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Intro to American Culture: A 40-Character Title
- 1. Intro to American Culture
- 2. Culture
- 5. American Culture - Stereotypes
- 9. American Culture - Basics • Old: The U.S. is a “melting pot” • Today: The U.S. is a “salad bowl” • American culture allows individuals to maintain their own culture. • This makes the U.S. richer • and more diverse!
- 10. The Role of Geography
- 11. Individuality & Control • Everyone is encouraged to have their own identity • Independence is highly valued • Being strong, self-reliant, assertive, and independent. • “Pull yourself up by your own bootstraps” • “If I work hard I can achieve anything”
- 12. Communication • Direct - “to the point” • Looking someone in the eye in a conversation means you are interested, respectful. • Personal space • Informality – “Hey” “What’s up?” “How are you?”
- 13. Time is Important! • Americans take pride in making the best use of their time. • Being late = disrespect. It’s better to arrive early! • Americans apologize if they are late. • Professors and time. • In social settings there is more flexibility. It is okay to arrive “fashionably late” to a party.
- 14. Laws / Rules • Follow all U.S. laws and university rules • You can’t say “I didn’t know” • Immigration regulations – student status • Legal drinking age is 21 • If your car is stopped by police
- 15. Repopulating a Continent • The Decline of Native Populations • There were many complex civilizations in Latin American before Europeans arrived • 1500: population of 47 million; 1650: 5 million • Causes: • disease, • warfare, • forced labor, • collapse of food production system 15
- 16. 16 INDIAN CULTURE HEARTHS • SOURCE AREAS from which radiated ideas, innovations, and ideologies that changed the world beyond. MA Hearths Aztecs Mayans
- 17. Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff 17 Inca Culture Hearth
- 18. Cultural Patterns • Patterns of Ethnicity and Culture • Racial caste system – Spanish legacy: blanco (European), mestizo (mixed ancestry), indio (Indian), negro (African) • Colonial structure – transplanted feudalism • Peninsulares – • Creoles – • Mestizo – • European/African mix • Native Americans (Indians) & Africans • Independence equality of Peninsulares & Creoles • Blancos dominated social, political, & economic systems for more than a century
- 19. Catholic Influence • Traditionally provided education & health care • Established many of the social mores • Higher clergy often came from the aristocracy and supported the status quo • Social role of the Church has grown in some places becoming an advocate for the poor and disenfranchised • Bishop Romero in Nicaragua (assassinated) • Has opposed most birth control methods in countries with high birth rates and great poverty • Many may be Catholic “in name only”
- 20. Machismo • Male oriented society – definitely a double standard • Traditionally, marriages were arranged – a greater disadvantage for women – upper class men were expected to be unfaithful • Admiration for the strong, forceful male • Dictators were often admired as much as they were feared • Military often a vehicle for advancement and control • Compromise seen as a sign of weakness • Male resistance to birth control -- # of male children often considered a measure of one’s manhood
- 21. Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff 21 Language Map of Latin America
- 22. Colombian Exchange • Amerindians Contributed: • Corn (maize), sweet potato, several kinds of beans, the tomato, several kinds of squash, cacao, & tobacco (Potato – from Peru) • Gonorrhea & rheumatoid arthritis • Europeans Contributed: • Wheat, oats, rye, & other European crops, horse, cow, sheep, pigs, chicken • Syphilis, small pox, chicken pox, measles, mumps, typhoid fever, influenza, etc. – African slaves also brought tropical diseases for which Amerindians had no immunity or resistance
- 23. Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff 23 Shifting Political Boundaries
- 24. 24 A Glimpse of Mexico • Click on the map to see the video
- 25. 25 Dependent Economic Growth • Most Latin American countries are “middle income” • Extreme poverty in the region, however • Development Strategies • Import substitution: policies that foster domestic industry by imposing inflated tariffs on all imported goods • Industrialization • Manufacturing emphasized since 1960s • Growth poles: planned industrial centers • Maquiladoras and Foreign Investment • Maquiladoras: Mexican assembly plants lining U.S. border • Other Latin American countries attracting foreign companies • The Informal Sector • Provision of goods & services without government regulation • Self-employment: construction, manufacturing, vending, etc.
- 26. Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff 26 Mapping Poverty and Prosperity
- 27. GDP Per Capita
- 28. GDP Per Capita
- 29. Birth Rate
- 30. Birth Rate
- 31. Patterns of Colonial Rule PARALLEL RULE VS. INDIRECT RULE- BRITAIN ASSIMILATION- FRANCE PORTUGAL AND FRANCE VICE ROYALTY-SPAIN SPECIAL ROLE OF SETTLER COLONIES
- 32. Cortez
- 33. Status of Women 33 Lower than rate in U.S. but comparable to many European countries Many women work outside the home (30%-40%) Reflective of patriarchal tendencies Legally, women can vote, own property, and sign for loans, but less likely than men to do so Highest rates in Central America Low illiteracy rates Related to education and workforce participation Trend toward smaller families
- 34. Colonization and Conflict, 1600-1750 • Spain in North America • England in the Chesapeake • Crisis in the Chesapeake • Changing Chesapeake Society • The Caribbean to the Carolinas
- 35. Spanish Institutions • Presidios (Military/State) • Explore • Trade • “Defend” • Subdue Indians • -Onate 1590, Acoma • Missions (Church) • Franciscans & Jesuits • Conversion • Indian Labor
- 36. Main Themes of British Colonization • Mercantilism • Late Arrivals • Violence and Indians • Social stratification • Land, colonize, exclude • Experience with Ireland
- 38. The English in the Chesapeake Joint Stock Company Investors pooled money and bought “stock” or “part” of a business, received a “share” of profit if successful. Mercantilism The state/crown helps improve trade between British chartered “businesses” and foreign groups Fueled search for colonies, as “domestic” producers and suppliers of raw materials. Avoided the need for trade disputes and importation
- 39. Atlantic Slave Trade and West Africa
- 40. Comparisons Britain Late arrivals Smaller colonies Corporations Families “Exclusive” Proprietary colonies Land and Property Spain Large Institutions Bureaucracy Church/state/military Encomendero Indian Labor Mestizo “Inclusion”
- 41. Hudson Bay Company • Royal Charter Company • Oldest Joint Stock Company in the English Speaking World
- 43. Trade Network • Captured Africans became part of network called the triangular trade • First leg of triangle: ships carrying European goods to Africa to be exchanged for slaves • Second leg: Middle Passage, brought Africans to Americas to be sold • Third leg carried American products to Europe
- 44. What is American Studies?
- 45. What is American Studies?
- 46. What is American Studies?
- 47. What is American Studies?
- 48. p203
- 50. U.S. Constitution, Article I establishes Legislative Branch • Bicameral • Senate and House of Representatives • Duties given to Legislative Body • Make our laws • Appropriate Money • Regulate Immigration • Establish Post Offices and Roads • Regulate Interstate Commerce and Transportation • Declare War • Impeach POTUS
- 51. U.S. Constitution, Article II Executive branch • The President of the United States • Approves or vetoes laws made by Congress • Carries out laws made by Congress • Appoints federal court judges • Negotiates treaties with foreign nations • Commander in Chief • Of all militaries
- 52. U.S. Constitution, Article III established Judicial Branch • Supreme Court • has final say over any public case in America • Interprets the meaning of laws • Rules whether laws passed by Congress are constitutional or not • Rules whether POTUS has acted accordingly • Done when Congress tries to impeach POTUS
- 53. 5 basic principles of US Constitution Popular Sovereignty Limit Governments power Separation of Powers Checks an Balances Federalism
- 54. Limited Government • Framers wanted to guard against tyranny • Government is limited to the power given them in the Constitution. • The Constitution tells how leaders who overstep their power can be removed
- 55. Federalism • The division of power between State and National Governments • Some powers are shared • The National Government has the “supreme power”
- 56. Separation of Powers No one holds “too much” power Legislative branch makes the laws Executive branch carries out the laws Legislative branch interprets the laws
- 57. The Bill of Rights The First 10 Amendments to the Constitution • Take notes on the slides as they appear. • Draw pictures to represent at least five of the amendments.
- 58. The History of Canada’s Constitution • One of the most important early Canadian constitutional documents was the British North America Act 1867. • By this act the colonies of Canada (Ontario and Quebec) were united with the colonies of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.
- 59. A Federal Union One Central Government
- 60. The Canada Act 1982
- 61. Aboriginal Rights • “The existing aboriginal and treaty rights of the aboriginal peoples of Canada are hereby recognized…” • For many aboriginal people this was insufficient.
- 62. Fundamental Freedoms (s.2) • Freedom of conscience and religion • Freedom of belief and expression • Freedom of association • Freedom of peaceful assembly The provinces feared that these were too broad and as a result they were limited by the notwithstanding clause of section 33. of the Charter.
- 63. New Inventions Change American Life Electric Light bulb Typewriter Sewing Machine Telephone
- 64. Reasons for Growth Growing Population The U.S. population more than doubled. Over 14 million immigrants were part of this growth. Natural Resources The U.S. was able to use its vast resources… Forests, water, coal, iron, copper, silver, and gold.
- 65. Reasons for Growth Government Support State and federal governments used land grants, subsidies, and tariffs to help businesses grow. Investment Capital Hoping to share in the thriving economy, banks and wealthy people lent businesses money.
- 66. Edison & Electricity • Electric power industry grew late 1800’s. • Thomas Edison invented many new ways to use electricity • Thomas Edison also invented a system to deliver electricity to buildings
- 67. Bell & the Telephone • Alexander Graham Bell, telephone 1876. • By 1880 more than 50,000 telephones • The invention of the switchboard allowed more people to connect
- 68. Corporations Gain Power • Before the late 1800’s most businesses were owned by a single person or by a few partners. • During the Industrial Revolution many businesses turned into corporations. • A business owned by shareholders. • Investors who own part of a company by buying shares of that company’s stock.
- 69. Corporations Advantages of Corporations Corporations can raise large sums of money by Selling stocks. A Corporation limits the risks of its shareholders. A Corporation continues to exist even after its Founders die. Corporations are better able to run large operations Such as the Standard Oil Refinery.
- 70. • Rockefeller: best way to make money was to put his competitors out of business. • Monopoly. • Rockefeller began to buy other oil refineries and he made secret deals with other railroads to carry his oil at a cheaper rate than other refineries. John D. Rockefeller & the Oil Industry
- 71. Andrew Carnegie & the Steel Industry • Andrew Carnegie had a different idea about how to make his corporation a success. • He believed that to beat his competition he simply had to produce the best and cheapest product. • To do this Carnegie wanted to control all the processes of manufacturing steel. He bought the iron mines as well as the ships and railroads that carried iron to his mills.
- 72. Industrialization Changes Cities people moved to large cities to find jobs. 01 Factories began to open in large cities with good transportation systems and plenty of people to work. 02 The more factories opened, the more people moved to the cities to fill the jobs. 03
- 73. Urbanization • Other things that made urbanization possible was the invention of the electric elevator. • Before this invention most buildings were under 4 stories. • People did not want to have to take the stairs to the 23rd floor… • After the invention of the elevators people began building skyscrapers which increased the housing and workspace available in cities.
- 74. Ellis Island
- 75. Angel Island • In 1910 Asian Immigrants began to land at Angel Island in San Francisco CA. • The Conditions at Angel Island were very bad, most of the buildings were very dirty, and many immigrants were kept there for weeks before they could leave.