05 asteroids comets meteors
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The document describes a meteor that exploded over Russia's Ural Mountains in February 2013 with the force of an atomic bomb, injuring hundreds. It was estimated to be around 10 tons and entered the atmosphere at 54,000 kph. The document then provides information on meteoroids, meteors, and meteorites, describing their differences. It also discusses asteroids, noting their size range and that they are found in asteroid belts. Finally, it briefly touches on comets, their composition of rock, ice and gas, and how their tails form from solar radiation.
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COMETS,ASTEROIDS, AND METEORS
Comets are small icy objects with two tails made of gas and dust that formed over 4.6 billion years ago in the early solar system and have highly elliptical orbits. Asteroids are small rocky or metallic objects that orbit the sun, ranging in size from meters to hundreds of kilometers wide with irregular shapes and cratered surfaces. Meteors are streaks of light seen when meteoroids - space rocks or fragments that can be from comets, asteroids, moons or Mars - enter the Earth's atmosphere. Some meteoroids survive entry and land on Earth's surface as meteorites.
Comets, asteroids, and meteors
This document summarizes the key differences between comets, asteroids, and meteors. Comets originate from the Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud, are composed of ice and frozen gases, and have highly elliptical orbits. Asteroids originate from the Main Asteroid Belt between Mars and Jupiter, are composed of silicates and metals, and have more rounded orbits. Meteoroids enter Earth's atmosphere and become meteors as they burn up, with fragments that survive impact becoming meteorites. Studying the composition of comets, asteroids, and meteorites provides clues about the early solar system and impacts that affected Earth.
Science Project Asteroids Meteroids And Meteors
Meteorites are meteoroids that pass through Earth's atmosphere and hit the surface. Meteoroids come from comets or asteroids and produce streaks of light called meteors as they burn up in Earth's atmosphere. Asteroids revolve around the sun in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, and some asteroids come near Earth's orbit, posing an impact risk. A large asteroid impact 65 million years ago may have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs.
Comets, Asteroids, And Meteors Project 12
Comets are balls of ice and dust that develop tails when approaching the sun. They are leftovers from the formation of the universe. Asteroids are small rocky objects leftover from the formation of the solar system between Mars and Jupiter. Meteoroids become meteors as they burn up in Earth's atmosphere, and meteorites if they reach the ground. The difference is meteoroids travel in space until entering the atmosphere, meteors are what we see as "shooting stars", and meteorites reach the ground.
Comets, meteors, and asteroids
This document discusses comets, meteors, asteroids, and the moon. It provides details on their composition, sizes, orbits, and the potential effects of large impacts. A large comet impact would likely only injure humans, while the largest meteor ever could endanger humanity. The largest known asteroid impact 65 million years ago caused the extinction of dinosaurs. A second moon would result in bigger tides and more frequent solar eclipses.
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Asteroids are rocky objects that orbit the sun and are smaller than planets. Comets are made of ice and dust with elongated orbits around the sun, forming tails as they near the sun. Meteors enter Earth's atmosphere as meteorites and appear as "shooting stars", transitioning from meteoroid to meteor to meteorite. While both appear as streaks of light, comets remain stationary while meteors quickly streak across the sky.
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Recent advances in space technology have allowed scientists from different fields to collaborate on studying Near-Earth Objects like comets and asteroids. Both comets and asteroids provide clues about the origins of our solar system. Several asteroids have been discovered to come close to Earth in recent years, including Asteroid 2012 DA14 which had a very close approach in February 2012. Impacts from asteroids and comets have affected Earth in the past and could cause catastrophic effects if a large one collided with Earth, though such collisions are rare.
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Comets are small icy objects with two tails made of gas and dust that formed over 4.6 billion years ago in the early solar system and have highly elliptical orbits. Asteroids are small rocky or metallic objects that orbit the sun, ranging in size from meters to hundreds of kilometers wide with irregular shapes and cratered surfaces. Meteors are streaks of light seen when meteoroids - space rocks or fragments that can be from comets, asteroids, moons or Mars - enter the Earth's atmosphere. Some meteoroids survive entry and land on Earth's surface as meteorites.
Comets, asteroids, and meteors
This document summarizes the key differences between comets, asteroids, and meteors. Comets originate from the Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud, are composed of ice and frozen gases, and have highly elliptical orbits. Asteroids originate from the Main Asteroid Belt between Mars and Jupiter, are composed of silicates and metals, and have more rounded orbits. Meteoroids enter Earth's atmosphere and become meteors as they burn up, with fragments that survive impact becoming meteorites. Studying the composition of comets, asteroids, and meteorites provides clues about the early solar system and impacts that affected Earth.
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Meteorites are meteoroids that pass through Earth's atmosphere and hit the surface. Meteoroids come from comets or asteroids and produce streaks of light called meteors as they burn up in Earth's atmosphere. Asteroids revolve around the sun in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, and some asteroids come near Earth's orbit, posing an impact risk. A large asteroid impact 65 million years ago may have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs.
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Comets are balls of ice and dust that develop tails when approaching the sun. They are leftovers from the formation of the universe. Asteroids are small rocky objects leftover from the formation of the solar system between Mars and Jupiter. Meteoroids become meteors as they burn up in Earth's atmosphere, and meteorites if they reach the ground. The difference is meteoroids travel in space until entering the atmosphere, meteors are what we see as "shooting stars", and meteorites reach the ground.
Comets, meteors, and asteroids
This document discusses comets, meteors, asteroids, and the moon. It provides details on their composition, sizes, orbits, and the potential effects of large impacts. A large comet impact would likely only injure humans, while the largest meteor ever could endanger humanity. The largest known asteroid impact 65 million years ago caused the extinction of dinosaurs. A second moon would result in bigger tides and more frequent solar eclipses.
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Asteroids are rocky objects that orbit the sun and are smaller than planets. Comets are made of ice and dust with elongated orbits around the sun, forming tails as they near the sun. Meteors enter Earth's atmosphere as meteorites and appear as "shooting stars", transitioning from meteoroid to meteor to meteorite. While both appear as streaks of light, comets remain stationary while meteors quickly streak across the sky.
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Asteroids, Comets, and Meteors
Asteroids are rocky fragments that orbit the sun in ellipses, with the largest being Ceres. They are located mainly in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Comets are small icy bodies that have highly elliptical orbits, originating from the Oort Cloud beyond Pluto. They develop a coma and tail when near the sun due to sublimating ice. Famous comets include Halley's Comet which returns every 76 years and Comet Hale-Bopp which returns every 5-10 years. Meteoroids are small rocky bodies that burn up as meteors in Earth's atmosphere, with some remnants surviving as meteorites on the ground.
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This document discusses comets, asteroids, and meteors. Comets are dirty balls of ice that develop tails when passing near the sun. Asteroids are large chunks of rock and metal that orbit the sun. When asteroids and comet fragments enter Earth's atmosphere, they are called meteoroids. Most burn up and are seen as meteors, also known as shooting stars. If fragments survive entry and reach the ground, they are called meteorites. Large impacts from asteroids or comets in the past have created craters and possibly contributed to mass extinctions like the dinosaurs.
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Comets are small icy objects that orbit the sun and have tails made of dust and gas. When comets get close to the sun, their ice melts and forms tails. Asteroids are smaller than comets and are made of rock rather than ice. They orbit in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Meteoroids enter Earth's atmosphere and burn up, appearing as streaks of light called meteors. If they survive entry and hit the ground, they are called meteorites.
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Comets are chunks of ice and dust that orbit the sun in elongated elliptical orbits, with a nucleus and coma forming the head and a tail always pointing away from the sun. Asteroids are smaller rocky objects found predominantly in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Meteors are space rocks or dust that burn up as streaks of light upon entering Earth's atmosphere, with meteorites being those that survive impact with the surface.
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Between Mars and Jupiter lies the asteroid belt, home to rocky asteroids that orbit the sun. Comets are balls of ice and rocks that develop long tails as they near the sun due to warming and gas release. Meteoroids are small objects that orbit the sun and occasionally collide with celestial bodies like the moon, and meteors are meteoroids that burn up in a planet's atmosphere in a bright streak. Those that reach a planet's surface are called meteorites.
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Asteroids, comets, and meteoroids are small rocky or icy bodies that orbit the sun. Thousands of asteroids orbit in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Asteroids are remnants of early planet formation. Comets are composed of ice and dust and have highly elliptical orbits, forming tails as they near the sun due to heating. When meteoroids enter Earth's atmosphere, they burn up and are seen as meteors or shooting stars. Those that survive are called meteorites and sometimes leave impact craters. Analysis of meteorites provides clues about early solar system formation and even the origin of life.
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Asteroids are rocky and metallic objects that orbit the sun but are too small to be considered planets. They have diverse compositions and shapes, ranging from nearly spherical to very irregular. They are classified based on their composition as determined from spectral analysis and similarities to known meteorites. Asteroids can be found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, as well as in near-Earth orbits such as the Amor, Apollo, Aten, and Trojan groups.
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Comets and asteroids are remnants from the formation of the solar system. Comets originate from the Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud and are icy bodies, while asteroids originate from the Main Asteroid Belt and are rocky fragments. Both have irregular shapes and sizes ranging from 1-100 km. Comets have highly elliptical orbits with periods of 75 years to millions of years, while asteroids have more rounded orbits with periods of 1-100 years. When a meteoroid from space enters the atmosphere, it becomes a meteor or "shooting star"; any fragments that reach the ground are called meteorites.
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Asteroids orbit the sun and are smaller than planets but larger than meteoroids. They formed in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter but gravitational forces prevented them from forming a planet. Meteorites originate from asteroids and comets and survive atmospheric entry and impact, appearing as meteors and shooting stars. Ceres was the first asteroid discovered and is located in the asteroid belt, while asteroids can be classified based on their composition such as chondrites, achondrites, iron, and stony-iron meteorites.
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This document provides information about comets and asteroids. It defines a comet as a small solar system body that displays a coma and sometimes tail when close to the sun due to solar radiation. Comet nuclei range from hundreds of meters to tens of kilometers and are made of ice, dust, and small rocks. The document discusses how Edmond Halley correctly hypothesized that the comets of 1456, 1532, 1607 and 1682 were the same object, now known as Halley's Comet, and how it returns every 75-76 years. It also mentions that the impact of a 10km asteroid may have caused the extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago based on geological evidence.
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The document compares and contrasts comets and asteroids. It notes that comets are made of ice and dust while asteroids are made of rocks and metals. Comets form tails when passing through the inner solar system, while asteroids do not form tails. Comets typically have more elliptical and tilted orbits than asteroids and planets, and originate from the Kuiper Belt or Oort Cloud, while asteroids typically remain in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
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Asteroids are minor planets located mainly in the inner Solar System between Mars and Jupiter. They range greatly in size, from almost 1000 km for the largest down to rocks just tens of meters across. Asteroids are composed of various materials like rock, metal, and ice, with some like Ceres having a rocky core and icy mantle. They become darker and redder over time due to space weathering. Exploration of asteroids began with early probes imaging Phobos and Deimos in 1971, but their shapes and terrain were unknown until the age of space travel.
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Asteroids are rocky objects that orbit the Sun, mostly located in a belt between Mars and Jupiter. Their irregular shapes indicate they have not undergone geological processes like planets. Some large asteroids even have their own moons. Most meteorites originate from asteroids. Comets are icy objects that originate much further from the Sun in the Kuiper belt and Oort cloud. When heated as they approach the Sun, comets grow dust and plasma tails. Pluto and other large Kuiper belt objects are classified as dwarf planets rather than planets due to their small size and icy composition. Evidence suggests a large asteroid or comet impact was responsible for the mass extinction that killed the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
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This document discusses comets, asteroids, and meteors. Comets are dirty balls of ice that develop tails when passing near the sun. Asteroids are large chunks of rock and metal that orbit the sun. When asteroids and comet fragments enter Earth's atmosphere, they are called meteoroids. Most burn up and are seen as meteors, also known as shooting stars. If fragments survive entry and reach the ground, they are called meteorites. Large impacts from asteroids or comets in the past have created craters and possibly contributed to mass extinctions like the dinosaurs.
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Comets and asteroids are remnants from the formation of the solar system. Comets originate from the Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud and are icy bodies, while asteroids originate from the Main Asteroid Belt and are rocky fragments. Both have irregular shapes and sizes ranging from 1-100 km. Comets have highly elliptical orbits with periods of 75 years to millions of years, while asteroids have more rounded orbits with periods of 1-100 years. When a meteoroid from space enters the atmosphere, it becomes a meteor or "shooting star"; any fragments that reach the ground are called meteorites.
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Asteroids orbit the sun and are smaller than planets but larger than meteoroids. They formed in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter but gravitational forces prevented them from forming a planet. Meteorites originate from asteroids and comets and survive atmospheric entry and impact, appearing as meteors and shooting stars. Ceres was the first asteroid discovered and is located in the asteroid belt, while asteroids can be classified based on their composition such as chondrites, achondrites, iron, and stony-iron meteorites.
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This document provides information about comets and asteroids. It defines a comet as a small solar system body that displays a coma and sometimes tail when close to the sun due to solar radiation. Comet nuclei range from hundreds of meters to tens of kilometers and are made of ice, dust, and small rocks. The document discusses how Edmond Halley correctly hypothesized that the comets of 1456, 1532, 1607 and 1682 were the same object, now known as Halley's Comet, and how it returns every 75-76 years. It also mentions that the impact of a 10km asteroid may have caused the extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago based on geological evidence.
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Comets are small cosmic bodies composed of rock, dust, ice and frozen gases that orbit the sun in elongated orbits. They develop tails and comas as solar radiation causes particles to dissipate from the comet as they approach the sun. Asteroids are small rocky bodies that orbit the sun and are remnants of larger planetesimals. Meteoroids are smaller particles that orbit the sun and create visible meteors when entering Earth's atmosphere due to pressure.
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The document compares and contrasts comets and asteroids. It notes that comets are made of ice and dust while asteroids are made of rocks and metals. Comets form tails when passing through the inner solar system, while asteroids do not form tails. Comets typically have more elliptical and tilted orbits than asteroids and planets, and originate from the Kuiper Belt or Oort Cloud, while asteroids typically remain in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
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Asteroids are minor planets located mainly in the inner Solar System between Mars and Jupiter. They range greatly in size, from almost 1000 km for the largest down to rocks just tens of meters across. Asteroids are composed of various materials like rock, metal, and ice, with some like Ceres having a rocky core and icy mantle. They become darker and redder over time due to space weathering. Exploration of asteroids began with early probes imaging Phobos and Deimos in 1971, but their shapes and terrain were unknown until the age of space travel.
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Asteroids are rocky objects that orbit the Sun, mostly located in a belt between Mars and Jupiter. Their irregular shapes indicate they have not undergone geological processes like planets. Some large asteroids even have their own moons. Most meteorites originate from asteroids. Comets are icy objects that originate much further from the Sun in the Kuiper belt and Oort cloud. When heated as they approach the Sun, comets grow dust and plasma tails. Pluto and other large Kuiper belt objects are classified as dwarf planets rather than planets due to their small size and icy composition. Evidence suggests a large asteroid or comet impact was responsible for the mass extinction that killed the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
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What are shooting stars? Could a metor be what you are wishing on? meteors, m...
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Sepsis guidelines 2015
This document describes guidelines for the treatment of sepsis. It defines terms like sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. It describes the pathophysiology of sepsis including the role of the microcirculation. It outlines the sepsis management bundle which includes measuring lactate, administering antibiotics and fluids within 3 hours, and maintaining mean arterial pressure above 65 mmHg within 6 hours. It stresses the importance of optimizing both macrocirculation and microcirculation to prevent mitochondrial injury.
Biological Molecules Notes
There are two types of biological molecules: organic and inorganic. Organic molecules come from living things and contain carbon, while inorganic molecules like water and minerals are essential for cellular processes. The four main organic molecules are carbohydrates, which supply energy; lipids, which are found in cell membranes and store energy; proteins, made of amino acids to build and repair the body; and nucleic acids like DNA and RNA that contain sugars, phosphates, and nitrogen bases.
Anthrax Disease PPt.
The document discusses three types of anthrax - gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and cutaneous - defined by their transmission route. It also notes that anthrax is sometimes used in bioterrorism and that after 9/11, demand increased for the anthrax vaccine used by U.S. troops, but the sole supplier was failing to meet its contract with the military, causing a shortage. The most common type is cutaneous anthrax, which has the lowest mortality when treated with antibiotics.
Estações do ano
O documento descreve as quatro estações do ano - primavera, verão, outono e inverno - e suas características climáticas e atividades associadas. A primavera é quando a natureza floresce. No verão, as pessoas aproveitam as praias e férias. No outono, as folhas caem das árvores e esfria. No inverno, chove muito e pode nevar em alguns lugares.
Protista example organisms
The document describes characteristics of various protists from different supergroups, including that they cause illnesses like malaria, inhabit environments like oceans and intestines, use structures like flagella and pseudopods to move and feed, and play important ecological roles as primary producers or toxins.
Simple machines
This document defines and provides examples of six simple machines: lever, screw, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, and wedge. It explains that simple machines make work easier by changing the direction or amount of force needed, though they do not decrease the total work. Examples are given for each machine type to illustrate how they function and are used.
Anthrax
This document provides an overview of anthrax, including its history, epidemiology, causative organism, transmission, clinical manifestations, management, prevention and control. It notes that anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis spores and primarily affects herbivores. The most common form is cutaneous anthrax, which presents as a characteristic skin lesion. Treatment involves antibiotics like penicillin. Prevention strategies include vaccinating animals and properly disposing of infected carcasses.
Bacteria and archaea example organisms
The document describes several species from the three domains of life - Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. It discusses the unique characteristics and habitats of archaea such as Korarchaeum cryptofilum, methanogenic Methanococcus jannischii, and thermophilic Sulfolobus solfataricus. It also summarizes pathogenic bacteria including Salmonella enterica, Chlamydia trachomatis, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Actinomyces israelii. The smallest known photosynthetic organism, Prochlorococcus marinus, and antibiotic-producing Streptomyces griseus are also mentioned.
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The Mysteries of Space. Korkina Irina
This presentation was prepared and successfully used at the lessons during World Space Week 2013 by Korkina I.N., the teacher of English, Gymnasium 114, St.Petersburg, Russia.
Meteoroid opener
A short current event class opener for science, ESL, geography or social studies. It defines meteoroid, meteor,meteorite and bolide in reference to the meteor that exploded over the Ural mountains if Russia on 15 February 2013, with pictures, diagrams and map.
Meteor explosion
A large meteor exploded over Chelyabinsk, Russia on February 15, 2013, injuring over 1,000 people from the shock wave. Seismic and infrasound stations around the world detected waves from the explosion. The meteor was estimated to be 17 meters wide and weighed 10,000 tons, releasing energy equivalent to 300-500 kilotons of TNT upon entering Earth's atmosphere.
Astonishing Astronomy 101 – Chapters 14 and 15
This document summarizes information about the solar system and beyond. It discusses the reclassification of Pluto as a dwarf planet in 2006 based on its size and inability to clear its orbital neighborhood. It also describes the discovery of new moons around Pluto in 2005 and 2006. The document discusses other large trans-Neptunian objects like Eris, Sedna, and Quaoar. It provides information on comets, asteroids, meteoroids, and meteorites. It discusses theories on the origin of comets from the Oort cloud and Kuiper belt and describes comet tails and nucleus. The document summarizes crater formation from meteorite impacts and mass extinction events. It also discusses finding exoplanets using the radial velocity
G8-Science-Q2-Week-6-Compare-and-contrast-comets-meteors-and-asteroids-pptx.pptx
The document discusses comets, asteroids, and meteors. It describes comets as icy dirtballs that originate in the outer solar system and develop tails as they warm near the sun. Their tails can stretch for millions of kilometers and are made of dust or ionized gas. Asteroids are rocky fragments left over from the formation of the solar system and most orbit between Mars and Jupiter. Meteors are small rocky particles from asteroids and comets that burn up in Earth's atmosphere, and meteorites are meteors that survive atmospheric entry.
Eclipse and its types with asteroid comets and meteorites and black hole
This document presents information about eclipses, asteroids, comets, meteorites, and black holes. It discusses the history of eclipses dating back over 4000 years in China. It describes the two types of eclipses - lunar and solar eclipses. Asteroids are described as small planetary bodies that orbit the sun, ranging in size from 933km to only 6m in diameter. Comets contain an icy core with dust and release gas and particles as they orbit the sun. Meteorites are small pieces of debris from asteroids or comets that survive entering Earth's atmosphere. Black holes are regions with extremely strong gravitational fields that can absorb anything, even light.
Meteor Belt, Meteors, Asteroids, Near Earth Objects, Lesson PowerPoint and To...
Meteor Belt, Meteors, Asteroids, Near Earth Objects, Lesson PowerPoint and To...www.sciencepowerpoint.com
An asteroid is a rocky object that orbits the sun. A meteoroid is a small rocky object that enters Earth's atmosphere. Many burn up and become visible as meteors, or "shooting stars". Meteorites are objects that survive impact with Earth's surface. The document discusses asteroids, meteoroids, and meteorites, as well as notable impact events like the Tunguska event and Chelyabinsk meteor, and introduces the Torino scale for categorizing impact hazards from near-Earth objects.Origins of our solar system
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Final Project
This document contains information about meteors, meteorites, asteroids, and comets. It defines these terms and describes their differences. Meteoroids become meteors when entering Earth's atmosphere, and meteorites are meteors that survive impact with Earth's surface. Asteroids orbit the sun mainly between Mars and Jupiter. Comets have highly elliptical orbits and develop tails as they approach the sun due to sublimating ice. The document provides examples of meteor showers and observed fireballs.
FINAL project
1) The document discusses various celestial objects that orbit the sun including meteors, meteorites, asteroids, and comets. It provides definitions and descriptions of each object.
2) Key differences are outlined, such as meteoroids become meteors when entering the earth's atmosphere, and meteorites are meteors that survive impact and land on earth. Asteroids orbit mainly between Mars and Jupiter, while comets have more elliptical orbits and tails when near the sun.
3) Examples of significant meteors, asteroids, and comets are mentioned, including Comet Hale-Bopp which was exceptionally large and the longest observed comet.
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Meteorites by James
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Menace From Outer Space
Menace from asteroids, comets, and other debris from outer space to life and civilization on mother earth.
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Astronomy project#1
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Defending Earth From Asteroids
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Planets
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The solar wind2.pptx
The solar wind is composed of charged particles released from the sun's corona that are accelerated along the sun's magnetic field lines. The solar wind consists mainly of electrons and protons but also contains some heavier ions. It travels through the solar system at speeds from 150-750 km/s. The solar wind interacts with Earth's magnetic field, protecting us from some cosmic rays but also posing risks during geomagnetic storms caused by coronal mass ejections. Spacecraft such as DSCOVR and SOHO monitor the solar wind and its effects.
Solar system
The Sun is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma at the center of the Solar System. It provides most of the energy for life on Earth and consists mostly of hydrogen and helium. Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and has no atmosphere, resulting in large temperature fluctuations. Venus has a toxic atmosphere that causes a runaway greenhouse effect. Earth is the only known planet capable of harboring life and has nitrogen and oxygen in its atmosphere. Mars shares similarities to Earth but has a thin atmosphere incapable of retaining liquid water. Jupiter is the largest planet and has a strong magnetic field with numerous moons. Saturn is known for its iconic rings composed of ice and rock. Uranus orbits on its side and has blue-green
mission to mars
Mars One is planning a one-way mission in 2024 to colonize Mars with crews of four departing every two years. While Mars has similarities to Earth like polar ice caps and length of day, it poses challenges for human habitation including extreme cold, low atmospheric pressure, dust storms, and lack of liquid water. Long term, colonizing Mars could help ensure humanity's survival if Earth becomes uninhabitable when the expanding sun boils away our oceans in billions of years. However, establishing permanent settlements on Mars presents numerous technological and biological hurdles that must be overcome.
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17 stoichiometry
64 batteries will allow you to make 64 iPhones. The batteries are the limiting reagent.
Tang 04 periodic trends
1) Atomic radius generally increases down a group and decreases across a period due to shielding effects of additional electron shells and increasing nuclear charge, respectively.
2) Ionization energy generally increases down a group and across a period as it becomes increasingly difficult to remove an electron due to greater nuclear attraction from less shielding and more protons. Exceptions occur when removing an electron would destabilize a full shell.
3) Electronegativity generally increases across a period as the effective nuclear charge felt by valence electrons increases with fewer shielding shells and more protons.
Tang 02 wave quantum mechanic model
This document provides information on wave quantum mechanics and electron configurations. It discusses:
- Erwin Schrodinger's contributions to developing quantum mechanics and proposing the wave-like nature of electrons.
- How electrons occupy distinct energy levels and orbitals around the nucleus, rather than defined circular orbits. Electrons have wave-like properties.
- The shapes of s, p, d and f orbitals and how electrons fill these orbitals according to various principles like Aufbau and Hund's rule.
- Exceptions to the Aufbau principle seen in some elements.
- How to represent electron configurations using both energy level diagrams and shorthand notation.
23 gases
- Gases have negligible volume and molecules are far apart with mostly empty space between them. Gas molecules move randomly in straight lines and collide elastically.
- The kinetic molecular theory describes gas properties including high translational energy of gas molecules that move randomly in all directions.
- Pressure, volume, temperature of gases are directly or inversely related as described by Boyle's, Charles', and Gay-Lussac's laws and the combined gas law.
04 periodic trends v2
- Elements in the same group have similar properties due to having the same number of valence electrons. Atoms get smaller from left to right in a period as protons are added, and larger from top to bottom in a group as energy levels are added.
- Electronegativity, ionization energy, and electron affinity all generally increase from left to right across a period as the effective nuclear charge increases. Electronegativity also increases up a group as the distance from valence electrons to the nucleus decreases.
- Ionization energy increases from top to bottom within a group as it is easier to remove an electron from an atom with fewer energy levels. Electron affinity generally increases from left to right across a period and decreases
22 acids + bases
This document discusses acids and bases. It defines their key properties including reacting with metals, carbonates, conducting electricity, turning litmus paper colors, and neutralizing each other. It explains the theories of Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, and Lewis on acids and bases. It also covers acid-base reactions, indicators, pH, titrations, strong/weak acids and bases, and acid-base stoichiometry.
23 gases
Gases are composed of molecules that are far apart from each other and occupy the entire volume of their container. Gas molecules move randomly in straight lines and collide elastically with each other and the container walls. The kinetic molecular theory describes gases as having negligible intermolecular forces and volume. Pressure, volume, temperature of a gas are related by the combined gas law and ideal gas law. Gas calculations involve using stoichiometry, the ideal gas law, and gas laws like Boyle's, Charles', and Gay-Lussac's to determine volume, pressure, amount, or temperature changes.
22 acids + bases
The document discusses the key properties and reactions of acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions (H+) in water and bases as substances that produce hydroxide ions (OH-). Acids react with metals, carbonates, conduct electricity, turn litmus paper red, and neutralize bases. Bases conduct electricity, turn litmus paper blue, and neutralize acids. Theories of acids and bases including Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, and Lewis are explained. Strong and weak acids/bases, monoprotic/diprotic/triprotic acids, pH, titrations, and acid-base indicators are also covered.
22 solution stoichiometry new
This document provides an overview of solution stoichiometry and includes 3 sample problems demonstrating how to use a balanced chemical equation to solve for unknown quantities. The general steps are: 1) Write the balanced equation, 2) Convert given amounts to moles, 3) Use the mole ratio to calculate moles of the unknown, 4) Convert moles to the required unit. Sample Problem 1 calculates molar concentration of sulfuric acid. Sample Problem 2 determines the minimum volume of sodium carbonate needed. Sample Problem 3 calculates the mass of silver chromate precipitate formed.
21 water treatment
This document discusses water treatment processes including water softening. Water softening is a treatment process that uses chemicals to remove minerals like calcium and magnesium from hard water to make it softer. Acceptable concentrations of chemicals used in water treatment processes are also mentioned.
20 concentration of solutions
- Concentration can be expressed in several ways including mass/volume percent, mass/mass percent, volume/volume percent, parts per million (ppm), and molar concentration (mol/L).
- Mass/volume percent is the mass of solute divided by the volume of solution. Volume/volume percent is the volume of solute divided by the volume of solution.
- Mass/mass percent is the mass of solute divided by the mass of solution. Parts per million (ppm) and parts per billion (ppb) express very small concentrations.
- Molar concentration expresses the number of moles of solute per liter of solution and is the standard unit for expressing concentration in chemistry
22 acids + bases
This document discusses acids and bases according to several theories. It begins by describing the properties of acids, including reacting with metals and carbonates, conducting electricity, turning litmus paper colors, and neutralizing bases. It then discusses the properties of bases. The Arrhenius theory defines acids as substances that produce H+ ions in water and bases as those that produce OH- ions. However, this theory has limitations and does not account for all acids and bases. The Brønsted-Lowry theory broadens the definition to any substance that can donate or accept protons. Strong acids fully dissociate in water while weak acids only partially dissociate. The pH scale measures the concentration of H+ ions on a
19 solutions and solubility
The document discusses key concepts about solutions including:
- The components of a solution are a solvent and one or more solutes. Common solvents include water and gases.
- Factors that affect solubility and the rate of dissolving include temperature, agitation, and surface area of the solute. Increasing these factors generally increases solubility.
- Solutions can be classified as saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated depending on the amount of solute dissolved compared to the maximum amount possible at a given temperature.
- Solubility is also affected by properties of the solute molecules like polarity, charge, and size - more polar or charged molecules or smaller ions tend to be more soluble.
- Solub
18 percentage yield
The document discusses percentage yield and percentage purity calculations for chemical reactions. It provides an example calculation for percentage yield where 1.72g of ammonia is obtained from a reaction using 7.5g of nitrogen. The percentage yield is calculated to be 18.9%. An example is also given for calculating percentage purity of an impure iron pyrite sample where the purity is found to be 86.3%. Formulae for percentage yield and percentage purity are defined. Key steps like using stoichiometry and unit conversions are highlighted.
14 the mole!!!
The document discusses the mole concept in chemistry. It defines the mole as 6.022x10^23 particles, which is known as Avogadro's number. The mole can refer to individual atoms, molecules, ions or other particles. The document provides examples of how to calculate the number of particles or moles of a substance using the formula N=n×NA. It also discusses molar mass and how to calculate the mass of a substance using the formula m=n×M.
01 significant digits
This document discusses the rules for determining significant digits in measurements and calculations. It defines four main rules:
1. All non-zero digits are significant, as are zeros between non-zero digits.
2. Leading zeros are not significant.
3. Trailing zeros may or may not be significant, depending on whether a decimal is present.
4. In calculations, the answer should match the least number of significant digits in the input values.
It provides examples like 0.08006 having 4 significant digits, and 1000mL having 1 significant digit. The document also covers rounding rules and calculating volumes and perimeters based on measurements to the correct number of significant digits.
13 nuclear reactions
This document discusses isotopes and nuclear reactions. It defines isotopes as atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. It also describes how atomic mass is calculated based on isotope abundances. The document then discusses four types of nuclear reactions: fusion, fission, alpha decay, and beta decay. It provides examples of writing balanced nuclear equations and calculating half-life. Artificial transmutation and uses of nuclear technology like reactors and weapons are also summarized.
13 isotopes
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. Atoms of the same element can have different mass numbers depending on their number of neutrons. The atomic mass listed on the periodic table is an average that takes into account the relative abundances of each isotope of that element. Atomic mass calculations involve multiplying the mass and abundance percentage of each isotope and adding them together.
12 types of chemical reactions
This document defines and provides examples of different types of chemical reactions including synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, neutralization, and combustion reactions. Key aspects that determine the reaction type are whether reactants are elements, compounds, or if oxygen is involved. The position of elements in the periodic table also provides clues about reactivity in displacement reactions.
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Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
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“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1
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GraphSummit Singapore | Enhancing Changi Airport Group's Passenger Experience...
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GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 days
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20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
05 asteroids comets meteors
- 1. 1
- 2. Meteors, Asteroids, & Comets 2
- 3. Feb 15, 2013 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36MEsWC1Pzc
- 4. Feb 15, 2013 MOSCOW—A meteor streaked through the sky and exploded Friday over Russia's Ural Mountains with the power of an atomic bomb, its sonic blasts shattering countless windows and injuring hundreds of people. The spectacle deeply frightened thousands, with some elderly women declaring the world was coming to an end. The meteor — estimated to be about 10 tons — entered the Earth's atmosphere at a hypersonic speed of at least 54,000 kph (33,000 mph) and shattered about 30-50 kilometres (18-32 miles) above the ground, the Russian Academy of Sciences said in a statement.
- 6. Feb 15, 2013 Area of impact
- 7. Feb 15, 2013
- 8. Feb 15, 2013
- 9. Feb 15, 2013
- 10. Feb 15, 2013
- 11. Feb 15, 2013
- 12. Feb 15, 2013
- 13. Feb 15, 2013 “A suspected meteorite fragment may have made this hole in a lake in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia.”
- 14. Feb 15, 2013
- 15. Feb 15, 2013
- 16. Feb 15, 2013
- 17. Meteoroids, Meteors and Meteorites Meteoroid – a piece of rock moving through space (smaller than asteroids, likely rocky chunks that have broken off of asteroids and planets)
- 18. Meteoroids, Meteors and Meteorites ... What is this a picture of?
- 19. Meteoroids, Meteors and Meteorites Meteor – a meteoroid that enters Earth’s atmosphere and burns up (Shooting stars are meteors)
- 20. Meteoroids, Meteors and Meteorites Meteorite – a meteoroid that passes through Earth’s atmosphere and reaches the ground without burning up.
- 21. Asteroids • An object that ranges in size from approx. 1km to 50km wide • Found in the asteroid belts
- 22. Asteroid and Meteorite Impacts 65 Million Years Ago – an asteroid the size of a mountain struck the Earth, some scientists believe this caused a mass extinction of thousands of species
- 24. Asteroid and Meteorite Impacts Vredefort Crater -largest and oldest crater -South Africa -diameter = 250 km -2 billion years old
- 25. Asteroid and Meteorite Impacts Manicouagan Crater -fifth largest crater -Quebec, Canada -diameter = 70 km -212 million years old
- 26. Asteroid and Meteorite Impacts Clearwater Craters -two lake-filled craters -Quebec, Canada -diameter = 32 km (West crater) & 22 km (East crater) -290 million years old
- 27. Asteroid and Meteorite Impacts Chicxulub Crater -third largest crater -Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico (mostly underwater) -diameter = 170 km (size of a small city) -65 million years old (time of extinction of the dinosaurs)
- 28. Asteroid and Meteorite Impacts June 30th, 1908 – an object hit in Siberia and destroyed an area larger than the whole city of Kingston Ontario
- 29. Comets An object composed of rocky material, ice, and gas which orbits the sun. Has 2 tails – one of gas/water vapour, and one of dust.
- 30. Comets The radiation from the Sun releases gases and particles in the comet and the tails form.
Editor's Notes
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bst48wcpHK4 (Last day of the dinosaurs) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ffhp3COlgY (strangest things about the universe – Not related to lesson, but I didn’t know where to copy the link)
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36MEsWC1Pzc
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBvotWfR3j4
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBvotWfR3j4
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBvotWfR3j4
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBvotWfR3j4
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBvotWfR3j4
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBvotWfR3j4
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBvotWfR3j4
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBvotWfR3j4
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBvotWfR3j4
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBvotWfR3j4
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBvotWfR3j4
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBvotWfR3j4
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBvotWfR3j4
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBvotWfR3j4
- Meteor that “made” the dinosaurs: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xox5phBB-Ig (Dino meteor – Part 1) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_5MU8ZQN-E (Dino meteor – Part 2) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tLXpIev71OM (Dino meteor – Part 3) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tl4ZUkL-3U8 (Dino meteor – Part 4) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TfB8kU8mqGI (what if a large meteor hits the earth)