This document provides an overview of knowledge management. It defines data, information, and knowledge and describes explicit and tacit knowledge. It discusses the history of knowledge management from the 1970s to present. It also outlines several common knowledge management models and describes the typical stages in the knowledge management life cycle including information mapping, storage, retrieval, use, and auditing. Finally, it discusses some key terms used in knowledge management.

1. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
Presented By
Sehar Abbas
Saima Hanif

2. 2 CONTENTS
 Data, Information & Knowledge
 Knowledge Hierarchy
 Types of Knowledge
 What Is Knowledge Management
 Why KM
 History of KM
 KM Models
 KM life cycle
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3. 3
C ONTINUE …
 Characteristics of KM in Libraries
 Terms Used in KM
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4. 4
D ATA , I NFORMATION &
K NOWLEDGE
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5. 5 K NOWLEDGE H IERARCHY
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6. 6
E XPLICIT / TACIT
K NOWLEDGE -T YPES
 Tacit knowledge: That type of knowledge which
people carry in their mind, and is, therefore,
difficult to access.
 Explicit knowledge: That type of knowledge
which has been or can be articulated, codified,
and stored in certain media.
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7. 7 F EATURES
Explicit Knowledge Tacit Knowledge
Tangible Intangible
Physical objects, e.g. in Mental objects, i.e. it's in
documents or databases people's head's
Context independent Context affects meaning
Easily shared Sharing involves learning
Reproducible Not identically replicated
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8. 8
W HAT I S K NOWLEDGE
M ANAGEMENT
 Knowledge Management is the
collection of processes that govern the
creation, dissemination, and utilization
of knowledge.
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9. 9 W HY KM
 To share the knowledge, a company creates
exponential benefits from the knowledge as
people learn from it.
 To build better sensitivity to “brain drain”
 To reacting to new business opportunities
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10. 10
H ISTORY O F KM
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11. 11 I N 70’S
A number of management theorists have
contributed to the evaluation of KM.
 Peter Drucker: Information and knowledge as
organizational resources
 Peter Senge: "learning organization"
 Chaparral Steel: A company having knowledge
management strategy
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12. 12 I N 80’ S
 Knowledge as a competitive asset was apparent.
 Managing knowledge that relied on work done in
artificial intelligence and expert systems.
 Knowledge management-related articles began
appearing in journals and books .
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13. 13 I N 90’ S U NTIL N OW
 A number of management consulting firms had
begun in-house knowledge management
programs. E.g. ADAM’s Model
 Knowledge management was introduced in the
popular press.
 The International Knowledge Management
Network(IKMN) went online in 1994.
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14. 14 KM M ODELS
There are some KM Models:
 Nonaka/Takeuchi Knowledge Spiral (1995)
 ADAM’s Model (2000-01)
 The Choo Sense-making KM Model (1998)
 WIIG KM Model
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15. 15
N ONAKA /TAKEUCHI
KNOWLEDGE SPIRAL (1995)
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16. 16
ADAM’ S M ODEL (2000-01)
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17. 17
T HE C HOO S ENSE - MAKING
KM M ODEL (1998)
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18. 18 WIIG’ S KM M ODEL
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19. 19
K NOWLEDGE F ORM BY
WIIG M ODEL
 Public Knowledge
 Sharing Knowledge
 Personal Knowledge
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20. 20 CONTINUE…
 The knowledge which is explicit and can be
learned and shared, called Public Knowledge.
 The knowledge which is an intellectual assets
and held exclusively by employees and shared
during work or embedded in technologies, called
Sharing Knowledge.
 The knowledge which is the least accessible, but
the most complete form of knowledge. It’s
usually tacit and used without knowing, called
Personal Knowledge.
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21. 21
K NOWLEDGE T YPES BY
WIIG M ODEL
 Factual Knowledge
 Conceptual Knowledge
 Expectational Knowledge
 Methodological Knowledge
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22. 22 C ONTINUE …
 That type of knowledge which deals with data
and measurements, and directly observable and
verifiable, called Factual Knowledge.
 That type of knowledge which deals with
systems, concepts and perspectives, called
Conceptual Knowledge.
 That type of knowledge which deals with
hypothesis, judgments and expectations held by
knowers, called Expectational Knowledge.
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23. 23 C ONTINUE …
 That type of knowledge which deals with
reasoning, strategies and decision making
methods, called Methodological Knowledge.
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24. 24
KM L IFE CYCLE
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25. 25
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26. 26 C ONTINUE …
 Information Mapping: ( To categorize the
knowledge assest) Information mapping is a
process by which organizations can identify and
categories knowledge assets within their
organization.
 Information Storaging: Information storing that
contains knowledge repositories such as
databases, data warehouses, and information
centers and indicates electronic environment of
organizational memory.
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27. 27 CONTINUES …
 Information Retrieving: In this stage, knowledge
is stored and retrieved via information retrieval
systems.
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28. 28 K NOWLEDGE U SING
Organizations use knowledge for three reasons:
 Knowledge can be used for determining
organization’s work processes and making
strategies for sustainable competitive advantage.
 Knowledge can be used for designing and
marketing product.
 Knowledge plays a critical role of organization’s
services quality
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29. 29 K NOWLEDGE A UDITING
 Knowledge auditing means what amount of
knowledge can be used in organization’s
products, services and processes.
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30. 30
C HARACTERISTICS OF KM IN
L IBRARIES
The characteristics of KM in libraries are:
 Human Resource Management Is the Core of
Knowledge Management in Libraries.
 The Objective of Knowledge Management in Libraries
is to Promote Knowledge Innovation.
 Information Technology Is a Tool for Knowledge
Management in Libraries.
 The knowledge acquired must be accumulated and
converged into knowledge warehouses of libraries.
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31. 31 T ERMS U SED IN KM
There are some terms used in KM:
 Knowledge architect
 Knowledge assets
 Knowledge bridge
 Knowledge Workers
 Knowledge Economy
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32. 32 K NOWLEDGE ARCHITECT
 Knowledge architect is the staff member who
oversees the definitions of knowledge and
intellectual processes and then identifies the
technological and human resources required to
create, capture, organize, access and use
knowledge assets.
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33. 33 K NOWLEDGE ASSETS
 Knowledge assets, also called intellectual capital,
are the human, structural and recorded
resources available to the organization. Assets
reside within the minds of members, customers,
and colleagues and also include physical
structures and recorded media.
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34. 34 K NOWLEDGE BRIDGE
 Knowledge bridge is the connection that a KM
expert builds between the business processes
and the technological, sociological, personal,
financial, sales, creative, and customer oriented
functions of the organization.
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35. 35 K NOWLEDGE W ORKERS
 Employees and managers who contribute
significantly to the intellectual capital of the
company are called knowledge workers.
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36. 36 K NOWLEDGE E CONOMY
 The knowledge economy is a term that refers
either to an economy of knowledge focused on
the production and management of knowledge
in the frame of economic constraints, or to a
knowledge-based economy.
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37. 37 R EFERENCES
 http://www.slideshare.net/nabendumaji/knowle
dge-management-10353260
 http://www.skyrme.com/kmbasics/kchars.htm
 http://www.bridgefieldgroup.com/bridgefieldgro
up/glos5.htm
 http://www.unc.edu/~sunnyliu/inls258/Introduct
ion_to_Knowledge_Management.html
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_econo
my
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38. 38 C ONTINUE …
 http://home.earthlink.net/~ddstuhlman/defin1.htm
 Shanhong, T. “Knowledge Management in Libraries
in the 21st Century”
 SAĞSAN , M. “A NEW LIFE CYCLE MODEL FOR
PROCESSING OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT”
 Crista, S.D. (2009), “Perspectives on knowledge
management models”
 Bergeron, B. “Essentials of Knowledge Management”
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39. 39
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