This document discusses information systems and information system planning. It defines an information system as a collection of components that collect, process, store and provide output to complete business tasks. It then describes information system architecture as a conceptual blueprint that expresses the desired future structure of an organization's information systems. The document also discusses information engineering methodology, which uses a top-down approach to build data and process models. Finally, it notes the importance of information system planning at the enterprise level to support enterprise-wide computing through an information systems architecture.

2. Submitted by-
Ayushi Dubey
Class- M.sc (C.S.) 3th semester
Session-2018
Submitted to-
Prof. Mr. Yugal Sharma

3. Contents-
• What is an Information System?
• Information System Architecture.
• Information Engineering.
• Information System Planning.

4. An information system is a collection of interrelated
components that collect, process and store, and provide
as output the information needed to complete a business
task.
• Course registration system
• Online order system
• Online banking system
Examples of Information Systems-
What is an Information System?

5. Information System Architecture -
• An ISA is a “conceptual blueprint or plan that
expresses the desired future structure for information
systems in an organization”
• It provides a “context within which managers
throughout the organization can make consistent
decisions concerning their information systems”

6.  Benefits of ISA:-
▫ “Provides a basis for strategic planning of IS.
▫ Provides a basis for communicating with top
management and a context for budget decisions
concerning IS.
▫ Provides a unifying concept for the various
stakeholders in information systems.
▫ Communicates the overall direction for information
technology and a context for decisions in this area.
▫ Helps achieve information integration when systems
are distributed (increasing important in a global
economy).
▫ Provides a basis for evaluating technology options
(for example, downsizing and distributed processing)”.

7. Zachman ISA Framework components:-
Data-
The “What” of the information system.
Process-
The “How” of the information system.
Network-
The “Where” of the information system.
People-
Who performs processes and are the source and
receiver of data and information.
Events and Points in time-
When processes are performed.
Reasons-
Why: For events and rules that govern processing.

8. • Six roles or perspectives of the Data, Process and
Network components-
▫ Business scope (Owner)
▫ Business model (Architect)
▫ Information systems model (Designer)
▫ Technology model (Builder)
▫ Technology definition (Contractor)
▫ Information system (User)

10. Information Engineering -
• An Information Systems Architecture is developed by
IS planners following a particular methodology such
as Information Engineering.
• Or A formal methodology that is used to create and
maintain information systems.
• Starts with the Business Model and works in a Top-
Down fashion to build supporting data models and
process models for that business model.

11. Top-Down Planning:-
A methodology that attempts to gain a broad
understanding of the information system needs of the
entire organization

12. Information engineering-
 Information systems planning-
• Identify strategic planning factors (goals, CSFs,
problem areas)-
-IT vision
• Identify corporate planning objectives
-Information system architecture
• Develop enterprise model.
 Systems analysis
 Systems design
 Implementation

13. Planning
Design
Analysis
Implementation
Planning- Enterprise modeling
Analysis- Conceptual data modeling & part of logical
DB design
Design- Parts of both logical & physical DB design
Implementation- DB implementation

14. Information System Planning -
• Scope of IS is now the entire organization.
• Sometimes called “enterprise-wide” computing or
“Information Architecture”.
• Problem: isolated groups in an organization start their
own databases and it becomes impossible to find out
who has what information, where there are overlaps,
and to assess the accuracy of the information.

15. • To support enterprise-wide computing, there must be
enterprise-wide information planning.
• One framework for thinking about and planning for
enterprise-wide computing is an Information Systems
Architecture or ISA.
• Most organizations do NOT have such an
architecture.

16. Short-, medium-, and long-range plans-
• Short-range – the next year, the next budget period;
developing and operating current systems
• Medium-range – committing to development efforts
for applications that will take more than one year to
complete; meeting management’s current information
needs, projected into the future for as many years as
needed to complete them. This is what most
organizations call “Long-Range Planning.”
• Long-range planning – preparing for management’s
future information needs. These are not application
specific; they are investments in infrastructure; it is
creating an information architecture.