Yr10 encodes for stripe rust resistance in wheat. Two related genomic sequences, 4B and 4E, were isolated from Moro wheat. Sequence 4B corresponds to the Yr10 resistance gene and is located on chromosome 1B. Silencing of sequence 4B using VIGS rendered Moro wheat susceptible to stripe rust, demonstrating that 4B is responsible for Yr10-mediated resistance. Yr10 was the first CC-NBS-LRR resistance gene cloned from wheat.
RNA silencing refers to related processes of post-transcriptional control of gene expression found in plants, animals and fungi. A unifying feature of RNA silencing is that it mediates sequence-specific degradation of target transcripts, recruiting RNA molecules of 21–23 nucleotides as specificity determinants. In higher plants, RNA silencing serves as an adaptive, antiviral defence system, which is transmitted systemically in response to localized virus challenge. Plant viruses have elaborated a variety of counter-defensive measures to overcome the host silencing response. One of these strategies is to produce proteins that target the cell autonomous or signalling steps of RNA silencing. It is not known whether a similar antiviral mechanism also operates in animal cells
Marker Assisted Gene Pyramiding for Disease Resistance in RiceIndrapratap1
Why marker assisted gene pyramiding?
For traits that are simply inherited, but that are difficult or expensive to measure phenotypically, and/or that do not have a consistent phenotypic expression under specific selection conditions, marker-based selection is more effective than phenotypic selection.
Traits which are traditionally regarded as quantitative and not targeted by gene pyramiding program can be improved using gene pyramiding if major genes affecting the traits are identified.
Genes with very similar phenotypic effects, which are impossible or difficult to combine in single genotype using phenotypic selection, can be pyramided through marker assisted selection.
Markers provides a more effective option to control linkage drag and make the use of genes contained in unadapted resources easier.
Pyramiding is possible through conventional breeding but is extremely difficult or impossible at early generations..
DNA markers may facilitate selection because DNA marker assays are non destructive and markers for multiple specific genes/QTLs can be tested using a single DNA sample without phenotyping.
CONCLUSION:
• Molecular marker offer great scope for improving the efficiency of conventional plant breeding.
• Gene pyramiding may not be the most suitable strategy when many QTL with small effects control the trait and other methods such as marker-assisted recurrent selection should be considered.
• With MAS based gene pyramiding, it is now possible for breeder to conduct many rounds of selections in a year.
• Gene pyramiding with marker technology can integrate into existing plant breeding program all over the world to allow researchers to access, transfer and combine genes at a rate and with precision not previously possible.
• This will help breeders get around problems related to larger breeding populations, replications in diverse environments, and speed up the development of advance lines.
For further queries please contact at isag2010@gmail.com
S. prasanth kumar young scientist awarded presentationPrasanthperceptron
Recipient of Young Scientist Award for Research Article Presentation on “Emergence of Indian Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Viral (TYLCV) Disease: Insights from Evolutionary Divergence and Molecular Prospects of Coat Protein” on an National Symposium on “Evolving Paradigm to Improve Productivity from Dynamic Management and Value Addition for Plant Genetic Resources” held at Department of Botany, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad- 380 009 between Oct 13-15, 2011.
RNA silencing refers to related processes of post-transcriptional control of gene expression found in plants, animals and fungi. A unifying feature of RNA silencing is that it mediates sequence-specific degradation of target transcripts, recruiting RNA molecules of 21–23 nucleotides as specificity determinants. In higher plants, RNA silencing serves as an adaptive, antiviral defence system, which is transmitted systemically in response to localized virus challenge. Plant viruses have elaborated a variety of counter-defensive measures to overcome the host silencing response. One of these strategies is to produce proteins that target the cell autonomous or signalling steps of RNA silencing. It is not known whether a similar antiviral mechanism also operates in animal cells
Marker Assisted Gene Pyramiding for Disease Resistance in RiceIndrapratap1
Why marker assisted gene pyramiding?
For traits that are simply inherited, but that are difficult or expensive to measure phenotypically, and/or that do not have a consistent phenotypic expression under specific selection conditions, marker-based selection is more effective than phenotypic selection.
Traits which are traditionally regarded as quantitative and not targeted by gene pyramiding program can be improved using gene pyramiding if major genes affecting the traits are identified.
Genes with very similar phenotypic effects, which are impossible or difficult to combine in single genotype using phenotypic selection, can be pyramided through marker assisted selection.
Markers provides a more effective option to control linkage drag and make the use of genes contained in unadapted resources easier.
Pyramiding is possible through conventional breeding but is extremely difficult or impossible at early generations..
DNA markers may facilitate selection because DNA marker assays are non destructive and markers for multiple specific genes/QTLs can be tested using a single DNA sample without phenotyping.
CONCLUSION:
• Molecular marker offer great scope for improving the efficiency of conventional plant breeding.
• Gene pyramiding may not be the most suitable strategy when many QTL with small effects control the trait and other methods such as marker-assisted recurrent selection should be considered.
• With MAS based gene pyramiding, it is now possible for breeder to conduct many rounds of selections in a year.
• Gene pyramiding with marker technology can integrate into existing plant breeding program all over the world to allow researchers to access, transfer and combine genes at a rate and with precision not previously possible.
• This will help breeders get around problems related to larger breeding populations, replications in diverse environments, and speed up the development of advance lines.
For further queries please contact at isag2010@gmail.com
S. prasanth kumar young scientist awarded presentationPrasanthperceptron
Recipient of Young Scientist Award for Research Article Presentation on “Emergence of Indian Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Viral (TYLCV) Disease: Insights from Evolutionary Divergence and Molecular Prospects of Coat Protein” on an National Symposium on “Evolving Paradigm to Improve Productivity from Dynamic Management and Value Addition for Plant Genetic Resources” held at Department of Botany, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad- 380 009 between Oct 13-15, 2011.
Introduction to plant biotechnology part 2Somnath Mondal
In part 1 we went through restriction enzymes and plasmid vector construct. Here in part 2, we will go through the bio-data of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and what properties make it natural plant genetic engineer!
A brief outline of the antiviral strategies using RNA silencing pathways with special emphasis on artificial miRNA for broad spectrum virus resistance in plants
Napier stunt disease is transmitted by a leafhopper vector Maiestas (=Recilia...ILRI
A presentation prepared by Obura E., Midega C., Zeyaur K., Pickett J. and Masiga D. for the ASARECA/ILRI Workshop on Mitigating the Impact of Napier Grass Smut and Stunt Diseases, Addis Ababa, June 2-3, 2010.
Introduction to plant biotechnology part 2Somnath Mondal
In part 1 we went through restriction enzymes and plasmid vector construct. Here in part 2, we will go through the bio-data of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and what properties make it natural plant genetic engineer!
A brief outline of the antiviral strategies using RNA silencing pathways with special emphasis on artificial miRNA for broad spectrum virus resistance in plants
Napier stunt disease is transmitted by a leafhopper vector Maiestas (=Recilia...ILRI
A presentation prepared by Obura E., Midega C., Zeyaur K., Pickett J. and Masiga D. for the ASARECA/ILRI Workshop on Mitigating the Impact of Napier Grass Smut and Stunt Diseases, Addis Ababa, June 2-3, 2010.
Presentation delivered by Dr. Ian King (University of Nottingham, UK) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
I would like to share this presentation file.
Some basics information regarding to molecular plant breeding, hope this help the beginner who start working in this field.
Thanks for many original source of information (mainly from slideshare.net, IRRI, CIMMYT and any paper received from professor and some over the internet)
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI support
Stripe rust resistance gene Yr10 encodes an evolutionary- conserved and unique CC-NBS-LRR sequence
1. Stripe rust resistance gene Yr10
encodes an evolutionary- conserved
and unique CC-NBS-LRR sequence
Wei Liu
1.State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, NAFU
2.Lethbridge Research Centre, AAFC
2. Wheat stripe rust
Caused by Puccinia striiformis
Cool and humid climatic conditions
Control methods
3. Yr-gene
Around 50 stripe rust resistance genes
have been officially named but only a
handful of these resistance genes have
been deployed.
4. Example of wheat Gene Example of wheat Chromo. location Resistance typea
Gene Chromo. location Resistance typea
genotype genotype
Yr1 Chinese 166 2AL RS, AS Yr24 K773 1BS RS, AS
Yr2 Heines VII 7B RS, AS Yr25 Strubes Dickkopf 1D RS, AS
Yr3a Cappelle Desprez 5BL RS, AS Yr26 R55 1BS RS, AS
Yr3b Hybrid 46 5BL RS, AS Yr27 Ciano 79 2BS RS, AS
Yr3c Minister 5BL RS, AS Yr28 W7984 4DS RS, AS
Yr4a Cappelle Desprez 3B RS, AS Yr29 Pavon 76 1BL NRS, AP
Yr4b Hybrid 46 3B RS, AS Yr30 Opata 85 3BS NRS, AP
Yr5 T.spelta Album 2BL RS, AS Yr31 Pastor 2BS RS, AS
Yr6 Heines Kolben 7BS RS, AS Yr32 Carstens V 2AS RS, AS
Yr7 Lee 2BL RS, AS Yr33 Batavia 7DL RS, AS
Yr8 Compair 2DL RS, AS Yr34 WAWHT2046 5AL NRS, AP
Yr9 Clement 1RS/1BL RS, AS Yr35 98M71 6BS RS, AS
Yr10 Moro 1BS RS, AS Yr36 RSL65 6BS NRS, HTAP
Yr11 Joss Cambier / RS, AP Yr37 S14 2DL RS, AS
Yr12 Mega / RS, AP Yr38 Line 03524 6AS RS, AS
Yr13 Maris Huntsman / RS, AP Yr39 Alpowa 7BL NRS, HTAP
Yr14 Hobit / RS, AP Yr40 T5DL.5DS-5MgS 5DS RS, AS
Yr15 G-25 1BS RS, AS Yr41 Chuannong19 2BS RS, AS
Yr16 Capelle Desprez 2DL NRS, AP Yr42 03M119-71A 6AL/6AS RS,AS
Yr17 VPM1 2AS RS, AS Yr43 IDO377s 2BL RS, AS
Yr18 Jupateco 73R 7DS NRS, HTAP Yr44 Zak 2BL RS, AS
Yr19 Compair 5B RS, AS Yr45 PI181434 3DL RS, AS
Yr20 Fielder 6D RS, AS Yr46 RL6007 4DL NRS, AP
Yr21 Lemhi 1BL RS, AS Yr47 AUS28183 5BS RS, AS
Yr22 Lee 4D RS, AS Yr48 PI610750 5AL RS,AS
Yr23 Lee 6D RS, AS
7. Yr10
In China
Resistance to CYR32, CYR33 in seedling and adult stages
(Zeng et al.,2011, unpublished)
In Pacific Northwestern United States
Few races can overcome Yr10 -- (Chen et al., 2005)
In western Canada
Still provide resistance in soft white spring and winter
wheat --(Su et al.,2003)
8. Yr10
Moro as source of resistance
-Yr10 ( located on chromosome 1B)
(Metzger and Silbaugh,1970)
-YrMor (located on chromosome 4B)
(Chen and Line,1992)
10. RAPD amplification of a 1100 bp polymorphic
fragment using primer OPE5
M c s s s s R S r r r r
1100bp
R, bulk of Cot fractionated DNA from 14 resistant line BC4F5;
S, bulk of Cot fractionated DNA from 4 susceptible line BC4F5;
r, Cot fractionated DNA from individual resistant line BC4F5;
s, Cot fractionated DNA from individual susceptible line BC4F5;
11. Segregation of E51100 tested on 874 lines derived
from Moro and Fielder
genotype phenotype
422 R 422 R
452 S 452 S
Segregation of E51100 tested on 131 lines (BC2F3 and
BC3F3) between Moro and Fielder
genotype phenotype
104 R 104 R
27 S 27 S
12. Assessment of Specific 1100 bp DNA Fragment
Fragment present Fragment absent
Moro Corrigin(Yr10) Fielder Corrigin
PI178383 QT3960(Yr10) Capp. D. QT3960
Jacmar 79W93(Yr10) Compair 79W93
T. spelta line 415 T. spelta
Avocet (Yr10) Avocet
13. Conclusion 1
Perfect linkage of Yr10 gene with the
phenotype in 874 segregating lines
Fragment E-5 had a week homology to the P-
loop of the L6 rust resistance gene in flax and
score (94, P< 1.4x10-4)
E-5 was present in the cultivars carrying Yr10
A polymorphic DNA fragment ≈1100bp was
detected to Yr10
14. Construction of an EcoR1 Subgenomic library
Screening of 350,000 recombinant clones were
hybridized by E51100
Seven independent clones identified
Two clones, 4B and 4E, were selected for
sequence analysis and characterization
15. 0 nt 834 1963 3663 nt
(1129 nt)
AF149113 ATG TGA
0 aa 843 aa
0 nt 834 1989 3630 nt
4B (1155 nt)
AF149112 ATG TGA
0 aa 824 aa
cDNA SRPL 1 406 nt
Fragments
SRLR 1 961 nt
ATG
SRLZ 1 1935 nt
TGA
Full
length
ATG 2475 bp TGA
cDNA
AF149114
17. Expression of genomic sequences
4E specific 4E specific
forward reverse
4E 4E specific primers
clone Fragment size = 524 bp
LRR TGA
LRR start
LRR start
TGA
Size Amplified
4B = 359 bp
forward reverse
primer primer
LRR start
TGA
4E deletion Size Amplified =
4E 302 bp
forward reverse
primer primer
18. RT-PCR
4E primers 4E primers
4B 4E R R R R 4B 4E R R R R
524 bp
359 bp
302 bp
19. Promoter characterization
TSS
+1
4B
-1300
? ? +1
4E
-1300
TATA box
Caat box
Light & stress responsive elements Plant defense responsive elements
ABRE ElRE ER
MyB + LR WUN MeJA
LR LAMP TCA
20. Linkage of Clones 4B and 4E
Clone 4E was very closely linked to the resistance
phenotype in a random subsample of 55 lines of
the BC2F3 and BC3F3 segregating population as 42
lines (76%) were identified as resistant on the
genotype and 43 (78%) resistant on the phenotype.
21. Fluorescent in situ hybridization of Moro
metaphase chromosomes to localize probe 4B
22. Conclusion 2
Two distinct genomic clones 4B and 4E have
been isolated and characterized
4B and 4E are 84% identical and similar level
of homology, they seem to be the same gene
cluster. 4E represents a non-expressed
pseudogene
Clone 4B located on the distal end of the short
arm of chromosome pair 1B, the same
reported genetic location of Yr10.
Clone 4B corresponds to Yr10
23. The deduced aa sequence of Yr10 exhibits highly
conserved homologs from Dasypyrum breviaristatum
(ACC64518), Aegilops tauschii
(AAM47268), Brachypodium distachyon
(XP_003577469), Sorghum bicolor (XP_002450764)
and Oryza sativa (EAY81279).
33. Silencing of Yr10 transcripts and stripe rust infection levels in
Moro wheat leaves transfected with BSMV-VIGS constructs
and subsequently inoculated with strains of Pst.
34. Conclusions 3
clone 4B exhibits the same
Transgenesis functional properties as Yr10
silencing 4B in Moro resulted
BSMV-VIGS in a susceptible interaction
35. Summary
• a polymorphic DNA fragment (E51100) was
perfectly linked to Yr10
• two highly related genomic sequences 4B and
4E from Moro wheat expresses the seedling
Yr10 gene for resistance to P. striiformis and
4B is the only expressed sequence and
corresponds to Yr10 gene.
36. Summary
• Yr10 is the first and unique CC-NBS-LRR
class of genes reported to provide seedling
stripe rust resistance gene identified while
Yr18/Lr34 and Yr36 represent APR genes.
• Yr10 shows its functionality using transgensis
and gene silencing.
37. Discussions
• Whether Yr10 homologs in rice, maize and sorghum
would confer reistance to wheat stripe rust or other
pest is currently unknown
• Clone 4E, a Yr-type of pseudogene, may represent
an adaptive mechanism in wheat to counter the
rapid virulence shifts in the pathogen by
accelerating the evolution of specific resistance
genes capable of recognizing new pathogen forms.
38. Acknowledgement
Collaborators
André Laroche, Zhensheng Kang, Denis A. Gaudet
Michele Frick, Réné Huelb, Cory L. Nykiforuk,
Xiaomin Wang, François Eudes, Robert L. Conner
Alan Kuzyk, Qin Chen
Funding
This study is financially supported by grants from Alberta
Agricultural Research Institute and AAFC A-base projects to AL
and 111 Project from the Ministry of Education of China (Grant
No.B07049) to ZK.