The circulatory system transports blood throughout the body using arteries, veins and capillaries that total over 60,000 miles in length. The heart pumps around 5 quarts of blood per minute, totaling around 2,000 gallons per day distributed throughout the body. Blood flows from the heart through arteries, into capillaries where nutrients and oxygen are exchanged, then into veins which return blood back to the heart.

1. The Circulatory System SBI3U

7. Types of Blood vessels Vessel Structure Function Diagram Artery Thick elastic walls Small circumference Transports blood AWAY from the heart Vein Thin, less elastic walls with valves Large circumference Transports blood TOWARDS the heart Capillary Very thin wall Smallest circumference Materials are exchanged between the blood and the body

8. Arteries and veins A. Cross-section B. Longitudinal section

9. Capillaries Walls of blood vessels are made up of cells called endothelial cells . The thin layer of endothelial cells allows diffusion to occur more rapidly.

10. Capillaries Red blood cells travel through the capillary in single file. Blood velocity is the slowest in capillaries

13. Varicose veins When valves don’t work properly

14. What is in blood? -red blood cells (erythrocyte)  carry oxygen -white blood cells (leucocytes)  part of the immune system -platelets  stop bleeding by clotting blood -plasma  contains nutrients like amino acids and glucose -water

15. The human heart

17. Cardiac Circulation

18. Cardiac Circulation

19. Comparing atria and ventricles Atria Ventricles Location Upper half of heart Lower half of heart Thick-ness Thinner walls (pumps blood to ventricles below) Thicker walls (pumps blood to lungs or to rest of the body)

21. The SA node and the AV node SA node = sinoatrial node AV node = atrioventricular node

24. Cardiovascular disease AORTIC ANEURYSM

25. Cardiovascular disease ATHEROSCLEROSIS

26. Treatments CORONARY BYPASS

27. Treatments ANGIOPLASTY & STENT

28. Mammalian Heart

29. Pericardium

30. Tricuspid Valve

31. Bicuspid Valve

32. Chordae Tendinae “the heart strings”

33. Prosthetic Valves