fetal imaging omphalocele
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This document describes an omphalocele, which is an extrusion of fetal abdominal contents into the base of the umbilical cord. The findings in this case show a herniated anterior abdominal mass covered by membrane, with the liver and small bowel herniated. This is consistent with an omphalocele with extracorporeal liver. Omphaloceles can be associated with chromosomal abnormalities and other congenital anomalies. Ultrasound is used to diagnose omphaloceles by identifying the herniated contents and covering membranes.
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4) Twin
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Gastroschisis is a birth defect where the baby's intestines protrude outside of the abdominal wall near the umbilical cord. The cause is unknown but it occurs more often in younger mothers under 30. Diagnosis is usually made during physical examination after birth. Treatment involves surgery to return the intestines to the abdominal cavity and close the defect. With treatment, recovery is good though complications can include breathing issues or bowel death in rare cases.
Abdominal wall defects
This document discusses abdominal wall defects that occur during embryonic development, including exomphalos and gastroschisis. It describes the normal embryological development of the abdominal wall and how failures during development can result in defects. It provides details on the characteristics, contents, and management of exomphalos and gastroschisis. It also discusses extrophy of the bladder, including the anatomical defects, problems with management, and staged surgical approach.
Sonography of fetal GIT
A systematic approach to address the challenges faced in the examination and prenatal diagnosis of fetal GIT anomalies
Abdominal wall-defects
This document discusses various abdominal wall defects in infants. It describes omphalocele, where abdominal organs protrude into a sac through a defect in the abdominal wall near the umbilicus. Gastroschisis is defined as a defect to the right of the umbilicus where intestines directly eviscerate. Incidence, pathophysiology, clinical findings, associated anomalies, and treatment approaches like primary closure or staged closure using a silo are reviewed for each condition. Other rare defects discussed include umbilical hernia, prune belly syndrome, bladder exstrophy, pentalogy of Cantrell, and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Key differences between omphalocele and gastroschis
Fetal development powerpoint
During weeks 14-18 of fetal development:
- The baby's body begins to catch up in size to its head, becoming more proportionate.
- Systems like hearing, breathing, and urination are maturing.
- Lanugo hair covers the baby's body. Bones are hardening and muscles developing.
- The baby practices movements and can hear outside sounds. Growth accelerates, with the baby nearly doubling in size over the next few weeks. All major developments are complete and the fetus continues growing and maturing in the womb.
Pfizer faces lawsuits due to zoloft causing omphalocele in babies
http://www.zoloftlawsuithelpcenter.com Mothers of newly born children harmed by the medical condition called omphalocele are filing lawsuits against Pfizer, demanding compensation for the difficulties they had gone through after Zoloft. Omphalocele is an abnormality in which the infant’s intestines, liver or other abdominal organ stick outside of the baby’s body through the belly button. A thin translucent member covers the protrudingorgans. Further, the infant’s abdominal cavity itselfmay be small due to underdevelopment during pregnancy. Incidents such as this leads couples to file lawsuit against Pfizer Inc.
49 abdominal hernias
This document contains 34 figures showing various abdominal hernias as seen on imaging studies like CT scans and barium studies. It describes different types of hernias including paraduodenal, inguinal, femoral, umbilical, incisional, lumbar, and transmesenteric hernias. The images demonstrate the location and contents of the hernia sacs as well as complications like strangulation or obstruction.
Abdominal wall defetcts 2
Umbilical hernias and omphaloceles are two types of abdominal wall defects present at birth. Umbilical hernias are a fascial defect at the umbilicus through which the intestines or omentum may protrude in newborns. They are usually asymptomatic and often close spontaneously by age 5. Omphaloceles involve a defect of the entire abdominal wall where intestines are covered only by amnion and peritoneum. They can be either a small fetal type or large embryonic type involving multiple internal organ anomalies. Staged surgical repair is often needed for large omphaloceles to gradually reduce herniated organs back into the abdominal cavity.
Abdominal wall defects
Conference Abdominal Wall Defects : 4th Year Medical student, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital
Theosophical fistula and esophageal atresia
This document discusses esophageal atresia with tracheo-esophageal fistula (EA/TEF), including the causes, types, symptoms, diagnosis, and management. EA/TEF occurs when the esophagus fails to form a continuous passage from the pharynx to the stomach during embryonic development. The most common type is Type III EA/TEF, where the proximal esophagus ends blindly while the distal segment connects to the trachea via a fistula. Symptoms include excessive salivation, coughing, and cyanosis. Diagnosis involves tests like catheterization and imaging. Management consists of positioning, nothing by mouth, oxygen, IV fluids, and later surgical anastomosis of the esophageal
Common~1
The document discusses various pediatric surgical conditions and their anesthetic management, including pyloric stenosis, tracheoesophageal fistula, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal obstruction, omphalocele, gastroschisis, and necrotizing enterocolitis. For each condition, it covers topics like incidence, etiology, clinical presentation, pre-operative preparation and management, induction and maintenance of anesthesia, as well as post-operative care and complications.
Echogenic fetal bowel
Echogenic fetal bowel seen on ultrasound is a soft marker for Trisomy 21 and other conditions. It can be associated with intra-amniotic hemorrhage, aneuploidy like Trisomy 21, intra-uterine CMV infection, cystic fibrosis, fetal growth restriction, gastrointestinal obstruction, and rare etiologies. Down syndrome presents with physical features like depressed nasal bridge and simian crease. Congenital CMV infection can cause brain damage, jaundice, and deafness. Cystic fibrosis affects the lungs, liver, and pancreas due to a defective gene. Fetal growth restriction increases the risk of fetal demise. Gastrointestinal obstruction encompasses conditions like biliary
Teratology teratogenesis-birth defect-congenital malformation- anomaly(heredi...
Teratology teratogenesis-birth defect-congenital malformation- anomaly(heredi...سید محسن ساداتی نژاد sadatinejad
This document discusses birth defects and congenital anomalies, their causes and classification. It notes that hereditary factors cause 15-18% of cases, environmental 7-10%, multifactorial 25% and unknown 50%. Major causes include genetic/chromosomal abnormalities, infections, drugs, chemicals and physical agents. Specific birth defects are associated with exposures to various infectious agents, drugs, chemicals and physical factors during critical periods of embryonic and fetal development. Prenatal screening and diagnostic tests as well as fetal treatments are mentioned.Viewers also liked (20)
Congenital Anomalies of Anterior Abdominal wall By Dr Hatem Elgohary
Congenital Anomalies of Anterior Abdominal wall By Dr Hatem Elgohary
Pfizer faces lawsuits due to zoloft causing omphalocele in babies
Pfizer faces lawsuits due to zoloft causing omphalocele in babies
Teratology teratogenesis-birth defect-congenital malformation- anomaly(heredi...
Teratology teratogenesis-birth defect-congenital malformation- anomaly(heredi...
Similar to fetal imaging omphalocele
abdominal wall defect
Gastroschisis and omphalocele are the two most common abdominal wall defects. Gastroschisis involves intestines protruding through an abdominal wall defect without a membrane covering, while omphalocele involves intestines covered by a membrane through an umbilical defect. Outcomes depend on associated anomalies, which are more common with omphalocele. Prenatal diagnosis allows for delivery planning, and management focuses on stabilization, careful examination for other issues, and surgical closure of the abdominal wall defect. Long-term outcomes depend on the presence of other anomalies.
2nd trimester ultrasound..
The document provides details about performing and interpreting a fetal anatomy scan between 18-20 weeks of gestation. It describes assessing various fetal anatomical structures including the brain, skull, abdomen, lungs, heart, spine, and limbs. Key measurements and normal ranges are outlined. Common congenital anomalies that may be detected on the scan are also described for various structures. The purpose of the anatomy scan is to evaluate fetal anatomy and screen for potential fetal anomalies.
Amol -Congenital anamolies of GIT
The document discusses the embryogenesis and development of the gastrointestinal tract. It begins by describing how the endoderm-lined yolk sac is incorporated into the embryo to form the primitive gut during folding of the embryo. It then describes the specific regions of the gut - the pharyngeal gut, foregut, midgut and hindgut. It notes that the endoderm forms the gut lining and associated glands while mesoderm forms the muscle, connective tissue and peritoneal components. The mesentery is also described. Common causes of gastrointestinal obstruction by age are listed. The document then focuses specifically on the development and common abnormalities of the esophagus.
1oesophagus
The document describes the normal anatomy and physiology of the esophagus. It discusses various esophageal disorders including dysphagia, heartburn, esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, achalasia, hiatal hernia, Barrett's esophagus, esophageal varices, and esophageal tumors. The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It has an upper and lower sphincter and consists of mucosa, submucosa, muscle and adventitia layers. Disorders can involve problems with motor function, luminal narrowing or inflammation.
Acs0415 Diaphragmatic Procedures
This document discusses diaphragmatic procedures. It begins with an overview of diaphragmatic anatomy and physiology. The main procedures described for treating congenital diseases include repair of Bochdalek hernias, the most common form of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Repair of Morgagni hernias is also covered. For acquired conditions, diaphragmatic plication is described to treat unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis by suturing the paralyzed hemidiaphragm. Overall causes and diagnosis of diaphragmatic paralysis are reviewed.
Conjoined twins
This document discusses a case of conjoined twins in a 25-year-old pregnant woman. An ultrasound at 37 weeks showed twin gestation with a single placenta and separate sacs. During labor, a second baby was discovered and the woman underwent an emergency C-section. She delivered thoraco-omphalopagus conjoined twins that were stillborn with several abnormalities. Conjoined twins occur in approximately 1 in 50,000 births where the twins are joined, and the document discusses the different types and embryology of conjoined twins. Early prenatal diagnosis is important for management and counseling.
Oesophagealatresia
Esophageal atresia is a birth defect where the esophagus fails to develop properly, resulting in an abnormal connection or closure. It occurs in about 1 in 3,000-4,500 births. Types include atresia without a fistula, or with a proximal or distal fistula. Associated anomalies are present in 25% of cases. Prenatal ultrasound may detect polyhydramnios or an absence of stomach bubbles. After birth, signs include frothy mucus in the mouth or nose and coughing/choking during feeding. Treatment involves stabilizing the infant, then surgical repair of the esophagus. Long term follow up is needed to monitor for complications.
Umbilical cord.pptx
The umbilical cord forms between 5-12 weeks of gestation and is usually 50-60cm long. It contains vessels embedded in Wharton's jelly and transfers nutrients and metabolites between the fetus and placenta. Abnormal cord lengths or structures can impact fetal development. Umbilical cord anomalies seen on ultrasound include cysts, tumors, hematomas, and variations in coiling that may cause growth issues. Other fetal anomalies like omphalocele involve abdominal organs protruding in the umbilical cord. The urachus is a remnant of early development that can rarely cause infections if patent.
Umbilical cord.pptx
The umbilical cord forms between 5-12 weeks of gestation and is usually 50-60cm long. It contains vessels embedded in Wharton's jelly and transfers nutrients and water between the fetus and placenta. Abnormal cord lengths or structures can impact fetal development. Umbilical cord anomalies seen on ultrasound include cysts, tumors, hematomas, and variations in coiling that may cause growth issues. Other fetal anomalies like omphalocele involve abdominal organs protruding in the umbilical cord. The urachus is a remnant of early development that can rarely cause infections if patent.
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a condition characterized by thickening of the pyloric muscle which causes gastric outlet obstruction. It typically presents in infants at 2-8 weeks of age with projectile, non-bilious vomiting after feeding. Diagnosis can be made with abdominal ultrasound or upper GI series showing signs like the "doughnut sign". Treatment involves resuscitation followed by pyloromyotomy, which divides the thickened pyloric muscle fibers laparoscopically or via open surgery. Prognosis is excellent with timely treatment.
Hernia
1. Hernias occur when an organ or tissue protrudes through a weakness in the muscle or surrounding tissue wall. Common childhood hernias include inguinal, umbilical, diaphragmatic, omphalocele, and gastroschisis.
2. Inguinal hernias occur when abdominal contents protrude through the inguinal canal. Umbilical hernias involve protrusion through the abdominal wall near the navel and often close on their own.
3. Omphalocele and gastroschisis are congenital defects where abdominal organs protrude outside the body. They require surgical repair to return organs to the abdominal cavity.
10. abdominal wall defects dr fidel
The document discusses abdominal wall defects and hernias. It describes the anatomy of the abdominal wall and various types of hernias that can occur, including umbilical, epigastric, incisional, and internal hernias. It also discusses congenital abdominal wall defects like gastroschisis and omphalocele. Surgical repair techniques are mentioned for different hernia types.
Abdominal wall defects
This document discusses abdominal wall defects including omphalocele and gastroschisis from an embryological perspective. It describes how the lateral body wall folds normally fuse during development to form the abdominal wall, and defects occur when this process fails. For omphalocele, failure of intestines to return to the body cavity results in a sac-covered defect containing organs. For gastroschisis, failure of the umbilical coelom to develop results in intestines herniating through a defect by the umbilicus. Initial management focuses on protecting exposed organs, with surgical closure of the defect as soon as possible.
abdominal wall
The document discusses various abdominal wall defects including hernias. It describes the anatomy and embryology of the abdominal wall and covers different types of hernias such as umbilical, epigastric, incisional and congenital defects. Diagnosis and repair techniques involving primary closure or mesh are discussed for each type of hernia.
10 Abdominal Wall Defects Dr Fidel
The document discusses various abdominal wall defects including hernias. It describes the anatomy and embryology of the abdominal wall and covers topics such as ventral, umbilical, epigastric and incisional hernias. Rare hernias like spigelian, lumbar and pelvic floor hernias are also mentioned. The document provides details on diagnosis and various surgical repair techniques for different abdominal wall defects.
EA - Copy - Copy.ppt
This document provides information on tracheo-esophageal fistula (TEF). It discusses the embryology, anatomy, classification, associated anomalies, symptoms, diagnosis, management including surgical repair, and postoperative complications of TEF. TEF is an abnormal connection between the esophagus and trachea that occurs due to a disruption in the separation of the respiratory and digestive tubes during embryonic development. Surgical repair involves ligating the fistula and anastomosing the esophageal ends. Complications include anastomotic leaks, strictures, and recurrent fistula formation.
EA - Copy - Copy.ppt
This document discusses tracheo-esophageal fistula (TEF), including its history, epidemiology, embryology, anatomy, classification, associated anomalies, symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis, preoperative management, and surgical repair. Key points include:
- TEF is an abnormal connection between the esophagus and trachea that often occurs with esophageal atresia.
- It has no known cause but risk factors include certain medications in pregnancy and maternal diabetes.
- Surgical repair via thoracotomy aims to ligate the fistula and anastomose the esophageal ends in a single stage for optimal outcomes.
- Prognosis depends on factors like birth weight and presence of cardiac defects.
Conjoint twins - case n review
My presentation of a clinical case and related review of the topic of conjoint twins from the perspective of a pediatrician
Prenatal imaging of git & Liver
This document discusses various gastrointestinal abnormalities that can be detected prenatally. It covers conditions like esophageal atresia, absent or small stomach, intestinal obstructions, and meconium issues. Key points include that esophageal atresia is often associated with tracheoesophageal fistulas and VACTERL syndrome. A persistently absent stomach should trigger testing due to risk of aneuploidy. Intestinal obstructions can involve the duodenum, jejunum, or ileum, and be detected by dilation of loops. Meconium peritonitis results from bowel perforation and carries risk of postnatal surgery. Echogenic bowel raises risk of conditions like aneuploidy and cystic fibrosis
Infantile hypertropic pyloric stenosis.pptx
This document provides information on infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). It summarizes that IHPS is a condition characterized by hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle which causes gastric outlet obstruction. It most commonly affects young infants, especially males. Surgical pyloromyotomy is the treatment of choice and has excellent outcomes when performed after resuscitation from dehydration caused by projectile vomiting from gastric outlet obstruction.
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Ultrasound november 17
ULTRASOUND IMAGE GALLERY
• ENDOMETRIUM ( 3D) ( NORMAL / FLUID DISTENDED / INDENTED BY FIBROIDS)
• FEMALE HYDROCELE ( CYST IN CANAL OF NUCK)
• PATENT PROCESSUS VAGINALIS
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Usg image gallery nov 16
This document summarizes several ultrasound examinations performed by Dr. Arun Gupta and colleagues. It includes summaries of chorionic-amniotic separation, angulation in the fetal spine, giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath, pelvic floor ultrasound examining the levator sling, ureterocoele, and stenosis of the spermatic artery. Definitions, ultrasound findings, and images are provided for each condition.
Usg image gallery advanced usg lounge
1. Sonoelastography aims to distinguish normal tissue from hard lesions by determining their mechanical stiffness when strain is applied. Malignant tumors are typically stiffer than benign lesions.
2. A ranula is a benign cyst that develops from obstruction of a sublingual or minor salivary gland. Ultrasound is used to identify the connection between the cyst and sublingual space.
3. Vascular malformations are heterogeneous lesions affecting arteries, capillaries, veins or lymphatics. Slow flow Doppler settings can identify near-superficial lesions like capillary malformations.
Ultrasound image gallery 2016 (2)
This document contains information on various ultrasound findings including:
1. Intracapsular rupture of a breast implant seen as the "stepladder sign" of multiple parallel linear echoes within the implant lumen.
2. Strangulated umbilical hernia seen as inflammation and edema in herniated fat and gut suggesting vascular compromise.
3. Aggressive periosteal reaction on bone seen as interrupted lamellated or "onion skin" patterns indicating rapid bone formation from infection or malignancy.
4. Diverticulitis seen as focal fat stranding next to a colonic diverticulum with possible fluid or gas locules.
Ultrasound image gallery 2016
This document provides an overview of ultrasound cases from Advanced USG Lounge in India. It includes summaries of various medical conditions that were imaged and documented, such as synovial chondromatosis, infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, transient enteroenteric intussusception, retrocecal appendix, mammary duct ectasia, various fetal anomalies, and pelvic varicosities. The document also provides references for diagnostic ultrasound and fetal anomalies.
Ultrasound image gallery
ADACTYLY IN FETUS
PORENCEPHALIC CYST IN FETUS
SEPTO-OPTIC DYSPLASIA IN FETUS
MUSCLE HERNIA IN ADULT
FETAL REDUCTION
AGENESIS OF CORPUS CALLOSUM
FLAT FETAL FACIAL PROFILE
3 d power doppler angiogram
The document summarizes several ultrasound scans performed at an advanced ultrasound lounge. It includes scans of a submucosal uterine fibroid showing a focal intracavitary lesion with peripheral vascularity on power Doppler. It also shows a 3D rendered image of an ectopic tubal pregnancy, depicting a vascular rim around the right side ectopic. Finally, it displays endometrial, subendometrial, and myometrial blood flow images on 3D power Doppler angiogram.
Anterior ectopic anus advanced usg lounge
This document summarizes several urogenital ultrasound cases, including:
1. Anterior ectopic anus in infants, which can cause constipation.
2. A scrotal lipoma, which is a benign fatty tumor, seen on the right side of a patient.
3. A case of posterior urethral valves, which is a congenital obstruction of the urethra that commonly causes urinary issues in infants. The case showed dilatation of the proximal urethra and reflux in the right kidney.
Transcranial doppler advanced usg lounge
This document discusses the use of trans cranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound in newborns and infants to assess various brain conditions. TCD can be used to evaluate asphyxia, edema, hemorrhage, stroke, hydrocephalus, CSF dynamics, and vascular malformations. It describes the different windows used to perform TCD and images various brain vessels and structures that can be visualized. TCD is also used to assess intracranial hemodynamics in hydrocephalus and cystic encephalomalacia.
Advanced usg lounge fetal pulmonary sequestration
This document discusses pulmonary sequestration, a rare congenital condition where a piece of lung tissue develops abnormally and is not connected to the normal bronchial airway or pulmonary blood supply. It can be diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound. Pulmonary sequestrations are classified as intra-lobar, located within a normal lung lobe, or extra-lobar, located outside the normal lung. The majority receive their blood supply from the thoracic or abdominal aorta, while others may be supplied by various arteries like the subclavian or celiac. This specific case report describes an ultrasound finding of a focal wedge-shaped hyper echoic area in the basal aspect of a fetus's left lower lobe, supplied
Advanced usg lounge 3 d image gallery
This document lists the names of several doctors, including Dr Arun Gupta as the director of imaging, who work at an advanced ultrasound lounge that provides 3D ultrasound imaging and has an ultrasound image gallery.
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MUSCULOSKELETAL USG
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Fetal anomaly series prune belly syndrome.
This document discusses Prune Belly Syndrome, a rare genetic birth defect affecting 1 in 40,000 births, mostly males. It consists of a triad of symptoms: 1) gross ureteric dilatation, 2) anterior abdominal wall underdevelopment resulting in a "prune belly" appearance, and 3) bilateral undescended testes. Ultrasound findings that can indicate Prune Belly Syndrome include a dilated bladder/ureters, distended abdomen, and lack of amniotic fluid. The syndrome results in an underdeveloped or absent abdominal muscle wall, urinary tract abnormalities, and undescended testes in males.
ADVANCED USG LOUNGE FETAL FEET
This ultrasound report describes findings of bilateral club foot, or talipes varus, in a fetus. The mother is in her second pregnancy at 15 weeks and 6 days based on her last menstrual period. Sonogram findings show bilateral club foot, which is possibly an isolated abnormality. The rest of the scan was normal. Classical talipes varus involves a spectrum of contractures and tendon abnormalities of the feet and ankles. It can be isolated or associated with neurological or neuromuscular defects. The report provides details on the ultrasound findings of the club foot and normal anatomy of the fetus.
Advanced usg lounge gynaecology imaging series
1) The document discusses haematometrocolpos and haematosalpinx, which are conditions where blood or fluid accumulates in the uterus or fallopian tubes due to obstruction.
2) Causes of obstruction include acquired issues like cervical stenosis or radiation fibrosis, and congenital issues like an imperforate hymen.
3) Key ultrasound findings that can help identify these conditions are outlined, including a distended endometrial cavity and vagina in haematometrocolpos, and cogwheel, beads on a string, and waist signs in haematosalpinx.
Torsion testis final
Torsion testis is a condition where the testicle twists around the spermatic cord, obstructing blood flow. It is more common in boys and requires immediate surgery to preserve the testis. The document discusses the types, signs, and ultrasound findings of torsion testis. Ultrasound can detect changes in testis orientation, blood flow, and presence of a "torsion knot." Findings are compared between normal and ischemic testes. Potential pitfalls in diagnosis include partial torsion with some blood flow or prior detorsion mimicking orchitis. Prompt diagnosis via ultrasound is important to determine if surgery is needed.
Acute tenosynovitis
This document discusses tenosynovitis, an inflammation of a tendon sheath. It provides details on the ultrasound findings of tenosynovitis including thickening of the tendon sheath and fluid distending the tendon sheath. Power Doppler imaging can show increased vascularity in acute tenosynovitis. The document also discusses terminology such as tendinitis, which is inflammation of the tendon, and peritendinitis, which is inflammation of the paratenon surrounding the tendon.
Anencephaly
This document discusses anencephaly, a neural tube defect characterized by the absence of the cranial vault, cerebral hemispheres, and diencephalic structures. These structures are replaced by a flattened, amorphous vascular-neural mass called the area cerebrovasculosa. Early detection of anencephaly can be attempted via ultrasound as early as 14 weeks gestation by assessing the frontal bones, but diagnosis should not be made before 10 weeks. The outcome of anencephaly is always fatal and termination is offered.
Pedicle artery sign
1. The pedicle artery sign refers to visualization of a feeding artery in the pedicle or stalk of an endometrial lesion on color Doppler sonography.
2. The pedicle artery sign can help identify endometrial polyps and differentiate them from other lesions like subendometrial fibroids.
3. Demonstrating the pedicle artery sign may negate the need for sonohysterography to show an endometrial polyp.
Dilated intra abdominal fetal umbilical vein
1) The ultrasound scan found a dilated intra-fetal prehepatic part of the umbilical vein in a 22-week fetus. The rest of the study was normal.
2) Varix of the intra-fetal umbilical vein is defined as a focal dilatation of the intra-abdominal portion of the umbilical vein that is at least 1.5 times greater than the diameter of the intrahepatic umbilical vein.
3) Lesions like these require follow-up to monitor for signs of hemodynamic deterioration or cardiac failure, as the dilatation could increase cardiac workload and potentially lead to heart failure.
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Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
About AOMA: The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin offers a masters-level graduate program in acupuncture and Oriental medicine, preparing its students for careers as skilled, professional practitioners. AOMA is known for its internationally recognized faculty, award-winning student clinical internship program, and herbal medicine program. Since its founding in 1993, AOMA has grown rapidly in size and reputation, drawing students from around the nation and faculty from around the world. AOMA also conducts more than 20,000 patient visits annually in its student and professional clinics. AOMA collaborates with Western healthcare institutions including the Seton Family of Hospitals, and gives back to the community through partnerships with nonprofit organizations and by providing free and reduced price treatments to people who cannot afford them. The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin is located at 2700 West Anderson Lane. AOMA also serves patients and retail customers at its south Austin location, 4701 West Gate Blvd. For more information see www.aoma.edu or call 512-492-303434.
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One of the basic concepts of gene therapy is to transform viruses into genetic shuttles, which will deliver the gene of interest into the target cells.
Safe methods have been devised to do this, using several viral and non-viral vectors.
In the future, this technique may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patient's cells instead of using drugs or surgery.
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Protection of transgene or genetic cargo from degradative action of systemic and endonucleases,
Delivery of genetic material to the target site, i.e., either cell cytoplasm or nucleus,
Low potential of triggering unwanted immune responses or genotoxicity,
Economical and feasible availability for patients .
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Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
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In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s Perspective
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Challenges associated with ageing from a public health perspective
Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
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fetal imaging omphalocele
- 1. FREE LANCE RADIOLOGY Fetal sonogram with Herniated anterior abdominal mass ( MEDIAN) with liver and small bowel as contents of herniation. The herniated contents are covered with membrane ( contained ) . These findings are s/o OMPHALOCELE ( extra corporeal liver)
- 2. DEFINITION PATHOGENESIS Intracorporeal Liver Extrusion of the fetal ( only bowel abdominal contents into the herniates , No liver in the herniated contents) . This type of omphalocele base of the cord . is diagnosed after 12wks Herniated mass is covered ( physiological herniation of bowel with parietal peritoneum is a d/d before 12 wks ) . The etiology for this type of and amniotic membrane omphalocele is Persistence of with wharton’s jelly in primitive body stalk and failure of between peritoneum and the bowel to return to abdomen amniotic membrane. after 12wks . Extra corporeal liver ( only liver is herniated ) . This type of omphalocele can be diagnosed before 12 wks also . This type of omphalocele is sequel to defective growth of the lateral
- 3. ASSOCIATIONS Trisomy 18, 13, 21 The extent of the Turners Association with Klinfelter anomalies is high when CNS anomalies herniated contents have GI anomalies GU anomalies smll bowel with Cardiac anomalies ( 50 oligohydramnios / %). polyhydramnios . Beckwith wiedmen syndrome . Cloacal exstophy .
- 4. RADIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS FINDINGS Anterior abdominal mass is MSAFP appreciated in median plane Acetylcholinesterase Define the site of cord insertion ( in omphalocele cord insertion positive . is on the apex of the herniated mass). Define the covering membranes with associated ascites . In ompahloccele hernaited visera is contained ( c/f gastroschisis where herniated viscera is free floating and paramedian : Rt sided ) . Due to presence of the protective memberanes : Bowel thickening or dilation is not usually seen in omphalocele ( c/f gastroschisis)
- 5. THE RADIOLOGICAL RESPONSIBILITY SUGGESTIVE ……………. Define the appearance of Fetal echocardiography the omphalocele . Karyotype . Look for covering memberanes / ascites . Delivery in tertiary care Define the presence / Genetic counselling . absence of the liver . ( intra / extra corporeal ) . Ratio of the herniated mass to transverse diameter of the abdomen ( >60 % in omphalocele )
- 6. Anterior abdominal mass with covering membranes . Note is made of herniation of the liver .
- 7. ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL WITH ECHOGENIC BOWEL AS HERNIATED CONTENT .
- 8. MEDIAN HERNIATION OF THE ABDOMINAL CONTENTS INTO THE BASE OF THE UMBILICAL CORD WITH CORD INSERTION ON THE TOP OF THE HERNIATED CONTENTS CORD INSERTION ON THE TOP CORD INSERTION ON THE TOP OF HERNIATION ( GREY SCALE) OF HERNIATION ( COLOR DOPPLER)