Sonosalpingography. Dr. Sharda Jain, Dr. Jyoti Agarwal Lifecare Centre
Evaluation of fallopian tubes forms an essential part of evaluation
Tubal pathology is a cause of infertility in 30- 35% of infertile patients
Tubal Assessment
Fallopian tubes can be assessed by:
Hysterosalpingography
Hysterosalpingo-contrast-sonography (HycoSy)
Sonosalpingography
Laparoscopy & CHROMOTUBATION
Sonosalpingography. Dr. Sharda Jain, Dr. Jyoti Agarwal Lifecare Centre
Evaluation of fallopian tubes forms an essential part of evaluation
Tubal pathology is a cause of infertility in 30- 35% of infertile patients
Tubal Assessment
Fallopian tubes can be assessed by:
Hysterosalpingography
Hysterosalpingo-contrast-sonography (HycoSy)
Sonosalpingography
Laparoscopy & CHROMOTUBATION
Seminar presentation by 5th year Medical Student under the supervision of a pediatric surgery specialist from HRPZ II. Reference as mentioned in the slide.
ADACTYLY IN FETUS
PORENCEPHALIC CYST IN FETUS
SEPTO-OPTIC DYSPLASIA IN FETUS
MUSCLE HERNIA IN ADULT
FETAL REDUCTION
AGENESIS OF CORPUS CALLOSUM
FLAT FETAL FACIAL PROFILE
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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
1. Dr Arun Gupta
Director imaging
Dr Rakhee gupta
Dr Vinayak Mittal
Dr Niharika
Mahajan
Dr Samkit k Sagma
Dr Varun
Dr Ritesh Mahajan
• ENDOMETRIUM
( NORMAL / FLUID DISTENDED /
INDENTED BY FIBROIDS)
• FEMALE HYDROCELE
( CYST IN CANAL OF NUCK)
• PATENT PROCESSUS VAGINALIS
• GRADE FOUR CLEFT LIP / PALATE
• ELASTOGRAM IN TORSION TESTIS
ADVANCED
USG LOUNGE
2. ENDOMETRIAL
CAVITY
A (fairly) normal uterine cavity and endometrial lining are
necessary in order to conceive and maintain a pregnancy. There
are several conditions related to the cavity or the lining that can
cause problems. 3 D RENDERED IMAGES CAN HELP IN
FAIR VISUALIZATION OF CONTOUR AND CONTENTS OF
CAVITY .
5. FETAL HEAD
DORSUM OF
FETALTORSO
FLUID
IN ENDOMETRIAL CAVITY
Fluid in the endometrial cavity
can result from a number of causes
if excessive and associated with distension.
Pathology
There are essentially three types of fluid:
hydrometra: simple fluid
haematometra haemorrhagic content / clot
pyometra: pus
Premenopausal
normal (i.e. physiological)
cervical stenosis
imperforate hymen
Postmenopausal
Often a concern and some advocate the presence
of echogenic fluid or an accompanying
abnormal endometrial thickness as an indication
for endometrial sampling
• cervical stenosis
• endometrial carcinoma
• endometrial hyperplasia
• endometrial polyp
• cervical polyp
• use of oestrogen replacement therapy
Normal endometrial contour and thickness and
relatively homogenous Fluid with no mid level echoes
s/o BENIGN ETIOLOGY.
6. Spermatic cord hydrocele
(SCH) refers to loculated fluid
collection along the spermatic cord.
It separated from and located above
the testicle and the epididymis.
It results from aberrant closure of the
processus vaginalis.
There are two recognised sub types
ENCYSTED HYDROCELE -
fluid collection does not
communicate with the peritoneum
above or the tunica vaginalis below.
FUNICULAR HYDROCELE -
fluid collection communicates with
the peritoneum at the internal
inguinal ring but does not
communicate with the tunica
vaginalis
PATENT PROCESSUS VAGINALIS
7. PATENT PROCESSUS VAGINALIS
No communication with tunica vaginalis .
There is communication with peritoneum
HENCE FUNICULAR HYDROCELE ( SUBTYPE OF
SPERMATIC CORD HYDROCELE) IS CONSIDERED
8. Hydrocele of the canal
of Nuck is a rare
condition in female
children caused by a
failure of complete
obliteration of the canal
of Nuck . The canal of
Nuck is an abnormal
patent pouch of
peritoneum extending
anterior to the round
ligament of the uterus
into the labia
majora .Incomplete
obliteration of this canal
(patent processus
vaginalis) can result in
either an inguinal
hernia or a hydrocoele .
FEMALE HYDROCELE
CYST OF CANAL OF NUCK
( swelling in inguino-labial Region)
IMPORTANT THINGS :
No communication with
the peritoneum should be
visible in case of a
hydrocoele .There should be
no change with the
Valsalva maneuver .
Ultrasound is particularly
useful because of its “real-
time” nature and ability to
precisely depict superficial
structures .Ultrasound is an
excellent technique to help
exclude the presence of
bowel in the swelling as
seen in an inguinal hernia
9. Cystic focus
appreciated in
INGUINO-LABIAL
REGION ( RT SIDE)
1. NON REDUCIBLE
2. NON TENDER
3. NO SEPTAE/ DEBRIS/
LOCULI IN IT .
4. NO COMMUNICATION
WITH PERITONEUM
5. NO CHANGE WITH
VALSALVAE
6. BOWEL EXCLUDED.
FEMALE HYDROCELE
CYST OF CANAL OF NUCK
( swelling in inguino-labial Region)
10. An upper lip defect may be seen
and is best appreciated on
angled coronal scanning. A
vertical hypo-echoic region
through the fetal upper lip
usually represents the defect in
cleft lip. This finding may be
corroborated by a similar defect
of the soft tissues of the upper
lip overlying the maxilla
in the axial plane.
The palate can be examined in
the transverse (axial) plane. 3D
ultrasound may further assist in
diagnosis. It is good practice
to comment on fetal
swallowing in real time at
the time, the scan in
performed.
CLEFT LIP AND CLEFT PALATE
HYPOECHOIC DEFECT IN THE
MAXILLARY REGION
BOTH MESENCHYMAL AND BONE
DEFECT
11. The Nyberg 1995 antenatal ultrasound
classification system is divided in 5
types
•Type I: isolated cleft lip alone
•Type II: unilateral cleft lip and
palate
•Type III: bilateral cleft lip and palate
( seen as premaxillary echogenic
mass )
•Type IV: midline/median cleft lip
and palate
•Type V: facial clefts associated with
the amniotic band syndrome or
the limb-body-wall complex
An isolated cleft palate is almost
impossible to diagnose in-utero and is
not part of this classification.