The document provides details about performing and interpreting a fetal anatomy scan between 18-20 weeks of gestation. It describes assessing various fetal anatomical structures including the brain, skull, abdomen, lungs, heart, spine, and limbs. Key measurements and normal ranges are outlined. Common congenital anomalies that may be detected on the scan are also described for various structures. The purpose of the anatomy scan is to evaluate fetal anatomy and screen for potential fetal anomalies.
In this presentation we will discuss
First trimester US especially TVS is an integral part for confirmation of intrauterine pregnancy and to rule out ectopic pregnancy.
First trimester US helps us in suggesting conceptus viability.
First trimester US especially TVS is very efficient in approaching and evaluating the cause of vaginal bleeding.
In this presentation we will discuss
First trimester US especially TVS is an integral part for confirmation of intrauterine pregnancy and to rule out ectopic pregnancy.
First trimester US helps us in suggesting conceptus viability.
First trimester US especially TVS is very efficient in approaching and evaluating the cause of vaginal bleeding.
Obstetric ultrasound uses sound waves to produce pictures of a baby (embryo or fetus) within a pregnant woman, as well as the mother's uterus and ovaries. It does not use ionizing radiation, has no known harmful effects, and is the preferred method for monitoring pregnant women and their unborn babies.
ultrasonography in obstetrics, usg in obstetrics, ultrasound in obstetrics, doppler in obstetrics, usg doppler in obstetrics, signs in ultrasound, anomaly scan, pregnancy scan, ultrasound in pregnancy,
Obstetric ultrasonography, or prenatal ultrasound, is the use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy, in which sound waves are used to create real-time visual images of the developing embryo or fetus in the uterus.
Obstetric ultrasound uses sound waves to produce pictures of a baby (embryo or fetus) within a pregnant woman, as well as the mother's uterus and ovaries. It does not use ionizing radiation, has no known harmful effects, and is the preferred method for monitoring pregnant women and their unborn babies.
ultrasonography in obstetrics, usg in obstetrics, ultrasound in obstetrics, doppler in obstetrics, usg doppler in obstetrics, signs in ultrasound, anomaly scan, pregnancy scan, ultrasound in pregnancy,
Obstetric ultrasonography, or prenatal ultrasound, is the use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy, in which sound waves are used to create real-time visual images of the developing embryo or fetus in the uterus.
Three-dimensional Ultrasound: Techniques and Applications in ObstetricsLindsay Meyer
Ultrasound has been used in medicine for over half a century, and is recognized as a non-invasive, non-radiative, and inexpensive imaging modality. Three-dimensional (“3D”) medical imaging is now being widely employed in the clinical setting. This report reviews the development of ultrasound, its method of function, and its practical applications of 3D ultrasound in fetal embryology and obstetrics.
presentation on ultrasound elastography-introduction ,techniques,physics,application, interpretation and future prospects.sourced from multiple articles.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
2. Period.. 13w od to 27w 6d
Majority between 18-20 w
Routinely performed on all preg women
Emphasizes on fetal anatomy so named …
Fetal Anomaly Scan
2nd
Trimester Anatomy Scan
TIFFA (Targeted Imaging For Fetal Anomalies)TIFFA (Targeted Imaging For Fetal Anomalies)
ScanScan
9. MeasurementMeasurement
The outer table of the skull on the superior end of the image upto theThe outer table of the skull on the superior end of the image upto the
inner table of the skull at the inferior end of the imageinner table of the skull at the inferior end of the image
BPD
10. Not useful when the head shape is abnormal i.e, elongated or excessively roundNot useful when the head shape is abnormal i.e, elongated or excessively round
..
BPD is commonly affected by fetal position. Eg. Breech presentationBPD is commonly affected by fetal position. Eg. Breech presentation
Better to use the parameter ofBetter to use the parameter of CEPHALIC INDEX (CI)CEPHALIC INDEX (CI), instead of BPD alone., instead of BPD alone.
Also, the CI remains constant during the 3Also, the CI remains constant during the 3rdrd
trimester.trimester.
Cephalic Index (CI) = BPD / OFD X 100Cephalic Index (CI) = BPD / OFD X 100
26. Measured by adding the values of individual amniotic pocket depths (in cm's) forMeasured by adding the values of individual amniotic pocket depths (in cm's) for
each of the four quadrantseach of the four quadrants
Pocket chosen is free from the cord or any fetal part or placental tissue.Pocket chosen is free from the cord or any fetal part or placental tissue.
The normal range for amniotic fluid volumes varies with gestational age.The normal range for amniotic fluid volumes varies with gestational age.
AFI of < 5 OligohydramniosAFI of < 5 Oligohydramnios
5 - 25cm NORMAL5 - 25cm NORMAL
AFI of > 25 PolyhydramniosAFI of > 25 Polyhydramnios
27. MAXIMAL VERTICAL POCKETMAXIMAL VERTICAL POCKET
<< 2 cm : Oligohydramnios 2 cm : Oligohydramnios
> 8 cm : Polyhydramnios> 8 cm : Polyhydramnios
2-8 Cm Normal
28. fetal anatomy assessment
Its imp to go through all-complete coverage--> then
no major abnormalities will be missed
29. Head & Brain
Cranial structures to Note at routine anat. Scan
1.Head shape
2.Ventricle
3.CSP
4.Thalamus
5.Cist Magna
6.Nuchal fold
7.cerebellum
31. ANENCEPHALYANENCEPHALY
No skull vault / cranium is seen.No skull vault / cranium is seen.
Brain tissue absentBrain tissue absent
ACRANIAACRANIA
Cranium is absentCranium is absent
Major part of the brain tissue mayMajor part of the brain tissue may
present .present .
Replaced by flattend amorphous massReplaced by flattend amorphous mass
(EXENCEPHALY)(EXENCEPHALY)
33. MENINgoCELEMENINgoCELE
When it contains only meningesWhen it contains only meninges
MENINgoENCEPHALoCELEMENINgoENCEPHALoCELE
Brain tissue is included in theBrain tissue is included in the
herniated tissue.herniated tissue.
CEPHALoCELE
Intracranial tissue herniates
Through a defect in cranium
34. May be seen as a purely cysticMay be seen as a purely cystic
mass or may contain echoes frommass or may contain echoes from
herniated brain tissue.herniated brain tissue.
If the mass appears cystic, theIf the mass appears cystic, the
Meningoecele componentMeningoecele component
predominatespredominates, while a solid masssolid mass
indicates predominantly anindicates predominantly an
EncephaloceleEncephalocele.
Larger encephalocoeles may showLarger encephalocoeles may show
accompanying microcephaly.accompanying microcephaly.
36. Atrial Width
Most useful and accepted
Must be taken on true axial view
Measured at widest part of ventricles
Inner to inner vent walls
10-12 borderline
12-15 moderate
>15 severe
38. May be Unilateral orMay be Unilateral or
Bilateral.Bilateral.
Usually transient & benign.Usually transient & benign.
Seen in fetus normallySeen in fetus normally
between 16 – 21 weeks, afterbetween 16 – 21 weeks, after
which they start regressingwhich they start regressing..
39. HOLOPROCENCEPHALY
Resulting from incomplete separation of theResulting from incomplete separation of the
two hemisherestwo hemisheres
3 types… ALOBAR3 types… ALOBAR
SEMILOBARSEMILOBAR
LOBARLOBAR
40. No inerhemisheric division..they
are fused
Absent Corpus Callosum
Single ventricle….Horse-shoe
Thalami fused
Absent olfac tract
ALOBA
R
44. DANDY-WALKER MALFORMATION
1. Cystic dilatation of 4th
vent.
Communicating with post fossa
2. Enlarged post fossa
3. Elevated Tentorium
4. Hypoplastic or absent vermis
45. Dandy-Walker Variant
Less severe form of classic DWM
Partial Hypoplasia of vermis
Partial 4th
vent obstruction
Not much enlargement of post fossa
47. Physiological Emptying : TransientPhysiological Emptying : Transient
Lack Of Amnionitc Fluid ToLack Of Amnionitc Fluid To
SwallowSwallow
Oligohydramnios Oligohydramnios
Anhydramnios Anhydramnios
Impaired Fetal SwallowingImpaired Fetal Swallowing
Esophageal AtresiaEsophageal Atresia
Obstructing Oropharyngeal Mass Obstructing Oropharyngeal Mass
Cervical TeratomaCervical Teratoma
Facial CleftsFacial Clefts
CongenitalCongenital
DiaphragmaticDiaphragmatic
HerniationHerniation ::
fetal stomach may be absentfetal stomach may be absent
in an axial ultrasound scan –in an axial ultrasound scan –
standard view due tostandard view due to
migration into the thoraxmigration into the thorax
Absent stomach bubble
49. 2nd
bubble equal or smaller than stomach bubble
Shows communication with stomach
D/D…Duodenal atresia
Choledochal cyct
Duplication cyst
Double bubble sign
Another bubble adjacent to stomach bubble
Other than GB
D.atresia
50.
51. Look for ant abd wall with cord insertion…
Para-umbilical abdominalPara-umbilical abdominal
wall defectwall defect..
Herniation fetal bowel loopsHerniation fetal bowel loops
occasionally portions oroccasionally portions or
the stomach and or liver intothe stomach and or liver into
amniotic cavityamniotic cavity
GASTROSCHISIS
Free floating
Not Covered
GASTROSCHISIS
52. Midline abdominal wall defectsMidline abdominal wall defects
Herniation of intra abd contentsHerniation of intra abd contents
into base of cordinto base of cord
OMPHALOCELE
56. Fetal kidney seen from 14 wks
Can be identified through renal art
Renal agenesis..renal artery are also absent
B/L Ren agenesis associated with oligo /anhydramnios
Measurement of Renal pelvis AP diam
inner to inner aspect of pelvis
upper limit 4-5 mm in 2nd
trimester
Look for Renal cystic ds
UROGENITAL SYSTEM
57. Fetal bladder visible after 12 wk
Over distended bladder
B/L Hydro-urtero nephrosis
Obstructive uropathy
93. Occupy 1/3 – ½ of thorax
Cardiac position & situs is
Imp
Apex points toward Lt
Lt atr close to spine
Rt Vent close to chest wall
HEART
94. 2 ventricles/ walls of equal size
2 atria / walls of equal size
Foramen ovale moving in left atrium
Pulmonary veins entering left atrium
Motion of mitral valves (left side) regular
Motion of tricuspid valves (right side) regular
Continuity of interventri septum
Check at a Glance
95. The ultrasound beam is directed
perpendicular to the midchest
plane at the level of the heart.
These chambers consist of the
right and left atrial and both
ventricular chambers
Corresponding valves between
them
Four-Chamber View