Bacteria and archae example organisms
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This document describes several types of bacteria, including their habitats, characteristics, and impacts on human health. Halococcus dombrowskii can grow in high salt concentrations and is a facultative anaerobe. Escherichia coli is commonly found in warm-blooded intestines but some strains can be pathogenic. Methanopyrus kandleri survives at up to 122 degrees Celsius in hydrogen-carbon dioxide rich environments, converting it to methane. Nitzschia kerguelensis thrives in cold waters down to -6 degrees Celsius and some tolerate high salt concentrations.
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Anthrax ..
1) Anthrax is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It can cause serious illness in humans and animals.
2) There are three main types of anthrax disease in humans - cutaneous, inhalation, and gastrointestinal. Cutaneous anthrax is the most common, usually occurring after exposure to infected animals or contaminated products.
3) Anthrax bacteria produce toxins that are major virulence factors. The anthrax toxins are composed of three proteins that combine to cause tissue damage and edema.
4) Diagnosis involves lab tests of samples from lesions, blood, or sputum to identify B. anthracis. Treatment involves antibiotics such as
Anthrax
Bacillus anthracis is the etiologic agent that causes the zoonotic disease anthrax. It forms spores that can survive in soil for decades and become activated when they enter the body. There are three main forms depending on route of entry: cutaneous (skin), inhalational (lungs), and gastrointestinal (ingestion). Symptoms vary but can include lesions, fever, vomiting and respiratory distress. Transmission occurs through contact with infected animals/products or inhaling spores. Treatment involves antibiotics like ciprofloxacin or doxycycline for 7-60 days. Prevention involves proper animal product handling, hygiene and immunization of high risk groups.
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis es la bacteria que causa el ántrax. Se transmite a humanos a través del contacto con animales infectados o suelo contaminado. Produce esporas resistentes y toxinas que evaden el sistema inmunitario. La vacunación es efectiva para prevenir la infección en humanos y animales.
Archaebacteria
Archaea are a domain of single-celled microorganisms that are distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes. They can live in extreme environments and have unique cell structures and metabolic pathways. There are two main phyla of Archaea - Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Crenarchaeota includes thermophilic and acidophilic species, while Euryarchaeota is more diverse and includes methanogens, halophiles, and other extremophiles. Archaea play important ecological roles and their unique features make them useful for biotechnology applications.
Fungi examples
This document provides information on 20 different types of fungi, including their scientific names, where they are found, what organisms they interact with, and interesting facts. Some fungi discussed are edible mushrooms, while others are pathogens that infect plants or animals. The fungi have a variety of structures and life cycles, and several are used in food, research, or have cultural significance.
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis is the bacterium that causes anthrax. It is an aerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacillus. Anthrax spores can survive in soil for years and infect animals that ingest the spores. Humans can become infected through contact with infected animals or inhaling anthrax spores. There are three main types of anthrax in humans - cutaneous, pulmonary, and intestinal. Cutaneous anthrax causes skin lesions, pulmonary anthrax causes infection in the lungs after inhaling spores, and intestinal anthrax results from consuming infected meat. Laboratory diagnosis involves examining samples under microscopy, culturing on selective media, and animal inoculation. Anthrax is treated with antibiotics
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Bacteria and archae example organisms
- 2. Halococcus dombrowskii This bacteria is found in areas with very high salt concentrations, and can grow aerobically or anaerobically, meaning they are facultative anaerobes.
- 3. Escherichia coli This is a gram-negative organism, and is commonly found in the intestines of warm-blooded organisms. Most E. coli strains are harmless, but some can be fatal.
- 4. Methanopyrus kandleri This bacteria can survive and reproduce in temperatures as high as 122 degrees Celsius. It lives in environments that have a lot of hydrogen- carbon dioxide and reduces it to methane so it can be used by other organisms.
- 5. Nitzschia kerguelensis These organisms are usually found in cooler waters, and have even been seen to strive in temperatures as low as -6 degrees Celsius. Some of them even have very high tolerances to salt, because they have discovered species living in Makgadikgadi Pan, Botswana, which is a large salt pan.
- 6. Thermoplasma acidophilum This organism is a heterotrophic prokaryote. It is said to be "among the most acidophilic organism known.” It grows in high temperatures and a very low pH.
- 7. Thermococcus celer This organism requires high temperatures to live and thrive, as well as sulfur. It is an obligate anaerobe.
- 8. Rickettsia prowazekii This gram-negative, parasitic bacteria is most commonly found in the feces of lice. The bacteria usually has two hosts throughout its life, a vertebrate and an invertebrate.
- 9. Bifidobacterium dentium This bone-shaped gram- positive bacteria that is also an opportunistic pathogen. It is an obligate anaerobe.
- 10. Clostridium difficile This is a gram-positive bacteria that causes severe diarrhea along with other intestinal issues when other bacteria in your gut have been killed by antibiotics. This bacteria can lead to severe inflammation of the colon.
- 11. Bacillus cereus This is a gram-positive bacteria that is commonly found in the ground. Some strains of this bacteria can cause foodborne illness, while others are beneficial. It is the cause of “Fried Rice Syndrome,” which is basically just food poisoning in rice because it has sat in room temperature too long.
- 12. Nodularia armorcia This is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria. It tends to live in salinic waters, and has even been found in the Makgadikgadi Pans. This bacteria occasionally causes heavy algal blooms.
- 13. Chlamydia trachomatis This is a pathogen in humans that causes many problems, such as infertility and infections in the eye. In women, it can cause pelvic inflammatory disease, as well as many other things.
- 14. Treponema pallidum This bacteria causes many diseases such as syphilis, beiel, pinta, and yaws. The organism is too thin to be seen under a light microscope.
- 15. Halobacterium salinarum This organism is extrememly halophilic and gram- negative. It is found in salted fish, hides, saltern lakes, and many other areas with very high salt concentrations. It can also be found in high- sodium foods, like salt pork and sausages.
- 16. Rhizobium leguminosarum Rhizobium leguminosarum was the first species of Rhizobium to be identified in 1889. The name Rhizobium means “root of life.” It is a soil bacteria that requires a plant host to take part in notrogen fixation.