This document summarizes recent developments in drilling technology, including continuous circulating systems, managed pressure drilling, dual gradient systems, casing while drilling, solid expandable tubulars, high angle/extended reach drilling, integrated hole quality monitoring, rotary steering systems, torque and drag management, and flexible rig technologies. It provides definitions, diagrams, and examples for each technology.

1. DrillingDrilling TechnologyTechnology
Recent Development
Presented by:Presented by:
Anung H. Prabawa (Mesin UI 93)Anung H. Prabawa (Mesin UI 93)
Faried Rudiono (Mesin ITB 76)Faried Rudiono (Mesin ITB 76)
1818--SeptemberSeptember--20062006
FTUI DepokFTUI Depok

2. OutlineOutline
• Continuous Circulating System
• Managed Pressure Drilling
• Dual Gradient System
• Casing While Drilling
• Solid Expandable Tubular
• High Angle/Extended Reach Drilling
• Integrated Hole Quality
• 3D Rotary Steering System
• Torque and Drag management
• Flex Rig Technology

3. Continuous CirculationContinuous Circulation SystemSystem
Source: Varco
Definition:Definition:
A system that enables continuous circulation of mud throughout tA system that enables continuous circulation of mud throughout thehe
drilling processdrilling process –– including making & breaking drill pipe connections.including making & breaking drill pipe connections.
Benefits
• Continuous ECD control
• Eliminates circulation time before and after making connections
• Continuous drill cuttings transport
• Eliminates re-drilling of settled cuttings & debris after making connections
BHP (psi) = 0.052 x MW (ppg) x TVD (ft) + Annular Friction Pressure
Mud hydrostatic pressure
ECD = EMW (ppg) + Annular Friction PressureECD = EMW (ppg) + Annular Friction Pressure
(Equivalent ppg)(Equivalent ppg)

4. Continuous Circulation SystemContinuous Circulation System
Source: Varco
Saver Sub
on Top Drive
Box End of
Last Stand
9” Bore
BOP Pipe Rams
From
Standpipe
Create Pressure Chamber Around ConnectionCreate Pressure Chamber Around Connection Fill and Equalize Chamber with MudFill and Equalize Chamber with Mud
Torque
Cylinders
Break Drill Pipe ConnectionBreak Drill Pipe Connection
1 2
3 4
Snubber
Cylinders
Force from
Mud Pressure
Break Drill Pipe ConnectionBreak Drill Pipe Connection

5. Source: Tesco
Continuous Circulation SystemContinuous Circulation System
Isolate Pin for RemovalIsolate Pin for Removal
Open Upper Slips & Ram to Remove Pin ConnectionOpen Upper Slips & Ram to Remove Pin Connection
Drain Stand & Upper CavityDrain Stand & Upper Cavity
Drain to Mud
System
7
65

6. Managed Pressure DrillingManaged Pressure Drilling TechnologyTechnology
Source: Signa
•IADC Definition:
MPD is and adaptive drilling process used to precisely control the annular
pressure profile throughout the wellbore.
•Key Driver:
More than 50% prospect are currently undrillable using conventional drilling
methods.
Conventional Drilling MPD
By re-directing
flow through a
choke and
controlling it’s
opening a
backpressure is
imposed down
the hole

7. MPDMPD –– Managing Wellbore Pressure & Hydraulic ModelingManaging Wellbore Pressure & Hydraulic Modeling
Wellbore Pressure = Choke Pressure + Hydrostatic Pressure
+ Frictional Pressure Loss
Hydrostatic Pressure is created by fluid column gravity and is a
function of fluid mixture density and TVD.
Friction Pressure Loss is caused by friction between fluid(s) and well / pipe
wall, and is affected by many parameters.
Choke Pressure is managed by adjusting choke.
How to Manage Wellbore Pressure?
Why Hydraulic Modeling?
1). Select proper circulation fluid(s)
2). Design optimal circulation rate(s).
3). Provide sufficient hole cleaning.
4). Maintain desired wellbore pressure.
5). Handle formation influx/lost circulation

8. MPDMPD –– Technique SelectionTechnique Selection
Source: Signa
Flow Chart

9. MPDMPD –– Basic Flow PathsBasic Flow Paths
Source: Signa
Conventional Drilling
Managed Pressure Drilling

10. MPDMPD –– Mud Cap OperationsMud Cap Operations
Source: Signa
Continuous DP injection while drilling
Placing a “Mud Cap” in the casing-drill
pipe annulus
Drilling blind – No returns at surface –
Annulus is closed

11. Dual Gradient DrillingDual Gradient Drilling TechnologyTechnology
Source: Subsea Mudlift Drilling
BHP = 0.052 x (RKB)’ x MW BHHP = 0.052 x ((RKB-WD)’ x MW + WD’ x 8.6ppg)
Subsea
Rotating
Device Seabed
Pump
Mud
Return
Line
““DGDDGD”” Drilling refers to drilling where mud returnsDrilling refers to drilling where mud returns DO NOTDO NOT go through ago through a
conventional, largeconventional, large--diameter, drilling riser. Instead the returns move from thediameter, drilling riser. Instead the returns move from the
seafloor to the surface through one or more smallseafloor to the surface through one or more small -- diameter pipe(s) separate fromdiameter pipe(s) separate from
the drillpipe.the drillpipe.

12. MW#1 ppg
MW#2 ppg
Dual Gradient Drilling TechnologyDual Gradient Drilling Technology
Single Gradient WellsSingle Gradient Wells
•• Wellbore contains aWellbore contains a
single density fluidsingle density fluid
•• Single pressureSingle pressure
gradientgradient
Dual Gradient WellDual Gradient Well
•• Wellbore feels seawaterWellbore feels seawater
gradient to the seafloor,gradient to the seafloor,
and mud gradient toand mud gradient to
bottombottom
Pressure, psi
D
e
p
t
h
f
t
Seafloor @ 10,000’
Seawater HSP

13. Dual Gradient
Heavier Mud w/
Seawater Above
Mudline
Same
Bottom Hole
Pressure
Single
Mud
Weight
Conventional
Single vs. Dual-Gradient Mud Systems
From the perspective of the well, there is no mud above the
mudline in a dual-gradient system!

14. Casing While DrillingCasing While DrillingTechnologyTechnology
The use of a casing as a direct drill string, instead of a conventional drill
pipe

15. Casing While DrillingCasing While Drilling –– BHABHA
Source: SPE/IADC

16. Casing While DrillingCasing While Drilling –– Logging TechniqueLogging Technique
Source: SPE/IADC

17. Casing While DrillingCasing While Drilling –– Drive SystemDrive System
Source: Tesco
Animation

18. Casing While DrillingCasing While Drilling –– UnderbalancedUnderbalanced
13 3/813 3/8””
9 5/89 5/8””
7 5/87 5/8””
55””
PrePre--19901990
ConventionalConventional
13 3/813 3/8””
9 5/89 5/8””
7 5/87 5/8””
55””
19901990 --19941994
ConventionalConventional
w/ comminglingw/ commingling
33 ½”½”
13 3/813 3/8””
9 5/89 5/8””
7 5/87 5/8””
19941994 –– 20002000
TubinglessTubingless
55 ½”½”
33 ½”½”
13 3/813 3/8””
9 5/89 5/8””
7 5/87 5/8””
20002000 -- 20012001
TubinglessTubingless
w/ extreme depletionw/ extreme depletion
7 5/87 5/8””
55”” w/2 7/8w/2 7/8”” tbgtbg
1616””
1111 ¾”¾”
9 5/89 5/8””
ConventionalConventional
w/ depletionw/ depletion
19941994
33 ½”½”
10 3/410 3/4””
7 5/87 5/8””
5 1/25 1/2””
20022002 –– presentpresent
UB DWCUB DWC
Design EvolutionDesign Evolution
Source: SPE Gulf Coast 3rd Symposium

19. Casing While DrillingCasing While Drilling –– UnderbalancedUnderbalanced
1313
33//88””
99
55//88””
77 55//88””
55 ½”½”
33 ½”½” X 2X 2 77//88””
depleteddepleted
high pressurehigh pressure
Virgin pressureVirgin pressure
Bore hole stabilityBore hole stability
55””
Virgin pressureVirgin pressure
22 77//88””
Source: SPE Gulf Coast 3rd Symposium
Conventional New Well vs. UBConventional New Well vs. UB--DWC ReDWC Re--entryentry
2020””
55 ½”½”
22 77//88””
depleteddepleted
virgin (tight)virgin (tight)
depleteddepleted
55 ½”½”
33 ½”½” x 2x 2 77//88””
virginvirgin
fault zonefault zone11 ¾”
1313 33//88””
99 55//88””
77 55//88””
1313 33//88””
99 55//88””
7755//88””
Conventional Tubingless vs. UBConventional Tubingless vs. UB--DWCDWC -- New WellNew Well
First application – 50% cost of new
well. MW 17.0 ppg vs. 15.8 ppg.
Slim design. Eliminated 2 liners. MW
17.5 vs. 13.5 ppg.

20. Solid ExpandableSolid Expandable TechnologyTechnology
F or
P * in 2
μ
σy
ID pret
OD pre
OD post
σy
ID
post
Permanently expanding the pipe through the cold workingPermanently expanding the pipe through the cold working
process downhole.process downhole.
Source: EnventureAnimation

21. Solid Expandable TechnologySolid Expandable Technology –– Open HoleOpen Hole
Source: EnventureAnimation

22. Solid Expandable TechnologySolid Expandable Technology –– Open HoleOpen Hole
GOM Deep WaterGOM Deep Water Onshore South TexasOnshore South Texas
Source: Enventure

23. Solid Expandable TechnologySolid Expandable Technology –– Cased HoleCased Hole
Source: EnventureAnimation 1 Animation 2

24. Solid Expandable TechnologySolid Expandable Technology –– Cased HoleCased Hole
Source: Enventure

25. We are talking about wells in the 45We are talking about wells in the 45°° range and aboverange and above
•• Includes extended reach & horizontal wellsIncludes extended reach & horizontal wells
•• The drivers for this definition are:The drivers for this definition are:
Change in cuttings bed behaviorChange in cuttings bed behavior
Effects ofEffects of wellborewellbore stabilitystability
High Angle DrillingHigh Angle Drilling

26. WhatWhat’’s different about high angle drilling?s different about high angle drilling?
•• Hole cleaning practicesHole cleaning practices
•• Cuttings bed behaviorCuttings bed behavior
•• WellboreWellbore stabilitystability
•• Torque and drag issuesTorque and drag issues
•• Hole condition monitoringHole condition monitoring
•• HydraulicsHydraulics
•• ECD managementECD management
•• Drill string designDrill string design
•• BHA designBHA design
•• Negative weightNegative weight
•• Casing floatationCasing floatation
•• Completion issuesCompletion issues
•• Logging issuesLogging issues
High Angle DrillingHigh Angle Drilling

27. 4 - 6 miles
• Placement of a wellbore in a precise position to access reserves
• Extended reach drilling can provide access to more reserves at
optimal development costs
Extended Reach DrillingExtended Reach DrillingExtended Reach Drilling
22

28. Worldwide HA & ERD Achievements
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000
Horizontal Displacement (ft)
VerticalDepth(ft)
0
1,524
3,049
4,573
6,098
7,622
0 1,524 3,049 4,573 6,098 7,622 9,146 10,671 12,195
HD (m)
TVD(m)
EM, WD-73
Shell, Auger
Statoil, Statfjord
Statoil, Sleipner
IOL, Canada
Total, Hidra
Phillips, China
Total, Argentina
BP, Gyda
Woodside, Australia
Ratio = 2
Ratio = 4
Ratio = 6
EM, Sacate
BP, Wytch Farm
Maersk, Qatar
EM, Jade
EM, Hibernia
EAL, Moonfish
EM, Mobile Bay
BP, Amber
EM, Excalibur
EM, Jotun
EM, Nigeria
EPMI, Irong Barat
N Hydro, Oseberg

29. Technology ElementsTechnology Elements
•• Hole cleaning/hydraulicsHole cleaning/hydraulics
•• High angle drillingHigh angle drilling
•• Torque and dragTorque and drag
•• Stuck pipe avoidanceStuck pipe avoidance
•• Wellbore stabilityWellbore stability
•• Lost returns/fracture closure stressLost returns/fracture closure stress
•• Drilling fluid considerationsDrilling fluid considerations
•• High end applications/IHQHigh end applications/IHQ-- quantitativequantitative
risk assessmentrisk assessment
Successful application requires balancing allSuccessful application requires balancing all
of these technologiesof these technologies Wellbore
stability
Lost returns/FCS
Hole cleaning
Torque & drag
Differential sticking
FluidsStuck pipe
Integrated Hole Quality (IHQ)Integrated Hole Quality (IHQ)Integrated Hole Quality (IHQ)

30. •• IHQ is applied using Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA)IHQ is applied using Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA)
•• QRA is aQRA is a ““probabilisticprobabilistic”” approach to optimize well designapproach to optimize well design
Fracture Gradient
ProbabilityProbability
Rock Strength
Pore Pressure &
Earth Stresses
Hole & Casing
Depth & Size
Mud Weight,
Flow Rate
Bottomhole
Assembly
Controllable
Parameters
Uncertain
Parameters
Specify new well design
Use probabilistic input data and
proprietary drilling design models.
Optimize drilling parameters and
calculate probability of drilling success
for each hole interval.
Calculate reliability of well design
Calculate most-likely well cost
Is most-likely cost
minimized ?
Yes
No
Optimum
Design
Process
Probability
Well Path
Integrated Hole Quality (IHQ)Integrated Hole Quality (IHQ)Integrated Hole Quality (IHQ)

31. 3D Rotary Steering Systems3D Rotary Steering Systems3D Rotary Steering Systems
3D Rotary
Steerable System
Conventional
Steerable System
$$
$$$$

32. •• 3 Dimensional Rotary Steering Systems offer optimum performance3 Dimensional Rotary Steering Systems offer optimum performance through:through:
»» Proper wellpath placementProper wellpath placement
»» Automated surveying & drilling activitiesAutomated surveying & drilling activities
»» Reduced circulating & orienting timeReduced circulating & orienting time
»» Smoother wellbore & improved hole cleaningSmoother wellbore & improved hole cleaning
Rotary Steerable System holds the bit shaft at an offset to the axis of the tool. In this case via a counter rotating
electric motor.
3D Rotary Steering Systems3D Rotary Steering Systems3D Rotary Steering Systems
Control electronics
& Inclination sensors
Rotating Drive Shaft
Non Rotating
Steerable Stabilizer
Sleeve
Hydraulic Control Valves
Steering Ribs

33. Software technology is utilized toSoftware technology is utilized to
determine drill string loads anddetermine drill string loads and
rig siterig site ““real timereal time”” hole conditionhole condition
monitoring parametersmonitoring parameters
•• Rig site gathering and plottingRig site gathering and plotting
actual torque and drag dataactual torque and drag data
•• RealReal--time Rigtime Rig--Link data onLink data on
engineers desktopengineers desktop
•• Plots are analyzed looking forPlots are analyzed looking for
changing or deteriorating holechanging or deteriorating hole
conditionsconditions
•• Operational decisions basedOperational decisions based
on data analysison data analysis
SA-9 12.25" Hole Section
Drag Monitoring Chart
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
15000
16000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700
Hookload (Klbs - With Blocks)
MeasuredDepth
Model PU 0.1
Model PU 0.2
Model PU 0.3
Model PU 0.4
Model SO 0.1
Model SO 0.2
Model SO 0.3
Model SO 0.4
P/U wtS/Off wt
Drilling
Pick/Up
Weight
Rotating Weight
Better or worse?
Drilling
Slack/Off
Weight
Torque and Drag ManagementTorque and Drag ManagementTorque and Drag Management
26

34. Flex Rig TechnologyFlex Rig Technology
Source : H&P
• New Concept in Land Rig Design
• Rigging up time significantly reduced
• Advanced Skidding Capabilities
• Improved Safety
• Fully Automated Drilling Console