Nationalism is defined as a strong feeling of loyalty or devotion to an ethnic nation based on shared language, culture, and history, or to a civic nation based on shared beliefs and values regardless of ethnicity. There are two types of nationalism - ethnic nationalism and civic nationalism. Before the age of nationalism, people identified themselves based on their family, religion, feudal lord or king rather than as members of a nation.

1. Nationalism defined
• a strong feeling of loyalty or devotion to an
ethnic nation
– based on language, culture, and a shared
history
and/or a civic nation
– based on shared beliefs and values (ethnic
nationality doesn’t matter)
• It is possible to speak of ethnic
nationalism and civic nationalism

2. What did people identifyWhat did people identify
themselves withthemselves with beforebefore
the age of nationalism?the age of nationalism?

3. How did life in the Middle Ages develop?
The pinnacle of the Roman Empire (c. 300 C.E.)

4. Fall of the Roman Empire
(410 - 476 C.E.)

5. What system of organization
developed in Europe after the
fall of the Roman Empire?
Feudalism

6. What is Feudalism?
-A complex social system of Lords, vassals,
and peasants
Why Feudalism?
– Feudalism was developed during a period
of disorder; there was no central
government to protect the people
– Security & Sustenance (food)
When was the system of Feudalism
dominant?
– Approximately 500 – 1500
– Fall of Rome - Enlightenment

7. Complex Feudal Relationships
Lord
Vassal
Vassal
(Knights)
Vassal
Peasant Serf Peasant Serf Peasant
What significant group of people is missing from this
diagram?

8. •Loyalty
•Military
Service
•Taxes
•Council
Feudal Relationships (Upper Level)
•Land (fief)
•Protection
Lord
Vassal Vassal Vassal
Both Lords and Vassals were “free”

9. Feudal Relationships
(Lower Level)
•Protection
•A place to
work & live
Vassal
(Lord)
Serf Peasant Serf
Serfs were NOT “free”
•Mandatory
labour
•Did the
actual work
of farming
•Had few
rights
•80-90% of
population

10. The Manor
3 Field Rotation System

11. A Political Map of ________ - 1328
• Under feudalism there was a “King of the Franks,” not a
“King of France”
• The people did not view themselves as a “nation”

12. • What are you proud of in your life?What are you proud of in your life?
• Where do your loyalties lie?Where do your loyalties lie?
• What makes you proud to be a Canadian?What makes you proud to be a Canadian?
• What freedoms are you proud to have?What freedoms are you proud to have?
• What do you think a French peasant had to beWhat do you think a French peasant had to be
proud of?proud of?
• Where did his/her loyalties lie?Where did his/her loyalties lie?

13. • What does King
Arthur claim as
his source of
authority?
• How is this
different from a
democratic civic-
nation?
Watch Clip

14. • The church claimed to have ultimate authority fromThe church claimed to have ultimate authority from
GodGod
• To question authority, especially the king’s, was toTo question authority, especially the king’s, was to
question Godquestion God
• Popes and kings often came into conflict over whosePopes and kings often came into conflict over whose
power was greaterpower was greater
• Life for most people was harsh and short, but theLife for most people was harsh and short, but the
faithful were promised an afterlife in paradisefaithful were promised an afterlife in paradise

15. Medieval Church: Positives &
Negatives
• Provided sense of
meaning to difficult
lives
• Maintained
knowledge of the past
• Provided
opportunities for
women
• Role of perish and
village priests
• Tended to become
corrupt: Indulgences
• Intolerant:
persecution of
heretics and witches
• Source of religious
wars
• Inspired the Spanish
Inquisition and the
Crusades

16. • Governed by traditionGoverned by tradition
• Based on heredityBased on heredity
• No social mobility (couldn’t change classes)No social mobility (couldn’t change classes)
• Different rights, privileges, and obligations went withDifferent rights, privileges, and obligations went with
each classeach class
• Lowest classes had the fewest privileges and did mostLowest classes had the fewest privileges and did most
of the workof the work

17. A Feudal King with absolute power
France Under Louis XIV
• Reigned for 72 years (55 in his
own right)
• Ambitious and the most influential
king in Europe
• Monarchs everywhere wanted to
“be like Louis”
• Louis proclaimed himself the
“Sun King”
• Made the statement “I am the
State”
• Lived lavishly at the palace of
Versailles

20. Louis created “jobs” for all the
nobles

21. ““But what happens when the sun sets?”But what happens when the sun sets?”

22. What new development inspired people
replace their traditional loyalties
(family, church, lord, king etc…) with
loyalty to the state?
Nationalism

23. The first great example of
Nationalism?