect on LR resistance
Principal component analysis of leaf rust severity
of Avocet-S x Parula population in South America
and Mexico
Germán et al. 2010
PC1:59.8%
PC2:13.0%
Differential
expression of
resistance genes
present in Parula
under different
environments
Mexico
Southern
Cone
7. Environmental effect on LR resistance
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
LR
Cluster
1 LR
Cluster
2 LR
Cluster
3
%
disease
severity
none
only
Lr46
only
LrP
only
Lr34
Lr46+LrP
Lr46+Lr34
LrP+Lr34
Lr46+LrP+Lr34
uster
2 LR
Cluster
3
none
only
Lr46
only
LrP
only
Lr34
Lr46+LrP
Lr46+Lr34
LrP+Lr34
Lr46+LrP+Lr34
Nogenes
Lr46
Lr68
Lr34
Lr46+Lr68
Lr46+Lr34
Lr68+Lr34
Lr46+Lr68+Lr34
MEXICO 1997, 1998
§ Lr46, Lr68:
moderate effect
§ Lr34: most
effective
Modified from Lillemo et al. 2011
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
LR
Cluster
1 LR
Cluster
2 LR
Cluster
3
%
disease
severity
Nogenes
Lr46
Lr68
Lr34
Lr46+Lr68
Lr46+Lr34
Lr68+Lr34
Lr46+Lr68+Lr34
URUGUAY 2005 to 2007
ARGENTINA 2007
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
LR
Cluster
1 LR
Cluster
2
%
disease
severity
§ Lr46: no
effect
§ Lr68: most
effective
§ Lr34:
moderate
effect
8. The expression of the slow rusting genes
vary under different environments
Environmental effect on LR resistance
Which are the genes and specific gene
combinations that are most appropriate
to reduce LR in different target
environments
9. Objective
Investigate the presence, relative effects and
interactions of durable resistance genes
present in Parula on leaf rust severity by
using linked molecular markers in two BC1F6
populations in Uruguay
11. LE2304*2/Parula: 73 BC1F6 lines – Population 1
ORL99102*2/Parula: 69 BC1F6 lines – Population 2
Resistant donor:
Parula - México (CIMMYT)
Adapted - previously described as susceptible to LR
- presence of slow rusting genes: unknown
LE2304 – Uruguay (INIA)
ORL99192 – Brazil (OR-Sementes)
Lr34, Lr46, Lr68 and Sr2 ( Singh et
al., 2011; Herrera-Foessel et al., 2012)
Plant Material
12. Phenotypic characterization of LR
in the field
Plots : 1m row
Spreaders rows
P. triticina race : TFT-10,20
Virulent to:
parents, Lr14b, Lr27+31 (seedlings)
Lr13 (adults)
Two locations:
§ La Estanzuela
(34.3° S, 57.7° W, 70
masl)
§ Young (32.7° S,
57.6° W, 76 masl)
Experimental
design:
§ incomplete
augmented block
with two reps
§ nine repeated
checks
13. Phenotypic characterization of LR
in the field
§ Disease severity (DS) was scored
using the Modified Cobb Scale
§ Four DS scores were taken every
7 to 14 days
§ The area under the disease
progress curve (AUDPC) was
calculated using the following
equation:
Peterson et al. 1948
AUDPC= ∑n
i=1 [(LRSi + LRSi+1)/2] × (ti+1 – ti)
14. Genotypic characterization
with molecular markers
CIMMYT Protocols, 2005
APR
gene
Primer name Marker Type Reference
Lr34 csLV34 + LR34PLUS STS Lagudah et al. 2006; 2009
Lr46 csLV46G22 CAPS (BspEI ) Lagudah, pers comm
Lr68 cs7BLNLRR CAPS (HaeIII ) Herrera-Foessel et al. 2012
Sr2 csSr2 CAPS (BspHI) Mago et al. 2010
15. Statistical analysis
Mixed model – Software R (Package LME4): LR AUDPC means
Locations, genotypes and days to heading: fixed effects
§ LR underestimated on late maturing genotypes
Block and replication: random effects
Linear model:
§ Gene individual effect
§ Gene interaction
§ Population x gene interaction
Contrasts:
§ among average LR AUDPC per gene combination (class)
§ p-value <0.05
21. Contrasts: LE2304*2/Parula
§ Sr2 alone: no effect
§ Lr68 alone: 30% ALRR
§ Lr68 + Sr2: 47% ALRR
020004000
a
b
a
c
AUDPC_DS
Effect of single genes and gene combinations on LR AUDPC
Lr34 present in all lines
ALRR: AUDPC LR reduction
22. Contrasts: ORL99192*2/Parula
§ Sr2 alone: - 8% ALRR
§ Lr34 alone: 13% ALRR
§ Lr34 + Sr2: 26% ALRR
§ Lr68, Lr34+68, Lr68+Sr2:
35% ALRR
§ Lr34+68+Sr2: 57% ALRR
0200040006000
b
a
c
d
e ee
f
AUDPC_DS
Effect of single genes and gene combinations on LR AUDPC
23. § Local higher effect of Lr68 than Lr34 in reduction
of LR
§ Sr2 genomic region affected LR AUDPC in certain
gene combination depending on genotypic
background
§ The relevance of combining several slow rusting
genes was confirmed
§ Increasing the frequency and combing these genes
in new breeding lines will be valuable to increase
LR resistance in future Uruguayan cultivars
Conclusions
24. Future work in Uruguay
§ 2013 data
§ Yellow rust (Toluca, Mexico 2012)
§ INIA-CIMMYT-CSIRO:
• Effect of Lr46: Avocet Lr34 x Avocet Lr46
• Lr68 Mutants
26. Phenotypic characterization of
seedling infection type
Singh, 2003
Race: TFT-10,20
§ Four lines showed an intermediate score
(IT 2) (Roelfs et al.1992)
• LE2304*2/Parula – Lr68+Sr2: 6%DS
• LE2304*2/Parula – Lr68+Sr2: 5%DS
• ORL99192*2/Parula – “no genes”: 74%DS
• ORL99192*2/Parula – Lr34+Sr2: 42%DS
27. ANOVA – Mixed model
§ G x L: expression of resistance in both locations
§ LR underestimated on late maturing genotypes
28. Results and Discussion: Locations
La Estanzuela Young
AUDPC_DS
§ LR infection was severe in both locations
§ Higher disease pressure in Young relative than LE
fDS: 59%
fDS: 64%
fDS: final disease
severity