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Wild Triticum and Aegilops Species: A Mine of Rust Resistance Genes for Future Harvest
- 1. Wild Tri$cum and Aegilops species: A mine of rust resistance genes for future harvest Parveen Chhuneja School of Agricultural Biotechnology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana
- 2. Phylogeny of Triticumand Aegilops species BS Gill, WGGRC
- 3. s Primary gene pool Secondary gene pool TerDary gene pool v all diploid and tetraploid Tri$cum & Aegilops species with A, B, & D genomes v landraces, early domesDcates v wild species that hybridize directly with the culDvated " tetraploid species with one genome common with wheat " diploid S-‐genome species from Aegilops secDon Sitopsis all non-‐progenitor diploid & tetraploid species Wheat Gene Pools
- 4. T. monococcum (AA) Ae. speltoides (SS) Progenitor Species Ae. tauschii (DD) Leaf rust Stripe rust Stem rust Foliar blights Stay Green Anther Extrusion Leaf rust Stripe rust Stem rust Powdery mildew Karnal bunt Grain size Spike size Leaf rust Stripe rust Stem rust Powdery mildew Karnal bunt Grain size Grain micronutrient Thermotolerance Aphid Resistance ??
- 5. T. arara$cum (AAGG) T. dicoccoides (AABB) Leaf rust Stripe rust Powdery mildew Leaf rust Stripe rust Stem rust Powdery mildew Grain protein Grain size Grain micronutrient
- 6. Ae. triuncialis (UUCC) Non-‐progenitor species Ae. geniculata (UM) Ae. kotschyi (US) Leaf rust Stripe rust Powdery mildew Karnal bunt Thermotolerance Leaf rust Stripe rust Grain micronutrient Leaf rust Stripe rust Stem rust Thermotolerance Ae. variabilis (US) Leaf rust Stripe rust Grain micronutrient Thermotolerance
- 7. Wild wheat germplasm at PAU, Ludhiana Species Genome Total Aegilops tauschii DD 270 Tri$cum boeo$cum AbAb 70 Tri$cum monococcum AmAm 60 Aegilops speltoides SS 140 other S genome species SS 20 Tri$cum dicoccoides AABB 120 Tri$cum arara$cum AAGG 20 Aegilops cylindrica DDCC 20 Aegilops ventricosa DDNN 10 Aegilops umbellulata UU 4 Aegilops triuncialis UUCC 10 Aegilops geniculata UUMM 10 Aegilops markgrafii UUMM 4 Aegilops neglecta UUMM 6 Aegilops kotschyi UUSS 22 Aegilops peregrina UUSS 44 Misc. 20 850
- 8. Variability for rust resistance in wild wheats
- 9. Species Acc. Seedling ReacDon Leaf Rust Stripe Rust 77 77-‐1 77-‐2 104-‐1 K M Ae. geniculata 3514 R R R R S S 3547 R R R R R S 3565 R R R R S S 5507 R R -‐ -‐ R R Ae. triuncialis 3549 R R R R R S 3621 -‐ R R R R R 3669 S R S R S R Ae. longissima 3770 S R R R R R 3819 S -‐ R -‐ S R 3821 R R -‐ -‐ R S Ae. tauschii 3737 S R S X R R 3748 -‐ R R R R R 3749 -‐ R R R R R T. urartu 5319 S R S -‐ R R 5343 R R R R S S 5357 S -‐ S -‐ R R 5360 R S S S S R Variability for rust resistance in different wild species
- 10. Stripe rust reacDon of Ae. tauschii accessions at adult plant stage 0 0.2 P B W 343 WH 542 894-‐S 3472-‐T 3738-‐T 3743-‐S 3750-‐S 3751-‐S 3753-‐T 3757-‐S 3758-‐S 3759-‐T 3760-‐S 3761-‐S 3769-‐S 3786-‐S 3805-‐S3822-‐S 3823-‐S 3826-‐T 5514-‐S 9385-‐T 9785-‐T 9787-‐S 9790-‐S 9791-‐S 9793-‐S 9794-‐S 9795-‐T 9796-‐S 9799-‐S 9804-‐S 9807-‐S 9809-‐S 9810-‐S 9821-‐S 9824-‐T 9826-‐S 9827-‐T9830-‐S 13757-‐T 13764-‐T 14091-‐S 14102-‐S 14106-‐T 14109-‐S 14122-‐T 14159-‐S 14163-‐T 14164-‐T 14165-‐S 14171-‐S 14173-‐S 14175-‐S 14180-‐S 14183-‐T 14189-‐T14192-‐T 14195-‐T 14197-‐T 14198-‐T 14199-‐T 14219-‐T 14233-‐T14236-‐T14240-‐S 14245-‐T14251-‐T 14318-‐T 14323-‐S 14330-‐S 14331-‐S 14333-‐S 14334-‐S 14335-‐S 14336-‐S 14337-‐S 14339-‐S 14342-‐S 14344-‐S 14350-‐T14351-‐T 14354-‐T 14361-‐S 14576-‐S 14577-‐S 14578-‐T 100 73 59 42 62 100 83 84 56 33 35 30 61 99 100 63 25 42 61 94 100 47 26 99 71 96 42 100 8336 67 28 51 42 34 7182 99 93 31 29 26 60 55 21 Cluster I-ssp strangulata Cluster II-ssp. tauschii & strangulata Level of geneDc diversity in Ae. tauschii
- 11. Ae. speltoides (SS) 00.2 P DW233P DW291P DW274Ac onc hi89 P BW343 P BW550 3566 3595 3601 3603 3635 3808 38093809 TA1784 3571 3574 3575 3578 3579 3580 3581 3582 3583 3584 3585 3590 3591 3592 3593 3596 3598 3599 3602 3604 3605 3607 3608 3637 3638 3804 402471 TA1770 TA1772 TA1776 TA1778 TA1781 TA1786 TA1787 TA1788 TA1791 TA1792 TA1793 TA1845 TA2357 Level of geneDc diversity in Ae. speltoides Stripe rust reacDon of Ae. speltoides accessions at adult plant stage
- 12. 0 20 40 60 Accessions ReacDon type NON PROGENITOR SPECIES T. boeo$cum T. monococcum 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 TR 20MR 20S Accession ReacDon Type 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 TR 5MR 10MR 20MR 40S-‐60S Accessions ReacDon type T. dicoccoides
- 13. UDlizaDon of wild species in wheat for disease resistance Disease Total genes catalogued From alien sources Leaf rust 71 32 Stripe rust 53 25 Stem rust 57 24 Powdery mildew 47 26 CCN 10 8 McIntosh et al. 2012
- 14. Alien introgressions: Some Case Studies " 5M of Ae. geniculata: resistance genes for all the three rusts " Homoeologous gp. 5: Distal region " Ae. triuncialis: A single accession carry resistance for mulDple diseases " A genome species: source of mulDple resistance
- 15. 5M chromosome of Ae. geniculata acc. pau3547 have genes for leaf rust, stripe rust and stem rust resistance Lr57 Yr40 Lr57 Yr40 Lr57 Yr40 Sr53
- 16. BS Gill, WGGRC Sr53 in spontaneous translocaDon stocks with reduced alien chromaDn -‐ Liu et al. 2011
- 17. 5US chromosome of Ae. umbellulata carries closely linked leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes *YrU0.0 *LrU0.7 *Lr57-Yr40CAPS4.6 *Xgwm1909.1 *Xwmc805c32.8 5DS Disease RILs Stripe rust Total HR H HS Leaf rust HR 113 7 3 123 H 0 11 1 12 HS 0 1 106 107 Total 113 19 110 242 Leaf rust reacDon in the mapping populaDon IL373 IL403 Resistant RILs PBW343 WL711 SuscepDble RILs
- 18. 5CS chromosome of Ae. caudata carries closely linked leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes Stage Resistant Susceptible T o t a l plants χ2(3:1) Seedling 208 78 286 0.79 Adult plant 206 78 284 0.92 5DS
- 19. Leaf rust and Stripe rust resistance genes on 5DS from three different alien genomes-‐M, U & C *YrU0.0 *LrU0.7 *Lr57-Yr40CAPS4.6 *Xgwm1909.1 *Xwmc805c32.8 5DS Ae. geniculata Ae. umbellulata Ae. caudata Lr57/Yr40 Lr57-‐Yr40 LrU, YrU LrC, YrC
- 20. Wheat-Ae. triuncialis substitutionline-DS5U(5A) 5U chromosome carries genes for " A leaf rust resistance-‐slow rusDng " A powdery mildew resistance gene " A CCN resistance gene Single Accession of Ae. triuncialis acc. pau 3549 carries two leaf rust, powdery mildew, CCN and KB resistance genes
- 21. Ae. triuncialis additionline for chromosome 2U/2C: KB, leaf rust and powdery mildew resistance Derivative ID Mean KB % KB Range Leaf rust Powdery mildew WL711 60.2 - 80S 9 PBW343 10.7 - 40S 9 2205 2.6 0-12.6 60S 1 2238 15.1 0-27.2 0 1 2288 2.3 0-13.2 0 0-3 2291 2.2 0-9.9 0 1 WL711 AT 2205 2238 2288 2291 AT PBW343 2288 BC1F3
- 22. A Wheat-Ae. triuncialis spontaneoustranslocation carries Lr58 Lr58
- 23. A-‐genome Tri(cum species: MulDple disease resistance
- 24. Triticum boeoticum/ T.monococcum RIL population " Leaf rust resistance " Stripe rust resistance " Karnal bunt resistance " Cereal cyst nematode resistance " Powdery mildew resistance " Single vs two seeds per spikelet " Many Agronomic traits " Stem rust resistance
- 25. Disease resistance gene segregaDon in T. boeo(cum/T. monococcum RILs Disease ReacDon in parental accession SegregaDon in RILs CulDvated Germplasm Leaf rust Resistance Both parents resistant No segregaDon; Both parents have same gene (s) WL711, PBW343 Stripe rust Resistance Both parents resistant Two gene; One gene from each parent WL711, PBW343 Stem rust Resistance Both parents resistant No segregaDon; Both parents have Sr22 WL711 Powdery mildew resistance T. boeoDcum resistant Two genes; Both genes from Tb PBW343 Cereal cyst nematode resistance T. monococcum resistant Two genes; Both genes from Tm 4x & 6x background
- 26. Linkage map of A genome of T. monococcum T. boeoticum/T. monococcum likage map based on 200 markers BE4893230.0 GluAlmw13.3 bcd13035.3 gdm3350.2 gwm3355.4 cfd5856.7 gwm13661.1 cfa215363.2 BE44489066.8 Mwg710b Psr549b67.3 mwg2021a67.8 gwm110474.1 BE442682 barc20476.7 BE49983581.7 cfa2158 cfd2186.0 BE44340188.3 BE44310391.2 BE59168294.1 gwm39196.4 BE495292100.0 barc9109.8 gdm36124.6 wmc475146.1 cfd65 cfd59 cfd83 155.1 cfa2135 wmc470a159.4 gwm135164.5 GluAy173.1 BE443103213.0 1 Mwg8510.0 KsuD1818.5 BE49835819.6 wmc38223.6 barc124a25.1 gwm63633.9 Psr66652.3 Psr108 wmc17757.8 fba198 fba17858.7 wmc26460.6 fba27268.5 BE49749481.2 BE49947884.9 gwm27587.5 BE406808 wmc47490.1 BE406584 gwm51591.3 gwm1011 gwm1045 BE406923 gwm71 cfd26 94.7 wmc42095.9 BE425962 Psr630117.6 barc5119.5 Psr681129.1 Psr933129.5 wmc407129.7 wmc170 Psr331133.3 fba374134.4 gwm30140.9 Psr540152.3 cfd267165.8 cfd223199.1 2 wmc1470.0 gwm75721.4 barc5725.1 barc1233.6 wmc1134.3 cfd7950.5 gwm36954.7 barc21867.6 gwm77968.9 wmc150a78.0 wmc7998.0 barc1998.6 barc6798.9 wmc26999.2 cfa2134105.5 Psr570106.6 gwm1121108.6 Psr74117.0 wmc492119.5 barc152135.2 wmc96c137.5 cfa2193140.7 bcd131173.6 wmc153186.1 cfa2170189.8 cfd62192.7 wmc326201.6 wmc322209.7 wmc169210.9 gwm391237.6 3 Br0.0 Gnu_A30.2 Ba259.7 gwm19272.6 gwm16576.5 cfa225677.9 cfd7180.8 barc10681.4 wmc89 wmc4882.9 gwm61486.9 cfa2173104.9 gwm494118.4 mwg2021b125.3 cdo484125.9 wmc468134.4 Mwg676175.3 4 BE4969030.0 barc18618.1 barc1 wmc150b18.7 cfd4019.3 barc11721.9 gwm44349.0 BE49983559.5 gwm20560.6 gwm15464.3 barc14183.0 gwm18688.0 wmc37194.5 cfd2b96.3 gwm639103.3 barc151120.6 cfd12129.5 gwm271133.6 Psr426139.4 cfd2a144.3 Psr549a147.9 barc124b150.0 cfa2163 barc142153.6 cfa2141154.5 wmc470b158.4 bcd98160.7 KsuG14182.2 cfd39205.3 wmc399206.5 gwm126210.8 gwm6214.4 cfd47225.6 wmc74227.6 5 cfd1900.0 wmc96b1.2 barc371.8 barc11313.0 gwm57026.7 wmc17932.5 gwm101744.0 wmc41746.2 gwm61757.1 gwm42760.1 gwm108963.4 Psr96667.8 Psr687 barc10489.0 6 gwm4710.0 barc7036.2 gwm635 gwm63547.9 cfd3172.5 cfa204993.4 wm6100.8 wmc283 gwm130101.9 barc154103.6 cfa2028106.6 wmc405122.1 wmc58123.8 cfa2174134.9 RC_A138.2 gwm573 wmc17142.5 cfd68145.3 wmc96a149.7 gwm473153.7 barc29163.6 Mwg710c192.0 7
- 27. Disease Genes Mapped Leaf rust Resistance Lr_Tm Stripe rust Resistance QYrtm.pau-‐2A, QYrtb.pau-‐5A Stem rust Resistance Sr22 Powdery mildew resistance PmTb7A.1 & PmTb7A.2 Cereal cyst nematode resistance Qcretm.pau-‐1A, Qcretm.pau-‐2A R genes mapped on Tm/Tb RIL populaDon
- 28. 14 QTL/genes mapped in T. boeo$cum/T. monococcum RIL populaDon Br 7AL
- 29. Summary of Genetransfers from Progenitor and non- progenitor species at PAU Ludhiana Donor Trait Chromosome Gene(s) Ae. geniculata (UUMM) Leaf rust Stripe rust 5DS Lr57 Yr40 Ae. triuncialis (UUCC) Leaf rust Powdery mildew Karnal bunt, CCN 2BL 5U Lr58 Ae. umbellulata (UU) Leaf rust Stripe rust 5DS 5DS LrU YrU Ae. caudata (CC) Leaf rust Stripe rust 5DS LrC Ae. variabilis (UUSS) Leaf rust Stripe rust 2AL -‐ LrV YrV T. monococcum & T. boeo(cum (AA) Leaf rust Stripe rust CCN Powdery mildew 6A 2A, 5A 1A, 2A 7A Lr_Tm QYrtm.pau-‐2A, QYrtb.pau-‐5A Qcretm.pau-‐1A, Qcretm.pau-‐2A PmTb7A.1 & PmTb7A.2 Ae. tauschii (DD) Leaf rust, stripe rust Karnal bunt 1D, 2D, 6D -‐ T. arara(cum (AAGG) Powdery mildew Leaf rust Stripe rust -‐ -‐
- 30. Challenges.. " SystemaDc large scale evaluaDon and uDlizaDon of wild species " Restricted RecombinaDon " Linkage Drag " UDlizing genomic advances for precision introgression " Acceptance of alien genes by breeders
- 31. OpportuniDes " Huge variaDon: major proporDon unuDlized " SNP based marker pla`orms and sequencing technologies: lead to beber germplasm characterizaDon and uDlizaDon " Chromosome engineering: understanding Ph1 locus " ComparaDve Genomics " Combined efforts of cytogeneDcists, molecular biologists and breeders required for idenDficaDon, transfer and uDlizaDon of alien genes
- 32. InternaDonal Collaborators Bikram S Gill, KSU Beat Keller, IPMB, Zurich Harbans Bariana, Australia Cristobal Uauy, JIC, UK Brande Wulff, TSL, UK Funding agencies: Department of Biotechnology, GOI, India USIF, USA SDC, Switzerland ICAR, India BMGF, USA Dr HS Dhaliwal