Mars One is planning a one-way mission in 2024 to colonize Mars with crews of four departing every two years. While Mars has similarities to Earth like polar ice caps and length of day, it poses challenges for human habitation including extreme cold, low atmospheric pressure, dust storms, and lack of liquid water. Long term, colonizing Mars could help ensure humanity's survival if Earth becomes uninhabitable when the expanding sun boils away our oceans in billions of years. However, establishing permanent settlements on Mars presents numerous technological and biological hurdles that must be overcome.

1. Prepared By
Hassan Abid Butt
Hassan Malik
Sarowar Masoom

2.  Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the
second smallest planet in the Solar System
 Named after the Roman god of war
 it is often described as the "Red Planet" because
the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it
a reddish appearance

3. First Air shuttle sent to Mars by Soviet Union

4. Mars One is planning on sending a group of people to colonize the planet
on a one-way mission in 2024.
Human Settlement on Mars MarsOne will establish a permanent human
settlement on Mars. Crews of four will depart every two years, starting in
2024. Our first unmanned mission will be launched in 2018. Join the Global
Mars One Community and participate in our mission to Mars designed a
mission using only existing technology. In the coming years, a demonstration
mission, communication satellites, two rovers and several cargo missions
will be sent to Mars. A reliable living environment will be waiting for the
astronauts when they leave Earth. These astronauts are carrying out their
training from years that hoe to land on mars and they are also provided
with the same man made environment as mars so that they should get use
to it.

5. Earth won't always be fit for occupation. We know that in two billion
years or so, an expanding sun will boil away our oceans, leaving our
home in the universe uninhabitable—unless, that is, we haven't already
been wiped out by the Andromeda galaxy, which is on a multibillion-year
collision course with our Milky Way. Moreover, at least a third of
the thousand mile-wide asteroids that hurtle across our orbital path will
eventually crash into us, at a rate of about one every 300,000 years.

6. Indeed, in 1989 a far smaller asteroid, the impact equivalent in force to 1,000 nuclear
bombs, crossed our orbit just six hours after Earth had passed.
.Many of the threats that might lead us to consider off-Earth living arrangements are
.
actually man-made, and not necessarily in the distant future. The amount we consume
each year already far outstrips what our planet can sustain, and the World Wildlife
Fund estimates that by 2030 we will be consuming two planets' worth of natural
resources annually.
The dinosaurs died out because they were too stupid to build an adequate spacefaring
civilization," says Tihamer Toth-Fejel, a research engineer at the Advanced Information
Systems division of defence contractor General Dynamics and one of 85 members of
the Lifeboat Foundation's space-settlement board. "So far, the difference between us
and them is barely measurable." The Alliance to Rescue Civilization, a project started
by New York University chemist Robert Shapiro says we must prepare a copy of our
civilization and move it into outer space and out of harm's way—a backup of our
cultural achievements and traditions.

7. Why Mars????
Nitrogen: 78%
Oxygen: 21 %
Argon: 0.9%
Water: > 1%
Carbon Doxide: 0.002%
Carbon Doxide: 95.%
Nitrogen: 3%
Argon: 2%
Oxygen: 0.1%
Water: > 0.03%
: Constituents

8. Similarities with Earth
Polar Ice Caps – Mars has both North and South polar ice caps, much like Earth. Also
like Earth, both ice caps are made mostly of frozen water. With so much water frozen
in the ice caps of Mars, some scientists think that life could have once existed there.
Length of a Year – Mars is not much farther from the Sun than Earth. As a result, a
typical year on Mars is one year and 320 days
Length of a Day – While a year on Mars might be almost twice as long as a year on
Earth, the length of a day there is almost identical. A Martian day is 24 hours and 39
minutes long, less than an hour longer than the earth.
Seasons – Mars has seasons like Earth too. These seasons are much longer than Earth
seasons because Mars is so much farther from the sun. the average high during a
Martian summer day is 23 degrees F (-5 degrees C)
The both planets is a terrestrial planet which made up of rock and metal
has the same internal structure. The both planets have an inner core of
metal surrounded by a mantle of rock. A thin crust covers the mantle.

9. Differences Between Earth and Mars
Earth Characteristic Mars
12,756 km Size of Planet 6,794
365.25 Days Length of Year 687 Days
24 hours Length of Day 24 hours, 37 minutes
One: Luna Moons Two: Phobos and Deimos
78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen,
and other gases
Atmosphere 95% Carbon Dioxide, 0.13% Oxygen,
and other gases
Clouds, Wind, Rain,
Thunderstorms, Hurricanes
Weather Wind, Dust storms, Ice, Clouds, Fog
23.5o Axis Tilt 25.2o
149, 597, 891 km Average Distance from The Sun 227, 936, 637 km
-88oC Minimum Surface Temperature -87oC
58oC Maximum Surface Temperature -87oC
Grand Canyon Deepest Canyon Valles Marineris
Mauna Loa (Hawaii) Largest Volcano Olympus Mons
5.9737 x 1024 kg Mass 6.4185 x 1023 kg
Rocky, Sandy and some fertile
soil containing organic
material.
Soil Mostly rocky and sandy. Some areas
appear to have frozen water in soil.
No known organic material.

10. Mars is athe most like Earth of all the planets in the solar system, it's a wonderful
place to explore, especially with augmented reality vision.But it is not at all Earth
like now
Because.
1. Cold
center of Antarctica in winter is cold, not the best of places to set up home? Well
Mars is far colder. close to the equator, typical night time temperatures are -70
°C.It also drops below -100 °C. It is often cold enough for the CO2 in the
atmosphere to freeze out as dry ice. A human couldn't survive those
temperatures without technology.
It gets warm at midday and go over 0 °C.

11. 2. Vacuum
Mar’s atmosphere is so thin that human would need to put on a
2. Vacuum
Mar’s atmosphere is so thin that human would need to put on a spacesuit to
survive the low pressure The pressure is so low, your saliva and the moisture
coating the interior of your lungs would boil. The average Mars surface
pressure is well below the 6% Armstrong limit which absolutely is the limit for
human survival.. A leak in your spacesuit would kill you quickly. No oxygen to
speak of either.
Every Martian summer, roughly every two Earth years, you get a higher chance
of global dust storms. These can last for weeks, and the light from the sun
drops by over 99%. Here is a photo showing progression of a dust storm as
seen by Opportunity.
During the dust storms, then artificial light is needed in middle of the day to
grow crops, and you won't be able to see anything. Solar power won't work.
spacesuit to survive the low pressure The pressure is so low, your saliva
and moisture coating the interior of your lungs would boil. The
average Mars surface pressure is well below the 6% Armstrong limit
which absolutely is the limit for human survival.. A leak in your spacesuit
would kill you quickly. No oxygen to speak of either.
Every Martian summer, roughly every two Earth years, you get a higher
chance of global dust storms. These can last for weeks, and the light
from the sun drops by over 99%. Here is a photo showing progression of
a dust storm as seen by Opportunity.
.

12. There is no signs of liquid water for
drinking
And the air is so much polluted
with iron and dust that people cant
breath normally

13. In the distant future, Earth will no longer be able to sustain life. The sun provides the
heat and energy needed for life -- but it has a lifespan. As it gets closer to its death, the
sun will enter its red giant phase and expand to approximately 100 times its current
size. At that size, it would engulf Venus [source: Britannica]. Whether it will swell large
enough to consume Earth is debatable. But even if it doesn't, the sun will boil away all
water and heat the surface past liveable conditions. So what are our options? Move to
Mars?
Sun is About 4.6 to 5 billion years old halfway through its life. Scientists predict it won't
begin to burn out (and expand) for another 3 billion years [source: Britannica]. In the
meantime, our planet faces other uncertainties. With any number of catastrophes in
the past, present and future such as the Ice Age, global warming or asteroid strikes, life
on Earth is fragile. So maybe colonizing Mars isn't such a bad idea. Setting up a colony
on Mars could potentially expand our reach into space, and give us an option for
sustaining life. But their will be a lot of probs for humans on mars but we have to
overcome them as
Problems are not the stop line they are the guidelines (Robert H.Schuller)

14. http://www.mars-one.com/#sthash.c99BlCnq.dpuf
http://www.mars-one.com/#sthash.c99BlCnq.dpuf
http://disinfo.com/2011/08/after-earth-where-will-humanity-go/