An information system is comprised of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and operations within an organization. It relies on computer hardware and software to process and disseminate data, which has been organized into a meaningful form, to support both formal systems operating with predefined rules and human users. An information system includes input, processing, output, and feedback activities to transform raw data into useful information.

1. What is an Information System:
•Information System
•Interrelated components working together to
collect, process, store and distribute
information to support decision making,
coordination, control, analysis and
visualization in an organization.

2. What is an Information System:
•Information
Data that have been shaped into a form that is
meaningful and useful to human beings.
•Data:
Streams of raw facts representing events
occurring in organizations or the physical
environment before they have been organized
and arranged into a form that people can
understand and use.

3. What is an Information System:
•Information System Literacy
•It includes behavioral knowledge about
organizations and individuals using
information systems as well technical
knowledge about computers.
•Computer Literacy
•Knowledge about information technology,
focusing on understanding how computer-
based technologies work.

4. What is an Information System:
•Computer-based Information System
(CBIS(
IS that rely on computer hardware and software
for processing and disseminating information.
•Formal System
•System resting on accepted and fixed
definitions of data and procedures, operating
with predefined rules.

5. Why Information System:
•Globalization
–Management and control in a global marketplace
–Competition in world market
–Global Work groups
–Global delivery systems

6. Why Information System:
•Transformation of Industrial Economics
–Knowledge and information based economics
–New products and services
–Knowledge: a central productive and strategic assets
–Time based competition
–Shorter product life
–Turbulent or disordered environment
–Limited employment knowledge base

7. Why Information System:
•Transformation of the Enterprise
–Flattening
–Decentralization
–Flexibility
–Location independence
–Low transaction and coordination costs
–Empowerment
–Collaborative work teamwork

8. Why Information System:
•Emergence of the Digital Firm
–Digitally enabled relationship with customers,
suppliers and employment
–Core business processes accomplished via digital
networks
–Digital management
–Rapid sensing and responding to environment
changes

9. INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS
FEEDBACK
Activities in an Information System

10. Activities in an Information System
•Input:
The capturing or collection of raw data from
within the organization or from its external
environment for processing in an information
system
•Processing
The conversion, manipulation and analysis of raw
input into a form that is more meaningful to
humans

11. Activities in an Information System
•Output
The distribution of processed information to the
people who will use it or to the activities from
which it will be used.
•Feedback
Output that is returned to the appropriate
members of the organization to help them
evaluate or correct input

12. Functions of an Information System
Figure 1-3

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ORGANIZATIONSORGANIZATIONS TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
INFORMATIONINFORMATION
SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

14. Key Elements:
•People: Managers, knowledge workers, data workers,
production or service workers
Structure: Organization chart , groups of specialists,
products, geography
•Operating procedures: Standard operating
procedures (SOP, rules for action)
Politics: Power to persuade, get things done
Culture: Customs of behavior
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Organizations

15. Levels:
•Senior managers: make long-range strategic decisions
about products and services
•Middle managers: Carry out the programs and plans of
senior management
•Operational managers: monitor the firm’s daily activities
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Management

16. Tools managers use to cope with change
Hardware: Physical equipment
•Software: Detailed preprogrammed instructions
Storage: Physical media for storing data and the software
•Communications Technology: transfers data from
one physical location to another
•Networks: link computers to share data or resources
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Computer Technology

17. Definition MIS
•MIS refers broadly to a computer-based system that
provides managers with the tools for organizing,
evaluating and efficiently running their departments.
•An MIS can include software that helps in decision
making, data resources such as databases, the hardware
resources of a system, decision support systems, people
management and project management applications, and
any computerized processes that enable the department to
run efficiently.

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CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Figure 1-6
Technical
Approaches
Behavioral
Approaches
Management
Science
Operations
Research
Sociology
Economics
Computer
Science
Psychology