This document discusses the pentavalent vaccine, which protects against five diseases - hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b, diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis - in one vaccine. It notes that the vaccine is being used in 73 low-income countries to help protect millions of children from these diseases. The pentavalent vaccine requires three shots instead of nine individual shots, making it easier to administer. Studies have shown the vaccine to be highly effective at eliminating diseases like Hib meningitis. Since its introduction in 2001 with support from Gavi, the vaccine alliance, over 1 billion doses have been distributed. However, more work remains to be done to reach global coverage targets and ensure

1. REACH EVERY CHILD

2. Reach every child
PENTAVALENT VACCINE
1 vaccine to stop 5 diseases in 73 countries
October 2014

3. 1 FIVE DISEASES
threaten millions of people,
especially in the lowest-income countries

4. 5diseases
threaten the lives
and health of millions
Hepatitis B
Can cause liver cancer and cirrhosis
~ 600,000 deaths/year
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
Can cause bacterial meningitis, pneumonia
~ 200,000 child deaths/year
Diphtheria
Respiratory illness, can affect other organs
2,000–3,000 deaths/year
Tetanus
Causes seizures, fatal without treatment
2,000 child deaths/year*
Pertussis
Whooping cough
~ 200,000 child deaths/year
* Non-neonatal tetanus only.
Sources: www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/estimates/en/. www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_type/passive/en/
Pertussis photo credit: Janice Haney Carr l Hepatitis photo courtesy World Health Organization (WHO) l Other pictures courtesy of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

5. 5diseases
threaten the lives
and health of millions
Bad health means:
• Higher healthcare costs
• Less money for children’s education
• More time spent caring for sick children
• Lower productivity
• Weaker economy

6. THE PENTAVALENT VACCINE
1 vaccine
with unique advantages
• Protects against 5 diseases
• 3 jabs instead of 9
• Easy to introduce:
• 2 new antigens – hepatitis B and Hib –
combined with diptheria-tetanus-pertussis
vaccine in the same vial
• Saves time and money

7. A HIGHLY EFFECTIVE VACCINE
Pentavalent vaccine helped to eliminate Hib meningitis in Kenya (Kilifi district)
Hib incidence (per 100,000)
Source: Anthony Scott, Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellow in Clinical Science
KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme , Kilifi, Kenya, January 2014

8. A HIGHLY EFFECTIVE VACCINE
Hepatitis B prevalence before and after immunisation
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Before After
Taiwan Shanghai Rural China Gambia
%
Source: Dr Mark Kane. Compilation of data from several years found in:
Mast E, Mahoney F, Kane M, Margolis H. Hepatitis B vaccines In: Plotkin SA,
Orenstein WA, eds. Vaccines. 4th ed. Orlando, FL: WB Saunders Co.: 2003:299-337.

9. 2 THE JOURNEY
A compelling story that began in 2001

10. TOGETHER WE ARE STRONGER
Success involves all Vaccine Alliance partners
Implementing
countries
Donors
UNICEF
WHO
World
Bank
Research
institutes
Civil
society
Pharmaceutical
industry

11. PENTAVALENT INTRODUCTIONS: A PROMISE DELIVERED
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
Gavi-supported countries that introduced pentavalent independently of Gavi funding
73rd Gavi country,
South Sudan
193
million
children
vaccinated
3
million
future deaths
prevented
Kenya first country
to introduce with
Gavi support

12. INCREASING EQUITY, 2000–2014
Vaccine access in high- and low-income countries
% of countries
Hepatitis B Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 2014*
High-income countries Low-income countries
Source: The International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC) VIMS database. *As of 31 July 2014.
Note: only countries with universal national introduction are included.
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 2014*
High-income countries Low-income countries

13. MARKET POWER
In 2013, Gavi shipped
160 million doses
of pentavalent vaccine
~85%
of world demand
in 2013
> 1 billion since 2001
Note: refers to the diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis-Hib-hepatitis B
pentavalent vaccine. Number of doses shipped since 2001 includes
monovalent and tetravalent vaccines that contain the same antigens.
Source: UNICEF Supply Division

14. A HEALTHIER PENTAVALENT VACCINE MARKET
Increasing volumes, growing number of suppliers, reducing prices
Sources: UNICEF Supply Division 2014; country annual
progress reports 2012 (requested doses)

15. A SHARED RESPONSIBILITY
180 million US$
Developing countries contribute to the cost of their pentavalent vaccines
country co-financing
for pentavalent vaccine
2008–2013
10%
of the total cost of the vaccine
Source: Gavi data as of September 2014

16. 3 THE ROAD AHEAD
Reaching every child

17. SUCCESS TO DATE – AMBITIOUS GOALS
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
%
Pentavalent coverage in GAVI-supported countries increasing. But much more to be done.
Target: 77% by the
end of 2015
53% coverage in 2013
Source: WHO/UNICEF Estimates of National Immunization Coverage, 2014

18. Reach every child
“It is unacceptable to die of something that a
vaccine can prevent.
“As a government, we can’t rest until we reach all
Somali children and stop the death of children
who die from the lack of a simple vaccine.”
Dr Maryan Qasim, Minister of Human Development
and Public Services, Somalia
A woman closes her eyes as her baby is inoculated with the new pentavalent vaccine at Medina Mother
and Child Health Centre in Mogadishu, Somalia.
© UNICEF/NYHQ2013-0198/Holt