This document provides an overview of information systems in organizations. It defines key concepts like data, information, and knowledge. It discusses why organizations use information systems to achieve operational excellence, develop new products and services, gain customer intimacy, improve decision making, gain competitive advantages, and ensure survival. The dimensions of an information system that must be understood are the organization, management, and technology. A case study of UPS's automated package tracking system is also provided to illustrate how information systems provide benefits.
Information Systems in Global Business Today.pptxRoshni814224
The document discusses the role of information systems in business today. It describes how information systems are transforming business through emerging technologies like mobile platforms, big data, and cloud computing. Information systems help businesses achieve strategic objectives like operational excellence, new products/services, customer intimacy, improved decision making, competitive advantage and survival. The growth of information technology investment from 32% to 52% of capital between 1980-2009 is also noted. Key topics covered include digital business processes, strategic uses of information systems, and how systems and business capabilities are interdependent.
The document discusses management information systems. It defines an information system and its components, including the organizational, management, and technology dimensions. It explains different types of information systems like transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive support systems. It also discusses how enterprise applications like ERP, SCM, CRM, and KM systems improve organizational performance. Finally, it covers the importance of collaboration and teamwork in business and how technology enables collaboration.
Introduction to management information systemOnline
The document provides an overview of management information systems and discusses key concepts. It introduces the objectives of studying information systems which include distinguishing data from information and identifying the basic types of business information systems. The document also outlines the lecture which covers information concepts, a business perspective on information, characteristics of valuable information, systems performance standards, manual versus computerized systems, and the positive and negative impacts of information systems.
Information systems are transforming business by improving customer experience, reducing costs, and enabling new business models. An information system collects, processes, stores, and distributes data to support decision making across an organization. It has organizational, management, and technological components. Academically, information systems draw from disciplines like computer science, management science, operations research, psychology, economics, and sociology. A sociotechnical perspective views information systems as jointly optimizing social and technical aspects to achieve organizational performance. Complementary assets ensure information systems provide genuine value by supporting the implementation and use of new technologies.
People and businesses need information for different purposes. For individuals, information provides entertainment and enlightenment, while businesses use information for decision making, problem solving, and control. Data refers to raw facts, while information involves organizing data in a way that provides value beyond the individual facts. An information system is made up of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and disseminate data and information to meet an objective.
An information system is comprised of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and operations within an organization. It relies on computer hardware and software to process and disseminate data, which has been organized into a meaningful form, to support both formal systems operating with predefined rules and human users. An information system includes input, processing, output, and feedback activities to transform raw data into useful information.
This document provides an overview of an information systems course. It covers three key topics:
1. How information systems are transforming business through emerging technologies like mobile platforms, big data, and cloud computing. It also discusses opportunities from globalization.
2. The role of information systems in achieving strategic business objectives like operational excellence, new products/services, customer intimacy, and competitive advantage.
3. Perspectives on information systems, including their organizational, management, and technology dimensions in a business. It frames information systems as creating value by supporting decision making and business processes.
This document provides an overview of information systems in organizations. It defines key concepts like data, information, and knowledge. It discusses why organizations use information systems to achieve operational excellence, develop new products and services, gain customer intimacy, improve decision making, gain competitive advantages, and ensure survival. The dimensions of an information system that must be understood are the organization, management, and technology. A case study of UPS's automated package tracking system is also provided to illustrate how information systems provide benefits.
Information Systems in Global Business Today.pptxRoshni814224
The document discusses the role of information systems in business today. It describes how information systems are transforming business through emerging technologies like mobile platforms, big data, and cloud computing. Information systems help businesses achieve strategic objectives like operational excellence, new products/services, customer intimacy, improved decision making, competitive advantage and survival. The growth of information technology investment from 32% to 52% of capital between 1980-2009 is also noted. Key topics covered include digital business processes, strategic uses of information systems, and how systems and business capabilities are interdependent.
The document discusses management information systems. It defines an information system and its components, including the organizational, management, and technology dimensions. It explains different types of information systems like transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive support systems. It also discusses how enterprise applications like ERP, SCM, CRM, and KM systems improve organizational performance. Finally, it covers the importance of collaboration and teamwork in business and how technology enables collaboration.
Introduction to management information systemOnline
The document provides an overview of management information systems and discusses key concepts. It introduces the objectives of studying information systems which include distinguishing data from information and identifying the basic types of business information systems. The document also outlines the lecture which covers information concepts, a business perspective on information, characteristics of valuable information, systems performance standards, manual versus computerized systems, and the positive and negative impacts of information systems.
Information systems are transforming business by improving customer experience, reducing costs, and enabling new business models. An information system collects, processes, stores, and distributes data to support decision making across an organization. It has organizational, management, and technological components. Academically, information systems draw from disciplines like computer science, management science, operations research, psychology, economics, and sociology. A sociotechnical perspective views information systems as jointly optimizing social and technical aspects to achieve organizational performance. Complementary assets ensure information systems provide genuine value by supporting the implementation and use of new technologies.
People and businesses need information for different purposes. For individuals, information provides entertainment and enlightenment, while businesses use information for decision making, problem solving, and control. Data refers to raw facts, while information involves organizing data in a way that provides value beyond the individual facts. An information system is made up of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and disseminate data and information to meet an objective.
An information system is comprised of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and operations within an organization. It relies on computer hardware and software to process and disseminate data, which has been organized into a meaningful form, to support both formal systems operating with predefined rules and human users. An information system includes input, processing, output, and feedback activities to transform raw data into useful information.
This document provides an overview of an information systems course. It covers three key topics:
1. How information systems are transforming business through emerging technologies like mobile platforms, big data, and cloud computing. It also discusses opportunities from globalization.
2. The role of information systems in achieving strategic business objectives like operational excellence, new products/services, customer intimacy, and competitive advantage.
3. Perspectives on information systems, including their organizational, management, and technology dimensions in a business. It frames information systems as creating value by supporting decision making and business processes.
This document provides an overview of information systems and their components and roles. It discusses different types of information systems like transaction processing systems, management support systems, and enterprise collaboration systems. It also covers information system frameworks, concepts, and trends. Key points discussed include the components of an IS, types of management support systems, roles of IS in supporting business processes and decision making, and how IS can provide competitive advantage.
The document discusses learning objectives and foundational concepts for an introductory information systems course, including defining what a system and information system are, explaining why information systems are important for business, and providing examples of how businesses use information systems.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in information systems. It discusses the value of information and distinguishes between data, information, and knowledge. It describes the components of an information system including inputs, processing, outputs, and feedback. It also discusses different types of business information systems such as transaction processing systems, enterprise resource planning systems, management information systems, and decision support systems. Finally, it provides an overview of the systems development process.
1) Information systems affect nearly all business careers as firms increasingly rely on technology to gain competitive advantages. Accounting, finance, marketing, operations and management roles now require technical skills.
2) Common skills needed across careers include understanding how IT helps achieve objectives like efficiency and new products, working with databases, analyzing information, and addressing legal/ethical issues.
3) Specific careers also require skills in the technologies used, like enterprise systems for financial reporting, marketing databases, or production management software.
This document provides an overview of information systems concepts. It defines information systems and their key components, including hardware, software, data, networks, and people. It describes common information system activities like input, processing, output, storage, and control. It also discusses trends in information systems like cloud computing, big data, mobile, social, and how e-business applications support business processes, decision making, and competitive advantage. Finally, it covers some managerial challenges of developing, implementing, and managing information systems.
This document discusses the role of information systems in business and management. It covers how information systems have transformed organizations by enabling globalization, the rise of the information economy, changes to the business enterprise, and the emergence of the digital firm. The challenges of building and using information systems are also examined, including designing competitive systems, understanding global requirements, and ensuring user control and ethical use of systems. Information systems are defined and their functions explained, demonstrating how they support business processes and decision making.
This document discusses various topics related to information systems including:
1. Examples of common information systems used in businesses like point of sale, accounting, and banking software.
2. Key components of information systems including hardware, software, data, networks, and people.
3. Activities of information systems such as input, processing, output, storage, and control of data.
4. Managerial challenges of developing, implementing, and securing information systems to support business goals.
Management information systems (MIS) chapters 1 and 2 were covered. Key topics included how information systems are transforming business through e-commerce and big data, and the objectives of information systems for businesses. Information was defined as processed data that provides context. Information systems turn raw data into meaningful information through input, processing, and output. Dimensions of information systems include the organization, people, and technology. The problem-solving approach to addressing business challenges was also discussed.
1) Information systems are transforming business through increased use of wireless technology, web sites, web 2.0 technologies, cloud computing, and mobile digital platforms that allow more distributed work, decision making, and collaboration.
2) Businesses heavily invest in information systems to achieve strategic objectives like operational excellence, new products and business models, customer and supplier intimacy, improved decision making, competitive advantage, and survival.
3) An information system consists of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making, coordination, and control.
The document discusses various types of e-business systems and enterprise applications. It describes how e-business uses internet and networks to support ecommerce, communication, and business processes within and between organizations. It also discusses cross-functional enterprise systems that integrate across traditional business functions to improve processes. Some key enterprise applications mentioned are ERP, CRM, SCM, and KM systems. It provides an overview of how these systems work together through enterprise application architecture and integration.
The document discusses various types of e-business systems and enterprise applications. It describes how e-business uses internet and networks to support ecommerce, communication, and business processes within and between organizations. It also discusses cross-functional enterprise systems that integrate across traditional business functions to improve processes. Some key enterprise applications mentioned are ERP, CRM, SCM, and KM systems. It provides an overview of how these systems work together through enterprise application architecture and integration.
Foundations of information systems in businessSagar Mainali
The document discusses key concepts related to information systems including:
1. The components of an information system including people, hardware, software, data, and networks.
2. The typical activities of an information system which are input, processing, output, storage, and control of data.
3. The managerial challenges of developing and implementing information systems including supporting business needs, managing costs and risks, and keeping pace with technological changes.
Information technology (IT) is vital for organizations to manage and make decisions. IT involves acquiring, processing, maintaining and distributing high-quality information. New technologies are impacting organizations and society through growing human-machine interactions. Effective IT provides the right information to the right people to help the organization gain competitive advantages through better customer service. Information systems follow a systematic development process involving investigation, analysis, design, implementation and maintenance to collect and transform data into useful information for decision-makers.
1. An information system is a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization. It includes hardware, software, data, people, processes, and technologies.
2. Information systems have three main components - input, processing, and output. They also involve feedback and control to monitor performance. Common examples of information systems include transaction processing systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems.
3. Managing information systems effectively presents challenges related to business processes, technology development, goals and ethics. Developing successful information system solutions involves analyzing needs, designing, implementing, and maintaining systems through continuous improvement.
This document provides an overview of information systems including:
1. The definition of an information system as a set of interconnected people, technology, and processes to collect, process, store, and distribute information to help coordination, analysis, and decision making.
2. The need for efficient information systems to store data securely, enhance decision making and productivity, and provide data analytics tools.
3. The main types of information systems including transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and expert systems.
4. The information requirements for planning including monitoring, evaluation, and careful planning before projects.
5. The importance of coordination and control at various levels of business and industry to harmonize activities
Management Information Systems (MIS) is the study of people, technology, organizations and the relationships among them. MIS professionals help firms realize maximum benefit from investment in personnel, equipment, and business processes by creating information systems for data management and meeting the needs of managers, staff and customers. A management information system gives managers the information they need to make efficient and effective decisions by collecting, processing, storing and disseminating data.
Enterprise systems integrate information across a company's operations on a company-wide basis. They provide a central repository for information that is common to all corporate users. These systems allow seamless sharing of information regardless of where the data is located. Interorganizational systems facilitate information flow between companies to streamline processes. Enterprise systems can be internally or externally focused to coordinate activities within a company or with external partners.
The document discusses the different types of information systems and provides examples of the information systems used by four major tech companies: Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google. It describes the four main types of information systems as transaction processing systems, customer relationship management systems, business intelligence systems, and knowledge management systems. It then provides details about the specific industries each company serves, their revenue models, and examples of information systems they use, such as transaction processing, customer relationship management, business intelligence, knowledge management, and other systems.
LECTURE 1: INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN BUSINESS TODAYAiman Niazi
1) The document discusses the role and importance of information systems in business today. It explains that information systems are essential for operational excellence, new products/services, customer relationships, decision making, competitive advantage, and business survival.
2) It describes the components of an information system including its organizational, management, and technology dimensions. It also discusses perspectives on information systems including the business information value chain and importance of complementary assets.
3) The document outlines different approaches to studying information systems including technical, behavioral, and sociotechnical views. It emphasizes the sociotechnical perspective of optimizing both social and technical aspects.
This document provides an overview of information systems and their components and roles. It discusses different types of information systems like transaction processing systems, management support systems, and enterprise collaboration systems. It also covers information system frameworks, concepts, and trends. Key points discussed include the components of an IS, types of management support systems, roles of IS in supporting business processes and decision making, and how IS can provide competitive advantage.
The document discusses learning objectives and foundational concepts for an introductory information systems course, including defining what a system and information system are, explaining why information systems are important for business, and providing examples of how businesses use information systems.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in information systems. It discusses the value of information and distinguishes between data, information, and knowledge. It describes the components of an information system including inputs, processing, outputs, and feedback. It also discusses different types of business information systems such as transaction processing systems, enterprise resource planning systems, management information systems, and decision support systems. Finally, it provides an overview of the systems development process.
1) Information systems affect nearly all business careers as firms increasingly rely on technology to gain competitive advantages. Accounting, finance, marketing, operations and management roles now require technical skills.
2) Common skills needed across careers include understanding how IT helps achieve objectives like efficiency and new products, working with databases, analyzing information, and addressing legal/ethical issues.
3) Specific careers also require skills in the technologies used, like enterprise systems for financial reporting, marketing databases, or production management software.
This document provides an overview of information systems concepts. It defines information systems and their key components, including hardware, software, data, networks, and people. It describes common information system activities like input, processing, output, storage, and control. It also discusses trends in information systems like cloud computing, big data, mobile, social, and how e-business applications support business processes, decision making, and competitive advantage. Finally, it covers some managerial challenges of developing, implementing, and managing information systems.
This document discusses the role of information systems in business and management. It covers how information systems have transformed organizations by enabling globalization, the rise of the information economy, changes to the business enterprise, and the emergence of the digital firm. The challenges of building and using information systems are also examined, including designing competitive systems, understanding global requirements, and ensuring user control and ethical use of systems. Information systems are defined and their functions explained, demonstrating how they support business processes and decision making.
This document discusses various topics related to information systems including:
1. Examples of common information systems used in businesses like point of sale, accounting, and banking software.
2. Key components of information systems including hardware, software, data, networks, and people.
3. Activities of information systems such as input, processing, output, storage, and control of data.
4. Managerial challenges of developing, implementing, and securing information systems to support business goals.
Management information systems (MIS) chapters 1 and 2 were covered. Key topics included how information systems are transforming business through e-commerce and big data, and the objectives of information systems for businesses. Information was defined as processed data that provides context. Information systems turn raw data into meaningful information through input, processing, and output. Dimensions of information systems include the organization, people, and technology. The problem-solving approach to addressing business challenges was also discussed.
1) Information systems are transforming business through increased use of wireless technology, web sites, web 2.0 technologies, cloud computing, and mobile digital platforms that allow more distributed work, decision making, and collaboration.
2) Businesses heavily invest in information systems to achieve strategic objectives like operational excellence, new products and business models, customer and supplier intimacy, improved decision making, competitive advantage, and survival.
3) An information system consists of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making, coordination, and control.
The document discusses various types of e-business systems and enterprise applications. It describes how e-business uses internet and networks to support ecommerce, communication, and business processes within and between organizations. It also discusses cross-functional enterprise systems that integrate across traditional business functions to improve processes. Some key enterprise applications mentioned are ERP, CRM, SCM, and KM systems. It provides an overview of how these systems work together through enterprise application architecture and integration.
The document discusses various types of e-business systems and enterprise applications. It describes how e-business uses internet and networks to support ecommerce, communication, and business processes within and between organizations. It also discusses cross-functional enterprise systems that integrate across traditional business functions to improve processes. Some key enterprise applications mentioned are ERP, CRM, SCM, and KM systems. It provides an overview of how these systems work together through enterprise application architecture and integration.
Foundations of information systems in businessSagar Mainali
The document discusses key concepts related to information systems including:
1. The components of an information system including people, hardware, software, data, and networks.
2. The typical activities of an information system which are input, processing, output, storage, and control of data.
3. The managerial challenges of developing and implementing information systems including supporting business needs, managing costs and risks, and keeping pace with technological changes.
Information technology (IT) is vital for organizations to manage and make decisions. IT involves acquiring, processing, maintaining and distributing high-quality information. New technologies are impacting organizations and society through growing human-machine interactions. Effective IT provides the right information to the right people to help the organization gain competitive advantages through better customer service. Information systems follow a systematic development process involving investigation, analysis, design, implementation and maintenance to collect and transform data into useful information for decision-makers.
1. An information system is a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization. It includes hardware, software, data, people, processes, and technologies.
2. Information systems have three main components - input, processing, and output. They also involve feedback and control to monitor performance. Common examples of information systems include transaction processing systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems.
3. Managing information systems effectively presents challenges related to business processes, technology development, goals and ethics. Developing successful information system solutions involves analyzing needs, designing, implementing, and maintaining systems through continuous improvement.
This document provides an overview of information systems including:
1. The definition of an information system as a set of interconnected people, technology, and processes to collect, process, store, and distribute information to help coordination, analysis, and decision making.
2. The need for efficient information systems to store data securely, enhance decision making and productivity, and provide data analytics tools.
3. The main types of information systems including transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and expert systems.
4. The information requirements for planning including monitoring, evaluation, and careful planning before projects.
5. The importance of coordination and control at various levels of business and industry to harmonize activities
Management Information Systems (MIS) is the study of people, technology, organizations and the relationships among them. MIS professionals help firms realize maximum benefit from investment in personnel, equipment, and business processes by creating information systems for data management and meeting the needs of managers, staff and customers. A management information system gives managers the information they need to make efficient and effective decisions by collecting, processing, storing and disseminating data.
Enterprise systems integrate information across a company's operations on a company-wide basis. They provide a central repository for information that is common to all corporate users. These systems allow seamless sharing of information regardless of where the data is located. Interorganizational systems facilitate information flow between companies to streamline processes. Enterprise systems can be internally or externally focused to coordinate activities within a company or with external partners.
The document discusses the different types of information systems and provides examples of the information systems used by four major tech companies: Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google. It describes the four main types of information systems as transaction processing systems, customer relationship management systems, business intelligence systems, and knowledge management systems. It then provides details about the specific industries each company serves, their revenue models, and examples of information systems they use, such as transaction processing, customer relationship management, business intelligence, knowledge management, and other systems.
LECTURE 1: INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN BUSINESS TODAYAiman Niazi
1) The document discusses the role and importance of information systems in business today. It explains that information systems are essential for operational excellence, new products/services, customer relationships, decision making, competitive advantage, and business survival.
2) It describes the components of an information system including its organizational, management, and technology dimensions. It also discusses perspectives on information systems including the business information value chain and importance of complementary assets.
3) The document outlines different approaches to studying information systems including technical, behavioral, and sociotechnical views. It emphasizes the sociotechnical perspective of optimizing both social and technical aspects.
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1. Module 1: Overview of the
Information System in
Organizations
Chapter 1: Introduction to
Information Systems
2. Learning Objectives
• Discuss why is it important to study and
understand information systems
• Distinguish between data, information and
importance of valuable information
• Discuss why organizations use Information
Systems
• Identify the dimensions of Information
Systems
4. Information Concepts
• Data: raw facts, such as employee number,
number of hours worked in a week, inventory
part numbers etc.
• Alphanumeric data, Image data, Audio data,
Video data
• Information: collection of facts organized so that
they have additional value beyond the value of
facts themselves
• Process: set of logically related tasks performed
to achieve a defined outcome, or simply turning
data into information
5. Information Concepts
• However, certain rules and regulations can be
set up to organize data into useful and
valuable information
• Knowledge: is the awareness and
understanding of a set of information and the
ways that information can be made useful to
support a specific task or reach a decision
6. Information Concepts
• Characteristics of valuable information
– Accessible
– Accurate
– Complete
– Economical
– Flexible
– Relevant
– Reliable
– Secure
– Simple
– Timely
– Verifiable
• The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision
makers achieve their organization’s goals
7. System Concepts
• System: is a set of elements or components
that interact to accomplish goals
• The relationships among the elements
determine how the system works
8. Information System(IS)
• Why is Information System important?
– We interact with IS personally and professionally
– Transforming businesses
– Globalization and Opportunities
• IS effects all areas of the businesses
– Manufacturing
– Accounting
– Human Resources
– Marketing
– Top Management
9. Information System
• Set of interrelated components
• Collect, process, store, and distribute information
By computers and software as a tool
• Support decision making, coordination, control,
problem analysis and create new product
• Provide solutions to changes/challenges in business
environment
• Another definition
– IT is an integrated Human-Machine system that combines
hardware, software, databases and telecommunications
networks. It collects data and processes it into information
used for decision making at all levels of the organization.
10. Functions of an Information
System
An information system contains information about an organization and its surrounding environment. Three basic activities—input,
processing, and output—produce the information organizations need. Feedback is output returned to appropriate people or activities in the
organization to evaluate and refine the input. Environmental actors, such as customers, suppliers, competitors, stockholders, and
regulatory agencies, interact with the organization and its information systems.
11. Why Firms Use IS
• To achieve 6 strategic business objectives
1. Operational excellence
2. New products, services, and business models
3. Customer and supplier intimacy
4. Improved decision making
5. Competitive advantage
6. Survival
12. Why Firms Use IS
• Operational Excellence
– Achieving higher levels of efficiency and productivity in
business operations, plus changes in management
behaviour
– Example: Wal-Mart’s Retail Link system links suppliers to
stores for in-time replacements
• New Products/ Services/ Business Model
– Business model: describes how company produces,
delivers, and sells product or service to create wealth
– Information systems and technology a major enabling tool
for new products, services, business models
• E.g. Apple’s iPod, iTunes online music business
13. Why Firms Use IS
• Customer and Supplier Intimacy
– Serving customers well leads to customers returning, which
raises revenues and profits
– Intimacy with suppliers allows them to provide vital inputs,
which lowers costs
• E.g. JCPenney’s information system which links sales records to
contract manufacturer
• Improved decision making
– Managers need right information at right time
– IS provide real-time data for making decisions
– E.g. Verizon’s Web-based digital dashboard to provide managers
with real-time data on customer complaints, network
performance, line outages, etc.
– Results in restoration and repairing fast and effective
14. Why Firms Use IS
• Competitive Advantage
– Achieve higher sales and profit through using IS by:
• Doing things better
• Charging less for superior products
• real time responding
– Using the internet is competitive advantage
• Survival
– Information technologies are necessity of doing
business
• Industry-level changes, e.g. Citibank’s introduction of ATMs
15. Summary
• IS instrument for creating value to firms
• The value of information is directly linked
to how it helps decision makers achieve
the organization’s goals
• Information systems must be applied
thoughtfully and carefully so that society
and industry can reap maximum benefits
16. Dimensions of Information System (IS)
• Using IS effectively depends on the
understanding of organization , technology
and management
• Only computer literacy is not important,
rather broader IS literacy is important to
implement a productive IS and this field of
MIS is to achieve it
Information System Literacy
How and Why technology is
applied in business
17. Dimensions of Information System
• Organization
– Key elements : People, Structure, Business
Processes, Politics, Culture
– Organizational structure has different levels and
specialities
18. Dimensions of Information System (IS)
• Management
– Make decisions, formulate action plan and solve
organizational problem
– Managers set organizational strategy for
responding to business challenges
– In addition, managers must act creatively:
• Creation of new products and services
• Occasionally re-creating the organization
19. Dimensions of Information System (IS)
• Technology
– Hardware: physical equipment used for input, output, processing,
storage
• E.g. Event Data Readers (EDR) in vehicles
– Software: computer programs that control and coordinate the hardware
• E.g. Fab Lab – controls automatic cutter, milling machines
– Data management technology: deals with software that are used to
organize data on physical storage media
– Network and telecommunications technology: contains both
hardware and software that are used to link various computer devices
• E.g. investment firms use telecomm to connect with brokers and traders
– Internet: worlds largest Network
– WWW: service provided by the internet
– IT infrastructure: platform to build the IS
20. UPS Case Study
• Company: United Parcel Service (UPS)
– Package delivery
– Started in 1907, now has 408,000 employees and 96000
vehicles
• Process: automated package tracking system
– Scannable label attached to package
– Info from “smart” tag goes to central computer
– At centre traffic route made for drivers
– Delivery Information Acquisition Device (DIAD) access info
through wireless n/w
– Through bar code info at various points goes to central computer
– Info available on UPS website
21. UPS Case Study
• Inputs, Processing, Output of UPS PTS
– Info about sender, destination and time of arrival, progress data
– Info transmitted central computer to distribution centre, route
calculation
– Tracking status, printed label, driver’s route
• Technologies used and why
– Handheld computers, bar code scanners, wireless
communications, desktop commuters, UPS data storage
technology, UPS tracking software, Internet (Web site)
– Reason: high level service in low price
22. UPS Case Study
• Strategic Business Objectives Achieved
– Operational Excellence
• Customers and download and print labels
• Drivers traffic route
– Customer Intimacy
• Inform about estimated time
• Package status report
– New Service
• Point Sales Order Management System (OMS)
– Competitive Advantage
• Achieved by above mentioned implementations
23. Global Challenges
• Globalization has impact on organizations and its IS
• Thomas Friedman “The World is Flat”
• Individuals from all over the world compete with other
individuals, companies and countries through Internet
• Where there are International opportunities, there are
challenges and obstacles as well
– Cultural and language challenges
– Time and distance challenges
– Infrastructure challenges
– Currency challenges
25. Contemporary Approaches to IS
• IS is a multidisciplinary field
The study of information system deals with issues and insights contributed from technical and
behavioural disciplines
26. Contemporary Approaches to IS
• Technical approach
– Emphasizes mathematically based models
• Computer science theories of commutation ,data storage
• management science: models of DM and practices
• operations research: optimizing selected parameters of org.
• Behavioural approach
– Behavioural issues like strategic business integration, design
implementation, management
• Psychology: how decision makers use formal information
• Economics: how IS change the control and cost structures
• Sociology: how system affect individuals and groups
27. Contemporary Approaches to IS
• The sociotechnical systems
– Use of computer-based information systems in business firms
– Combines work of CS, management, and operating research
toward developing system solutions to real word problems
– Concerned with behavioural issues of development, use and
impact of IS
• main actors
– Suppliers of hardware and software
– Business firms
– Managers and employees
– Firm’s environment (legal, social, cultural context)
• Key: training, learning and planned change
28. Summary
• Technology usage, how it helps the business
• Globalization and it’s challenges
• Sociotechnical systems