2. contents
• Data, Information & Knowledge
• Knowledge Hierarchy
• Types of Knowledge
• What Is Knowledge Management
• Why KM
• History of KM
• KM Models
• KM life cycle
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6. Explicit/ Tacit Knowledge-Types
• Tacit knowledge: That type of knowledge which people
carry in their mind, and is, therefore, difficult to access.
• Explicit knowledge: That type of knowledge which has
been or can be articulated, codified, and stored in certain
media.
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7. Features
Explicit Knowledge Tacit Knowledge
Tangible Intangible
Physical objects, e.g. in
documents or databases
Mental objects, i.e. it's in
people's head's
Context independent Context affects meaning
Easily shared Sharing involves learning
Reproducible Not identically replicated
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8. What Is Knowledge Management
• Knowledge Management is the collection
of processes that govern the creation,
dissemination, and utilization of
knowledge.
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9. Why KM
• To share the knowledge, a company creates exponential
benefits from the knowledge as people learn from it.
• To build better sensitivity to “brain drain”
• To reacting to new business opportunities
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11. In 70’S
A number of management theorists have contributed to
the evaluation of KM.
• Peter Drucker: Information and knowledge as
organizational resources
• Peter Senge: "learning organization"
• Chaparral Steel: A company having knowledge
management strategy
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12. In 80’s
• Knowledge as a competitive asset was apparent.
• Managing knowledge that relied on work done in
artificial intelligence and expert systems.
• Knowledge management-related articles began appearing
in journals and books .
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13. In 90’s Until Now
• A number of management consulting firms had begun in-
house knowledge management programs. E.g. ADAM’s
Model
• Knowledge management was introduced in the popular
press.
• The International Knowledge Management
Network(IKMN) went online in 1994.
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14. KM Models
There are some KM Models:
• Nonaka/Takeuchi Knowledge Spiral (1995)
• ADAM’s Model (2000-01)
• The Choo Sense-making KM Model (1998)
• WIIG KM Model
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20. CONTINUE…
• The knowledge which is explicit and can be learned and
shared, called Public Knowledge.
• The knowledge which is an intellectual assets and held
exclusively by employees and shared during work or
embedded in technologies, called Sharing Knowledge.
• The knowledge which is the least accessible, but the most
complete form of knowledge. It’s usually tacit and used
without knowing, called Personal Knowledge.
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22. Continue…
• That type of knowledge which deals with data and
measurements, and directly observable and verifiable,
called Factual Knowledge.
• That type of knowledge which deals with systems,
concepts and perspectives, called Conceptual
Knowledge.
• That type of knowledge which deals with hypothesis,
judgments and expectations held by knowers, called
Expectational Knowledge.
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23. Continue…
• That type of knowledge which deals with reasoning,
strategies and decision making methods, called
Methodological Knowledge.
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26. Continue…
• Information Mapping: ( To categorize the knowledge
assest) Information mapping is a process by which
organizations can identify and categories knowledge assets
within their organization.
• Information Storaging: Information storing that contains
knowledge repositories such as databases, data warehouses, and
information centers and indicates electronic environment of
organizational memory.
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27. continues…
• Information Retrieving: In this stage, knowledge is stored
and retrieved via information retrieval systems.
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28. Knowledge Using
Organizations use knowledge for three reasons:
• Knowledge can be used for determining organization’s
work processes and making strategies for sustainable
competitive advantage.
• Knowledge can be used for designing and marketing
product.
• Knowledge plays a critical role of organization’s services
quality
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29. Knowledge Auditing
• Knowledge auditing means what amount of knowledge
can be used in organization’s products, services and
processes.
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30. Characteristics of KM in Libraries
The characteristics of KM in libraries are:
• Human Resource Management Is the Core of Knowledge
Management in Libraries.
• The Objective of Knowledge Management in Libraries is
to Promote Knowledge Innovation.
• Information Technology Is a Tool for Knowledge
Management in Libraries.
• The knowledge acquired must be accumulated and
converged into knowledge warehouses of libraries.
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31. Terms Usedin KM
There are some terms used in KM:
• Knowledge architect
• Knowledge assets
• Knowledge bridge
• Knowledge Workers
• Knowledge Economy
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32. Knowledge architect
• Knowledge architect is the staff member who oversees
the definitions of knowledge and intellectual processes
and then identifies the technological and human resources
required to create, capture, organize, access and use
knowledge assets.
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33. Knowledge assets
• Knowledge assets, also called intellectual capital, are the
human, structural and recorded resources available to the
organization. Assets reside within the minds of members,
customers, and colleagues and also include physical
structures and recorded media.
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34. Knowledge bridge
• Knowledge bridge is the connection that a KM expert
builds between the business processes and the
technological, sociological, personal, financial, sales,
creative, and customer oriented functions of the
organization.
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35. Knowledge Workers
• Employees and managers who contribute significantly to
the intellectual capital of the company are called
knowledge workers.
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36. Knowledge Economy
• The knowledge economy is a term that refers either to an
economy of knowledge focused on the production and
management of knowledge in the frame of economic
constraints, or to a knowledge-based economy.
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