Emperor Hirohito of Japan was seen as a god-like figure but had little actual political power. Prime Minister Tojo transformed Japan into a military dictatorship and promised to dominate Asia militarily. In Italy, Mussolini seized power through a coup in 1922 and established a state-controlled economy. In Germany, Hitler took control of the Nazi party and used propaganda to present a carefully crafted public image, becoming Chancellor and establishing a one-party state. The document discusses factors that can contribute to the rise of ultranationalism like crisis, expansionist interests, charismatic leadership, and instilling ultranationalist values. It analyzes how economic, political and social crises in Germany, Italy and Japan in

1. When Nationalism Becomes Ultranationalism

2. Hirohito and Tojo in Japan
EMPEROR HIROHITO
PRIME MINISTER TOJO

3. Hirohito and Tojo in Japan
 Emperor Hirohito
 Seen as a God who is human
 Revered by the people
 Largely ceremonial and representational power of the
Japanese Empire, not really involved in political
decision-making
 General Tojo
 Strong warrior family traditions
 Becomes PM and transforms Japan into a military
dictatorship
 Promised that Japan would dominate Asia militarily

4. Mussolini in Italy

5. Benito Mussolini in Italy
 Journalist
 Starts a political party called Fasci, leftwing socialist party, then turn right-wing
 Abolish unions and political parties
 Curbs the power of the press
 Coup d`ètat in 1922, seizes power of
government
 State-controlled economy, pulls Italy out
of Great Depression

6. Hitler in Germany

7. Adolf Hitler in Germany
 Took control of the National Socialist
German Workers` Party (NAZI)
 Determined to restore German pride and
power
 Amazing Public Speaker
 Use of Propaganda
 Carefully crafted image
 Becomes German Chancellor,
establishes one-party state

8. Factors that Develop
Ultranationalism
1.
2.
3.
4.
Crisis
Expansionist National Interests
Charismatic Leadership
Instilling Ultranationalist Values
and Beliefs

9. Does Crisis Create
Ultranationalism or…
Does Ultranationalism
Create Crisis?

10.  Political Crises
 Instability and ineffectiveness
 External threats to the nation
 Economic Crises
 Financial difficulties of the nation and its citizens
 Hardship
 Social Crises
 Damages to reputation of peoples
 Humiliation
 Threats to the nation existence, both political
and military

11.  Political Situation
 Treaty of Versailles (and other treaties)
 National Interests
 Who got what they wanted? Who didn’t?
 Economic Situation
 Great Depression
 Social Situation
 Unemployment
 Soldiers coming back from war
 Rebuilding after War

12.  Worldwide economic collapse
 Oct 29, 1929 New York Stock Exchange
collapses
 People lost their money as banks folded
 Companies closed and laid off workers
 Governments now had to take care of its
citizens, struggled to do so

15. The Case of Germany
 Political Crisis
 Economic issues plaque government
 No effective political leadership
 Economic Crisis
 Great Depression
 Reparation payments (led to high inflation)
 Lost colonies
 Social Crisis
 Weakened military = Unemployment for soldiers
 Fewer exports=Increased Unemployment
 Destroyed sense of nation

16. The Case of Germany
http://www.joelscoins.com/exhibger2.htm

17. The Case of Italy
 Political Crisis
 Weak leadership
 Lack of a response to new realities of the
world, government was stuck in old ways
 Economic Crisis
 Great Depression
 Massive National Debt (and high inflation)
 Spending 3X more than it was making
 Social Crisis
 High Unemployment
 Growing sense of nationalism / patriotism

18. The Case of Italy

19. The Case of Japan
 Political Crisis
 Dissatisfaction with Japan’s professional politicians
 Emperor and government start to fall under control
of the military
 Economic Crisis
 Following WWI, Japanese cooperation with Allies
was key to economic well being
 Great Depression, USA stops importing Japanese
products – leads to a collapse in their economy
 Failure of rice crop in 1932, widespread famine
 Social Crisis
 Military returns to traditional warrior values
 Extreme patriotism
 Desire to have an empire (everyone else got to!)

20. The Case of Japan

22. How Did the World Respond?
 Appeasement –
 League of Nations – What was its purpose?
 Why “appeasement”?
 Churchill –
 “The era of procrastination, of half-measures, of soothing and baffling
expedients, of delays, is coming to a close. In its place we are
entering a period of consequences”
 “An appeaser is someone who feeds a crocodile… hoping it will eat
him last.”

23. Appeasement

24.  Divide up into groups of 4-6
 German Citizens
 Unemployed Men
 Soldiers
 High School Students
 Politicians
 Women
The Year is 1938
 What are your concerns?
 What are your ideas/wishes for the nation?

25. Put It Together



What were the main social, political, and
economic concerns your groups came up with?
What do you wish to see change in the society
you are a part of?
What concerned all of you most?

26. Put It Together


Could ultranationalism occur in Canada?
Identify 3 things that would have to occur in order
for ultranationalism to occur here

27. Are We In A
Recession?
 With a group of four, brainstorm the three
biggest luxuries in your life that you will
be willing to give up
 What is one thing you are NOT willing to
give up
 What is the main difference
between 2009 and 1929?