This document defines and describes various building materials and components. It includes definitions of air barrier paper, different types of attic ventilation such as soffit vents and ridge vents, and machinery like backhoes and bulldozers. It also covers framing elements, doors, windows, electrical components, insulation, plumbing fixtures, roofing materials and terms, masonry units, and other construction topics. Each entry provides a brief description and relevant details about the item.

1. Air Barrier PaperThe air barrier paper is a backup protection put over the sheathing. It allows water vapor to escape while keeping water out of the home.

2. Attic Ventilation-Soffit VentThe soffit vent allows air flow into the attic or space below the roof sheathing.

3. Attic Ventilation-Ridge VentThe ridge vent allows air to circulate into an attic on a gable roof

4. Attic Ventilation- Gable VentThe gable vent is used to exhaust excess heat and humidity from an attic.

5. Attic Ventilation-Roof TurbineRoof turbines draw air out of the attic while bringing in fresh air from the outside

6. BackhoeA backhoe is a machine that excavates and digs. It consists of an arm and a digging bucket. The width of the bucket on this backhoe is 17”.

7. Batter Boards

8. Brick ArchesBrick Arch #1- Segmental ArchBrick Arch #2- Roman Arch

9. Brick Arches (cont)Arch with a KeystoneCentering is temporary framework for an arch

10. Brick BondsBrick Bond #1-This is a running bond because each course alternates stretcher bricks

11. Brick Bonds (cont)Brick Bond #2-This is a Flemish bond because the courses alternate headers and stretchers

12. Brick Bonds (cont)HeaderRowlocksSoldier

13. Brick Bonds (cont)SailorStretcher Rowlocks

14. Brick SizesBrick Size #2Modular brick3 ½” x 2 ¼” x 7 ½”Brick Size #1Utility brick3 ½” x 3 ½” x 11 ½”

15. BulldozerA bulldozer is a piece of machinery used to push large objects that is equipped with a large metal plate. This usually includes soil, sand, or rubble

16. CladdingBrick Clad StructureStone Clad Structure-random rubble patternEIFS clad structure

17. Cladding (cont)Wood shingle definition- shingles that are sawn and used as siding; can be individual shingles or panelsWood shake definition- shingles that are split and used as sidingWood shingle structureWood Board Clad Structure

18. Code Requirements-EgressWindow MeasurementsWidth= 40”Height=27”Area= 7.5 sq. ftSill height AFF= 25”IBC code requirements20” minimum width24” minimum height5.7 sq ft. minimum areaSill height must be less than or equal to 44” AFFThe egress meets IBC code requirements because it’s width and height are more than the minimum. Also, the area is bigger and the sill height is less than code.

19. Code Requirements-StairsStair measurementsTread= 10”Riser= 7 ½”IBC code requirements10” minimum Tread7 ¾” max riserThese stairs barely meet code requirements but the tread meets the minimum and the riser has smaller dimensions than required

20. Concrete JointsA control joint is used to prevent cracking in a slab of concreteCrack near a control joint

21. Concrete Joints (cont)An isolation joint is used to isolate two different concrete structures. They reduce the stress caused by the movement of concrete.Isolation joint that is isolating a column and a slab

22. Concrete Masonry UnitA CMU is a block of hardened concrete that is mainly used to build foundations and sometimes walls. The nominal dimensions of a CMU are 8” x 8” x 16”. The actual size of the blocks are 7 5/8” x 7 5/8” x 15 5/8” to allow for the mortar joints.3 brick courses= 1 CMU2 different sized CMU

23. Decorative Concrete Masonry UnitSplit blockRibbed block

24. DoorsExterior Panel DoorStileExterior Flush DoorTop RailPanelLock RailBottom Rail

25. Doors (cont)Transom- a small window above a door; usually a fixed windowSidelight-a tall, narrow window along side a door

26. Electrical ComponentsTransformer on a power pole- electricity from a power plant comes through the transformer and the voltage is stepped down hereService head- once the voltage is stepped down, it is sent to the service head, where the electricity can enter the house

27. Electrical Components (cont)Service Panel- the main distribution center of a home’s electricity. This is where the local utility lines hook up with the circuits in the house.Electrical meter- electricity is sent through the meter to measure how much is being used in the homeDuplex Receptacle- connect to circuits in the home to supply electricity to appliances in the home

28. Framing Elements2) Sill Plate1) Anchor Bolt

29. Framing Elements (cont)3) Floor Joist4) Subflooring5) Sole Plate

30. Framing Elements (cont)7) Top Plate6) Stud8) Ceiling Joist

31. Framing Elements (cont)9) Rafter10) Roof Decking11) Sheathing12) Stringer

32. Front End LoaderA front end loader is used to load different types of material and carry them. It differs from a backhoe and a bulldozer because it doesn’t dig or push objects.

33. Gypsum BoardGypsum board is an interior facing panel sandwiched between paper faces that is put over studs to be used as walls. It is often called drywall or plasterboard.

34. Heat PumpAn advantage of heat pumps is that they can rapidly heat and cool a house. A disadvantage of heat pumps is that they are noisy, especially the compressor unit.The air handling unit takes the air from the compressor and sends it all throughout the house using the air ducts.The compressor is taking air from outside and transferring it into the home. The air moves across coils that either heat it or cool it.

35. InsulationInsulation is used to slow the exchange of heat in your home. Insulation forms a container around the home to create a thermal envelope.Batt/blanket insulationLoose fill insulation

36. Insulation (cont)Foam InsulationRigid Board Insulation

37. LintelA lintel is a beam used to carry the load of a wall across a window or door openingConcrete Lintel

38. MortarMortar Joint #1This mortar joint is tooled and is ½” wide. It is used on a column of a building. My guess is Type M mortar might have been used on this joint because it is on a column.

39. Mortar (cont)Mortar Joint #2This mortar joint is tooled and is 3/8” wide. It is used as cladding on a building. My guess is Type S mortar might have been used on this joint because it needs to be strong to hold up to the weather elements.

40. Oriented Strand BoardA nonveneered panel product composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions that are glued together and bonded under pressure.

41. PlumbingShower set in framing prior to gypsum board insulationLavatory= 1-1 ½” pipes used to drain itWater Closet= 3” pipes used to drain it

42. Plumbing (cont)Plumbing Roof Vent- VTRs connect to bathroom fixtures and let air into the pipes to maintain pressureKitchen sink- this sink is a drop in

43. PlywoodWood panels that are made of an odd number of thin wood veneers that are glued togetherVeneer- a thin layer, sheet, or facing

44. Radiant BarrierA radiant barrier is a reflective material that inhibits heat transfer by radiation. It is usually placed between the rafters of a roof to deflect the sun’s rays. However, It doesn’t protect against conduction or convention.

45. RebarThe deformations on rebar allow better bonding to concrete. This rebar is ½” and is #4

46. Steep Roof DrainageGutter-a channel that collects rainwater and snowmelt at the eave of a roof and moves it down a downspoutDownspout-a vertical pipe that carries water from the gutter to a lower levelSplashblock-a concrete block that diverts water at the bottom of a downspout to avoid soil erosion

47. Steep Roof MaterialsUnderlayment- a layer of waterproof material between roof sheathing and roofing. It keeps water off of the sheathing and prevents it from entering the homeClay Tile Roof

48. Steep Roof Materials (cont)Shingle- a small unit of water resistant material nailed in overlapping fashion with many other units to render a sloping roof watertightSingle roof that isn’t asphalt

49. Steep Roof Materials (cont)Metal Panel Roof- typically galvanized or aluminized steel are used for metal panels

50. Steep Roof ShapesGable RoofGambrel RoofHip RoofMansard Roof

51. Steep Roof TermsRidge-the level intersection of roof planes at their highest pointValley-the sloping intersection of 2 roof planes where water drains towards it

52. Steep Roof Terms (cont)Rake- the sloping edge of a roofEave-the level, low edge of a roof

53. Steep Roof Terms (cont)Fascia-the exposed vertical face of an eaveBuilding without a fasciaSoffit- the undersurface of a horizontal element of a building of an eave

54. StoneStone in a random rubble patternStone in a coursed rubble pattern

55. Stone (cont)Stone in a coursed ashlar patternStone in a random ashlar pattern

56. Vapor RetarderThe Vapor Retarder restricts the passage of water vapor through a building and is most commonly put on batt insulation. It is usually put on the warm side in winter.Vapor Retarder-brown paper on one side of the insulation

57. WaterproofingWaterproofing is an impervious membrane applied to the outside of a foundation. It keeps water from entering the foundation. This waterproofing is liquid applied.Waterproofing- liquid applied

58. Weep HoleA small opening in brick cladding to permit the drainage of water that accumulates inside a building cavity. It is usually a head joint that is left unmortared to allow water caught in the cavity a place to escape.Weep Hole

59. Wielded Wire Fabric

60. WindowsWindow #1- This is an Awning window because the sash tilts outward and is hinged on the head jamb

61. Windows (cont)Window #2- This is a Casement window because the sash tilts outward and is hinged on a vertical jamb

62. Windows (cont)Window #3- This is a Hopper window because the sash tilts inward and is hinged on the sill