Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) machines are steerable, trenchless drilling rigs for the installation of pipes, conduits, and cables underground in a shallow arc. They are commonly used for installations below waterways and roadways to avoid disturbing the ground above. Horizontal drilling machines are typically heavy-duty vehicles fitted with track drives, operator controls, and drilling machinery. Materials used for pipes include PVC, polyethylene, polypropylene, ductile iron, and steel. A Non disruptive Technology or a trenchless technique with the help of machine(HDD) for laying any kind of Pipelines including OFC, Power Cable, Water, Sewerage Pipelines & CNG/PNG etc..

1. HDD TECHNOLOGY
BY APOLLO TECHNO INDUSTRIES PRIVATE LIMITED
SURVEY NO 167,
AHMEDABAD-MEHSANA STATE HIGHWAY,
MANDALI-382732, GUJARAT, INDIA

2. INTRODUCTIONS
 Directional Boring, popularly known as (HDD).
 The Technology usually preferred in those
installation processes where trenching or excavation
cannot be implemented.
 This technique in installation of various pipes,
conduits, Steel pipes, power cables, water lines, etc.,
Causing minimum harmful impact on the
environment.
 Major applications include crossing waterways,
shore approaches, roadways, environmentally
sensitive areas, congested areas, etc.

3. BENEFITS OF HDD TECHNOLOGY
 Cheaper than traditional techniques
 It enables deeper installations
 Quicker to implement
 Causes minimal hazardous impact on the environment
 Provides maximum directional capabilities
 Maintenance cost incurred is quite less
 Suitable for diverse soil conditions & surfaces (river crossings,
roads, landscapes, etc.)
 The horizontal drilling can work anywhere, from roads to the busy
and crowded areas, without disrupting or destroying the surrounding
area.
 It not only works with the steel or iron pipes but also with the plastic
and polyethylene pipes.

4. STAGES OF DRILLING PROCEDURE
• Pilot Hole - Small diameter hole is drilled along a designed drill path.
• Pre-reaming - Pilot hole is enlarged to 1.5 times the diameter of the product
pipe.
• Reaming/Clean Passing - Used for swabbing and cleaning the hole.
• Pulling - Product pipe is attached behind reamer and pulled into the enlarged
hole.

5. DRILLING A PILOT HOLE
• A cutting tool is used to perform the drilling work.
• The drilling head along with a transmitter fitted on it allows to operate
and control the drilling process.
• A fluid is filled in the head to reduce friction and provide more stability to
the bore hole.
• Visual information about the position, angle and azimuth of the drilling
head is showed on the locator display that receives information via the
transmitter.

6. ENLARGEMENT OF PILOT HOLE
(REAMING)
• Conducted to enlarge hole prior to pipe installation
• Reamers attached at exit point, then rotated and pulled
towards the rig to enlarge the hole.
• Reamers consist of circular array of cutters and fluid jets.
• Drill pipe is added behind the reamers as they progress
towards the drill rig.
• Insures pipe string always maintained in the hole.
• Also possible to ream away from the rig.

7. PIPELINE PULLING
• Prefabricated pipe attached behind reamer at exit point and pulled to rig.
• Swivel/thrust bearing placed between pipe section & reamer to
minimize torsion.
• Pull section supported using combination of roller stands and pipe
handling equipment (side booms, cranes, roller cradles) to minimize
tensile forces in pipe.
• Laydown area needed beyond exit point must equal length of drill for
continuous length of prefabricated pipe. Temporary ramps can be
constructed for continuous pipe or split in half and welded prior to the
day of pullback.

8. HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONAL DRILL SET-UP

9. ELGIN MUD RECYCLING SYSTEMS

10. BENEFITS OF MUD RECYCLING
SYSTEM
The usage of engineered drilling fluids provides for a number of benefits,
including, but not limited to:
1. Increased drilling penetration.
2. Increase bit or back reamer life.
3. Reduce mud cost.
4. Reduce triplex mud pump, mud motor & surface equipment
maintenance cost.
5. Reduced clean-up & haul-off or disposal cost
However, the use of drilling fluids, without an effective solids control
system can lead to a wide variety of problems, including:
1. Lowered rate of penetration.
2. Reduced bit and reamer life.
3. Increased mud cost.
4. Increased wear on triplex mud pump, mud motor and surface
equipment.

11. BENEFITS OF MUD RECYCLING
SYSTEM

12. BUOYANCY CONTROL
• The weight of the volume of the fluid
displaced by an object is greater than the
dead weight of the object.
• Density of drilling fluid (80-90 lbs/cu.ft.)
greater than water (62.4 lbs/cu.ft)
• Uplift forces for large diameter pipelines
can be substantial.
• Buoyancy control used for pipe 30 inches
or over in diameter.
• Most common control is to fill pipe with
water.

13. DRILL PROFILE SEGMENTS
• Entry Point (Rig Side) & Entry Angle – Optimum 10-12 degrees (Rigs 10-18
degrees)
• Downslope – Min. 30 feet or one drill rod length
• Point of Curvature (P.C.)
• Radius of Curvature – 100 x D Recommended
• Point of Tangent (P.T.)
• Horizontal – Min. 30 feet or one drill rod length
• Point of Curvature (P.C.)
• Radius of Curvature – 100 x D Recommended
• Point of Tangent (P.T.)
• Upslope –Min. 30 feet or one drill rod length
• Exit Point (Pipe Side) & Exit Angle – Optimum 8 degrees
• P.I. Elevation or Depth of Cover – Min. 30 feet

14. TRANSMITTER HOUSINGS
END LOAD
SIDE LOAD

15. WHAT IS MUD MOTOR ?
• Mud motor gives more power to the drill while drilling into rocky strata.
• Control achieved by non-rotating drill string.
• Steering bias created by bend near the leading edge of the drill string.
• Change in direction achieved by rolling drill string so that bend points in desired
direction.
• Path calculated using inclination and azimuth readings from steering tool mounted
near bit or from surface monitoring system.
• Drill string continually rotated where directional control not required.

16. DRILL BITS - SOFT DRILL BITS - HARD

17. TYPE OF REAMERS

18. OTHER ACCESSORIES
Pipe
Tongs
Drill Rods Rack with Crane
Air Hammer System
Mud Mixing System

19. LOCATING SYSTEM
HDD Guidance System
Wired
Guidance
system
Wire-line
Guidance
Magnetic
Guidance
Gyro Drilling
Walkover Locating

20. TYPE OF TOOLING – FOR DIFFERENT
STRATA CONDITIONS
• Up to 80 MPA – Paddle bit/Hard face bit
• Up to 150 MPA – Tri-Hauk Type/Cobble Bit
• Up to 150 to 350 MPA – Mud Motor System/Air
Hammer
• ****All underground tools life depend on the soil condition operator
skills and polymers (Geographical structural changes of soil very

21. QUESTIONS ?

22. PRESENTED BY :
• Safar Md. Khan
• General Manager-Sales & Marketing
• Survey No-167,Ahmedabad Mehsana Highway
• Mandali-382732,Dist:Mehsana(Gujarat),India
• +91-9825193651/ 0755-4943877
• safar.khan@apollotechno.com
• www.apollotechno.com