This document discusses well intervention using coiled tubing. It defines coiled tubing and its main components, which include an injector head, coiled tubing reel, control unit, power pack unit, and bottom-hole assembly. Coiled tubing can be used for various applications like wellbore cleanout, milling, logging, perforating, drilling deviated wells, fluid conveyance, and tool conveyance. It has advantages over conventional drilling like not requiring connections and allowing faster tripping in and out. However, coiled tubing also has disadvantages like fatigue life limits and reduced bore diameter.
A summary presentation of a 7" Liner job, demonstrating different components, mechanisms of liner hanger and other string components. Then a quick hint about cementing operation and some extra components involved in the job like the Handling equipment, VAM HT, ...etc.
A summary presentation of a 7" Liner job, demonstrating different components, mechanisms of liner hanger and other string components. Then a quick hint about cementing operation and some extra components involved in the job like the Handling equipment, VAM HT, ...etc.
Well Control is very important in Petroleum Engineering and necessary for being able to avoid hazards and controlling them as much as possible. This presentation provides valuable notes, instructions, and information about Well Control.
Presentation defines well completion as a sub-discipline of drilling operations. It introduces the various components of the well completion process. It then describes and explains basic areas of the completion process including the bottom-hole completion process, the perforation process, the upper completion with packers, tubing component equipment and devices, tubing configurations, the horizontal completions and the Christmas tree(production head)
This is an academic lecture for Diploma in Engineering 7th Semester Mining and Mine Survey Technology. The Course related to this presentation is Well completion and testing
Well Control is very important in Petroleum Engineering and necessary for being able to avoid hazards and controlling them as much as possible. This presentation provides valuable notes, instructions, and information about Well Control.
Presentation defines well completion as a sub-discipline of drilling operations. It introduces the various components of the well completion process. It then describes and explains basic areas of the completion process including the bottom-hole completion process, the perforation process, the upper completion with packers, tubing component equipment and devices, tubing configurations, the horizontal completions and the Christmas tree(production head)
This is an academic lecture for Diploma in Engineering 7th Semester Mining and Mine Survey Technology. The Course related to this presentation is Well completion and testing
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Your Score: 14/20
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Drilling Engineering
Class 8
1
Casing
• What is casing?
• Pipe that is API certified for its specific application
• Why is casing set?
• Zonal Isolation when cemented in place
• Casing point selection
• Regulations
• Area Geology
• Formation Pressures
• As the operator, who decides on casing points?
2
Casing
• API casing is available in standard sizes from 4-1/2” to 20” OD
• Usually steel but can be aluminum, fiberglass, stainless steel,
plastic, titanium etc.
• One piece of casing pipe is referred to as a “joint” of casing
• Casing length is dependent on the “range” of pipe
• Range-1: 18-22ft
• Range-2: 27-30ft
• Range-3: 38-45ft
• Casing Threads are defined by the coupling type
• API Threads
• LTC: Long thread coupling
• STC: Short thread coupling
• BTC: Buttress thread coupling
• Semi & Premium Threads
• See VAM Presentation
3
Casing
• Casing Components
• Casing
• Size, Weight, Grade, Threads
• 9-5/8" 53.5# P-110 LTC Rg 3
• See Casing Data Chart
• What is Drift Diameter?
• Pup Joints
• Float Collars
• Float Shoe
• Guide Shoe
• Centralizers
• Baskets
• Scratchers/Scrapers
4
Casing
• Running Casing
• Bales/Elevators
• Power Tongs
• Torque Turn
• Calculate weight and Hookload HL
• Calculate collapse, how often should you fill the pipe?
• Is the pipe taking the proper amount of fluid to fill? CSGcap
• Is the proper amount of fluid coming back to the pits as the
casing is run in the hole? CSGcap & CSGdisp
• Once casing is landed, circulated mud. Calculate B/U
5
Casing
• Centralization
• Vertical Wells
• Never truly vertical, usually spiral
• Typically use bow spring type centralizers
• There are state regulations on centralizer placement
• The shoe is very important to be centralized
• Horizontal Wells
• Balance between too many and not enough centralizers
• Many types: rigid, floating, bow spring, bladed, spiral bladed, etc.
• Centralizer design software can model the well as drilled and suggest
centralizer placement
• High dogleg areas need more frequent centralizers to obtain
sufficient standoff
6
Casing
• Stand-off
• Pipe Stand-off is a major contributor to hole cleaning, mud
removal, and cement quality.
• % 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑓𝑓 = ൗ𝑊𝑛 𝑅2−𝑅1 ∗ 100%
7
Casing
• Stand-off
• The Stand-off formula results a percentage, where 0% represents
the pipe in contact with the wellbore wall. 100% represents the
pipe is perfectly centered in the well.
• When the pipe is not centered, the wider portions will promote
flow due to less resistance. There can be pockets of cuttings or
mud in the tighter areas causing
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
3. Cleanout
The removal of wellbore-fill material such as
sand , scale or organic materials , and other
debris from the wellbore . Many reservoirs
produce some sand or fines that may not be
carried to surface in the produced fluid .
Accumulation of fill material may
eventually increase in concentration within
the lower wellbore possibly restricting
production .
3
5. Mill
Before defining mill , we need to know what
is junk ! . Junk is anything in wellbore that is
not supposed to be there . The term is
usually reserved for small pieces of steel
such as hand tools , small parts , bit nozzles ,
pieces of bits or another down-hole tools. A
mill is usually used to remove junk in the
hole or to grind away all or parts of casing
string .
5
6. In the case of junk , the metal must be broken
into smaller pieces to facilitate removal from
the wellbore so that drilling can continue .
When milling casing , the intent is to cut a
window through the side of the casing or to
remove a continuous section of the casing so
that the wellbore may be deviated from the
original well through the window or section
removed depending on the type of grinding or
metal removal required . The shape of the
cutting structures of mills varies .virtually all
mills, however utilizes tungsten carbine cutting
surfaces.
6
7. So , It’s time to talk about something allows
fill material cleanout , mill and other very
important uses .
Coiled Tubing
- Definition
-main component
-uses & advantages
-Disadvantages
7
8. Definition
Coiled tubing refers to a continuous length of
small diameter steel pipe and related surface
equipment as well as associated drilling ,
completion and work over or remediation ,
techniques . Coiled tubing oilfield technology
was initially developed for working on live ,
producing wells . More recently , this
technology has gained wider acceptance . The
trend toward extended reach wells favors
coiled tubing for its ability to drill or convey
tools and equipment in high angle wellbores .
8
9. Main component
1.Injector and tubing guide arch
2.Service reel with CT
3.Power supply / Prime mover
4.Control console
5.Control and monitoring equipment
6.Downhole CT connectors and bottom-hole
assembly(BHA)
7.Well-control stack equipment
9
11. Power pack unit
Provides hydraulic power to control and operate a coiled tubing unit
and pressure control equipment “ has independent electric or
diesel power source”
11
12. Control unit
Control unit is located behind a coiled tubing reel “ or any location that is
safe when operating the unit “ . Level of control and instrumentation
depend on the type of operation being performed .
12
13. Injector head
Consists of several hydraulic systems that allow a coiled tubing
unit to operate with a high degree of operational variability . Its
function “ Pulling and pushing “ .
13
14. Coiled tubing reel
Main function; store a coiled tubing . It’s hydraulically driven . A reel
driven system is designed to keep the coiled tubing in a dynamic
tension between gooseneck and the reel . Its capacity depends on
tubing size , weight and length of coiled tubing14
15. CT BOP
The BOP is used to secure the coiled tubing and isolate the wellbore
pressure during normal and emergency situations . Consists of
Blind ram , Shear ram , Slip ram and pipe ram
15
16. Functions or uses
Innovative services conveyed on CT are designed to improve
your well and reservoir performance .
Applications
Matrix and fracture stimulation
Wellbore cleanout
Logging
Perforating
Nitrogen kickoff
Sand control
Drilling ‘’highly deviated and horizontal wells’’
Cementing
Well circulation
Mechanical isolation
16
18. DTS
Surveys to guide fluid placement and
identify zones for acid stimulation . With
selective diversion stages temporarily
sealing off treated zones to ensure effective
stimulation of all targeted intervals .
18
20. Nitrogen kickoff
The most popular use for coiled tubing is
circulation or deliquification . A hydrostatic
head may be restricting flow of formation
fluids due to its weight “ well is said to be
killed “ . The safest , not cheapest , solution
would be to attempt to circulate out the
fluid using a gas “frequently nitrogen” often
called Nitrogen kickoff and allow cleaning
the hole .
20
21. Tool conveyance
Coiled tubing fishing and milling
Down-hole valve manipulation
Blasting service
Zonal isolation
CT logging
CT drilling
Control
flow from
various
zones
Real time
data
Acid wash,
scale removal
Separation of
zones via
packer
Enable horizontal
drilling
21
22. Coiled tubing drilling
A relatively modern drilling techniques
involves using coiled tubing instead of
conventional drill pipe . This has the
advantage of requiring less effort to trip in
and out of the well “ the coil can simply be run
in and pulled out while drill pipe must be
assembled and dismantled joint by joint while
tripping in and out”
22
23. Instead of rotating the drill bit by using a
rotary table or top drive at the surface . It’s
turned by a down-hole Mud motor ,
powered by the motion of drilling fluid
pumped from surface . Drilling which is
powered by mud motor instead of rotating
pipe is called slide drilling .
23
24. Coiled tubing logging
Coiled tubing allow directional surveys ,
gamma ray , pressure and temperature
measurements.
24
25. Coiled tubing production
Coiled tubing is often used as production
string in shallow gas wells that produce
some water . The narrow internal diameter
results in a much higher velocity than
would occur inside conventional tubing or
inside casing . This higher velocity assists in
lifting liquids to surface .
25
26. DisadvantagesAdvantages
Fatigue life limitNo rig required
Pressure and tensionNo connections – fast
Diameter and ovalityMoney saving
More tortuous pathPumping flexibility
fluid placement
Reduced formation
damage
Allow MPD & UBD
26