Knowledge management (KM) is the process of collecting, sharing, and applying knowledge in an organization. There are two types of knowledge - explicit knowledge which is codified and can be stored in documents or databases, and tacit knowledge which resides in people's minds and is more difficult to share. The history of KM began in the 1970s with theorists recognizing knowledge as an organizational resource, and continued to develop through the 1980s and 1990s as consulting firms introduced KM programs and networks. The KM life cycle involves information mapping, storage in repositories, retrieval systems, using knowledge for strategies and products, and auditing knowledge use. Key terms in KM include knowledge architect, assets, bridge, workers, and economy

1. HRM
KNOWLEDGE
MANAGEMENT

2. contents
• Data, Information & Knowledge
• Knowledge Hierarchy
• Types of Knowledge
• What Is Knowledge Management
• Why KM
• History of KM
• KM life cycle
• Characteristics of KM in Libraries
• Terms Used in KM

4. Explicit/ Tacit Knowledge-Types
• Tacit knowledge: That type of knowledge which
people carry in their mind, and is, therefore, difficult
to access.
• Explicit knowledge: That type of knowledge which
has been or can be articulated, codified, and stored in
certain media.

5. Features
Explicit Knowledge Tacit Knowledge
Tangible Intangible
Physical objects, e.g. in documents or
databases
Mental objects, i.e. it's in people's head's
Context independent Context affects meaning
Easily shared Sharing involves learning
Reproducible Not identically replicated

6. What Is Knowledge Management
• Knowledge Management is the collection of
processes that govern the creation,
dissemination, and utilization of knowledge.

7. Why KM
• To share the knowledge, a company creates
exponential benefits from the knowledge as people
learn from it.
• To build better sensitivity to “brain drain”
• To reacting to new business opportunities

8. History Of KM

9. In 70’S
A number of management theorists have
contributed to the evaluation of KM.
• Peter Drucker: Information and knowledge as
organizational resources
• Peter Senge: "learning organization"
• Chaparral Steel: A company having knowledge
management strategy

10. In 80’s
• Knowledge as a competitive asset was apparent.
• Managing knowledge that relied on work done in
artificial intelligence and expert systems.
• Knowledge management-related articles began
appearing in journals and books .

11. In 90’s Until Now
• A number of management consulting firms had
begun in-house knowledge management programs.
E.g. ADAM’s Model
• Knowledge management was introduced in the
popular press.
• The International Knowledge Management
Network(IKMN) went online in 1994.

12. KM Life Cycle

14. Continue…
• Information Mapping: ( To categorize the
knowledge assest) Information mapping is a process
by which organizations can identify and categories
knowledge assets within their organization.
• Information Storaging: Information storing that
contains knowledge repositories such as databases,
data warehouses, and information centers and indicates
electronic environment of organizational memory.

15. continues…
• Information Retrieving: In this stage, knowledge
is stored and retrieved via information retrieval
systems.

16. Knowledge Using
Organizations use knowledge for three reasons:
• Knowledge can be used for determining
organization’s work processes and making strategies
for sustainable competitive advantage.
• Knowledge can be used for designing and marketing
product.
• Knowledge plays a critical role of organization’s
services quality

17. Knowledge Auditing
• Knowledge auditing means what amount of
knowledge can be used in organization’s products,
services and processes.

18. Characteristics of KM in
Libraries
The characteristics of KM in libraries are:
• Human Resource Management Is the Core of Knowledge
Management in Libraries.
• The Objective of Knowledge Management in Libraries is
to Promote Knowledge Innovation.
• Information Technology Is a Tool for Knowledge
Management in Libraries.
• The knowledge acquired must be accumulated and
converged into knowledge warehouses of libraries.

19. Terms Used in KM
There are some terms used in KM:
• Knowledge architect
• Knowledge assets
• Knowledge bridge
• Knowledge Workers
• Knowledge Economy

20. Knowledge architect
• Knowledge architect is the staff member who
oversees the definitions of knowledge and
intellectual processes and then identifies the
technological and human resources required to
create, capture, organize, access and use knowledge
assets.

21. Knowledge assets
• Knowledge assets, also called intellectual capital, are
the human, structural and recorded resources
available to the organization. Assets reside within the
minds of members, customers, and colleagues and
also include physical structures and recorded media.

22. Knowledge bridge
• Knowledge bridge is the connection that a KM
expert builds between the business processes and the
technological, sociological, personal, financial, sales,
creative, and customer oriented functions of the
organization.

23. Knowledge Workers
• Employees and managers who contribute
significantly to the intellectual capital of the company
are called knowledge workers.

24. Knowledge Economy
• The knowledge economy is a term that refers either
to an economy of knowledge focused on the
production and management of knowledge in the
frame of economic constraints, or to a knowledge-
based economy.