The document describes different types of wall constructions including cavity brick walls, timber frame walls, insulated brick block walls, stone walls, and render finishes. Cavity brick walls have an inner and outer brick leaf with insulation between and ties connecting them. Timber frame walls use timber studs with various outer finishes and insulation incorporated. Insulated brick block walls consist of a brick outer leaf, block inner leaf, and insulation fixed to the inner leaf. Stone walls can use natural or manmade stone with an appropriate inner leaf. Render finishes provide weatherproofing and decoration applied in layers over a wall surface.

1. Wall Types

2. Cavity Brick Walling

3.  Cavity brick walling is a brick inner and out leaf construction that may or
may not be insulated.
 The inner and outer leafs are tied together with wall ties.
 Insulation is used to retain heat in the building making it thermally
comfort.
 The insulation is normally attached to the inner leaf.
 A cavity is left to allow air to circulate and to drain any moisture coming
through the outer leaf.
 Weep holes are fitted to the outer leaf to allow any moisture to drain out.
Cavity Brick Walling

4. Timber Frame Walling

5.  Timber frame walling is commonly used in house or flat
construction.
 It has a very good thermal properties
 The outer leaf can be made from various finishes, timer, plastic,
brick, block or stone.
 The inner leaf supports the load of the building, the outer leaf is a
weatherproofing decorative layer.
 Insulation is incorporated into the timber studding.
Timber Frame Walling

6. Insulated Brick Block Walling

7.  Brick outer leaf and a block inner leaf with or without
insulation fixed to the inner leaf.
 A cavity is left to allow air to circulate and to drain any
moisture coming through the outer leaf.
 Weep holes are fitted to the outer leaf to allow any
moisture to drain out.
Insulated Brick Block Walling

8. Stone Walling

9.  Stone outer leaf with a suitable inner leaf.
 The stone can be natural or man made materials.
 It can be load bearing or non loadbearing.
 It should have weep holes to allow moisture to be drained
from the cavity.
Stone Walling

10. Render Finishes

11.  Rendering is a decorative weather proofing
external finish.
 A scratch coat is applied to a wall, then a finishing
coat is applied to it once it has had time to dry.
 Finishing coats can be dry or wet cast.
 Dry cast is small stone chips or shells cast or
thrown on to a wet mortar coating.
 Wet cast is stone chips mixed into the mortar
which is then cast or thrown onto the scratch coat.
Render Finishes

12. Plasterboarding

13.  Plasterboarding is the internal finish to most
modern wall
 It is made from a sandwich of gypsum with card
outer leafs, size 2.4m x 1.2m
 It can be aimes tapped or plaster finished with
board finish.
 Brick walling is plastered with a browning coat
and then a finish coat is applied.
Plasterboarding

14. Painting

15.  Painting is the decorative finish used on dry wall
plasterboarded or plastered walls.
 A primmer an undercoat is applied to the wall and a minimum
of two coats of emulsion.
Painting

16.  Calculate the wall areas?
 2.4m high x 3.3m wide.
 2.4m high x 3.3m wide with a door opening of 2m x 900mm.
 2.4m high x 4.8m wide with a window of 1.5m x 1.5m and a
door 2m x 800mm
Activity