This document discusses different types of wooden flooring materials, including their characteristics, costs, and installation methods. It covers laminate flooring, engineered wood flooring, and solid wood flooring. Laminate flooring is the most affordable starting at Rs. 250/sqm, while solid wood is the most expensive. Engineered wood provides durability between laminate and solid wood at costs of Rs. 1600-14,200/sqm. The document also outlines merits and demerits of each type and describes common installation techniques like floating, glued, and nailed. Proper acclimation and stable indoor conditions are necessary to prevent issues from temperature and humidity changes.
are horizontal elements of building structures which divide building into different levels for the purpose of creating more accommodation with in the restricted space, one above the other and also provide support to the occupants, furniture and equipment of a building.
are horizontal elements of building structures which divide building into different levels for the purpose of creating more accommodation with in the restricted space, one above the other and also provide support to the occupants, furniture and equipment of a building.
Timber - Types of Woods, Plywood, Veneer, Laminate, Blockboard with Market Su...Uma Pandey
Presentation for Interior Students. Market survey on Timber (Plywood, Veneer, Laminate etc) with their prices, thickness and Sizes available in the market
All you need to know about timber in just a single ppt with interesting slides. Hope it hlps! This ppt was created as the result of a teamwork with my classmates
Wooden Flooring, Types of Wooden Flooring and Installation ProcessFuturistech
This is the presentation on the topic Wooden Flooring where I have discussed about what is wooden flooring, it's types and installation process of wooden flooring.
Timber - Types of Woods, Plywood, Veneer, Laminate, Blockboard with Market Su...Uma Pandey
Presentation for Interior Students. Market survey on Timber (Plywood, Veneer, Laminate etc) with their prices, thickness and Sizes available in the market
All you need to know about timber in just a single ppt with interesting slides. Hope it hlps! This ppt was created as the result of a teamwork with my classmates
Wooden Flooring, Types of Wooden Flooring and Installation ProcessFuturistech
This is the presentation on the topic Wooden Flooring where I have discussed about what is wooden flooring, it's types and installation process of wooden flooring.
Follow me on youtube for more awesome presentation
Youtube channel - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCi1h2I3vQHgIpIrSYEX1wfw?view_as=subscriber
...
.
Different types of flooring used in interiors and exteriors.
TDI Hardwood Flooring provides any refinishing and restoration work of all types of dustless sanding, dustless sanding hardwood floors service in Victoria @ http://www.tdihardwoodfloors.com/floor_sanding.html
Different types of flooring and how are they installed.
This presentation gives you a brief description on floor finishes and its installation methods.
Please contact at anisha13naidu@gmail.com for the ppt and I will send it to you.
Presentation on Timber flooring, faults, methods of repair, products and case study.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. Construction Materials
Typologies And Cost
Wooden Flooring
Submitted By :-
Puru Sharma
Rituparna
Shristi Agarwal
Shruti Kapoor
Shailesh Vaishnav
Shubhamkar Bapat
2. Wooden Flooring
• Wood flooring is any product manufactured from timber that is designed for
use as flooring, either structural or aesthetic.
• Wood is a common choice as a flooring material due to its environmental
profile, durability, and restorability, thus it provides value to many
homeowners.
3. Laminate flooring
• Laminate flooring is a compressed fibreboard plank, covered by a
photographic image of wood, stone or tile, with a protective overlay.
Application :-
• Living areas
• Study room
• playrooms
4. • Some laminate floors include a waterproof core, which manufacturers claim
are suitable for bathrooms and kitchens.
• Prices start at ₹250 per sq m, but the cheapest kinds are smooth and
appear relatively unrealistic.
• QuickStep (about 1120-2760 rupees per sq m) and Pergo (about 1500-4250
rupees per sq m).Also it gives more natural look and texture.
5. Merits and De-merits
Merits :-
• It’s cheap and hardwearing.
• Click-lock designs are simple to install.
• A wide variety of imitations of natural
materials are available.
6. Merits and De-merits
De-merits :-
• Even the best laminate flooring won’t look or
feel exactly like the real thing.
• The joins wear over time, and once the surface
is damaged it’s hard to fix. It’s easily swollen by
moisture, and the damage can’t be repaired.
• Poorly laid laminate is a turn-off for homebuyers.
7. Engineered Wood Flooring
• Each floorboard consists of three or four layers of wood, glued together at right angles to
create a plank around 14mm thick.
• It has a real-wood veneer of around 4mm thick on top, which means it can be sanded back
and treated to restore the original finish if it becomes scuffed, worn or damaged.
• It can be used anywhere it won’t be exposed to water or a humid atmosphere.
• It is time-consuming, fiddly and noisy to lay wood on stairs, and in some places it is hard to
achieve a good finish – for instance, around toilet pans and pedestals.
• Prices range from about 1600 rupees per sq m, to more than 14200 rupees per sq m for
expensive woods.
8. Merits and De-merits
Merits :-
• The way it is constructed makes engineered wood
flooring more stable than a piece of solid wood,
and less prone to changes caused by a room’s
temperature or humidity.
• It is more attractive than laminate flooring and
cheaper than comparable solid-wood planks.
9. Merits and De-merits
• There are very few cons, but tongue-and-groove
is harder to install than click-lock.
• It can be a lot more expensive than laminate.
10. Solid Wood Flooring
• Each board is made from a single piece of wood, typically
18-20mm thick. It is usually fitted using tongue-and-groove.
• All types of wood have a hardness score, which
indicates how easily they can be damaged, dented
or worn by everyday wear and tear.
• Solid wood flooring can be sanded back to restore
the finish – the number of times is determined by
how deep the tongue is set from the top of the board.
• It can be used anywhere with a relatively constant
atmosphere, particularly in hallways and living areas
where you can show it off.
11. Merits and De-merits
Merits:-
• It looks fabulous and, provided it’s installed correctly, is an appealing feature if you
decide to sell or let your home.
De-merits:-
• Solid wood flooring swells in damp conditions and shrinks in dry ones.
• It’s the toughest to install because it has to be glued or nailed down, and fitting the
individual boards together can be difficult because they change shape once they’ve
been manufactured.
• Highest price for entry-level products.
17. METHOD OF FIXING THE WOODEN FLOORING FOR
INTERIOR SPACES.
I would like to explain the
three main fitting method
available in India:
I. Floating
II. Glued
III.nailed
18. FLOATING
The floating floor is a floor
that is neither nailed nor
glued to the sub floor.
This floor might be laid over
the sub floor after laying an
appropriate underlay.
It is not recommended for
solid wood flooring.
The floor board are small.
20. GLUED
Fully glued floor fitting is the most
popular choice for fitting.
In this fitting the board are placed
directly on top.
It is fitted on top of UFH(under
floor heating).
This will prevent existence of air
pocket which might occur.
21. NAILED :-
Nailing is the traditional method
used to fit wooden floors.
It is involves what is known in
trade as ”secret nailing”.
Means putting nails through the
tongue of the wooden boards
these nails are covered when
the groove is butted up to the
board.
22. Nailed floor can be laid over timber
battens, directly on to the timber
floor joist after fitting a layer of
plywood or an oriented strand
board(OSB).
23.
24. CONDITIONS TO PROVIDE WOODEN FLOORING:
Wood floors should be installed at the final
stage, prior to decoration. The boards should be
laid lengthways towards the main incoming light
source and, where possible, down the length of
the room.
It is the responsibility of the
owner/installer, to determine that all internal
conditions are stable and suitable for the
installation of the
flooring.
25. To accommodate the natural expansion and
contraction movement of wood 15mm expansion
joints are required around the entire perimeter of
the area to be fitted. This includes doorways and
fireplaces. 5mm expansion gap is provided between
the wooden boards / planks.
The building must be completely enclosed i.e.
doors and windows should be installed .
All the wet construction elements like concrete
,plastering , etc. should be completed and thoroughly
dried before the wooden flooring is provided.
26. permanent heating and air conditioning
systems should be operating at least five
days preceding installation to promote
proper acclimation and should be
maintained during and after installation.
Appropriate humidity and temperature
should be achieved inside the building .
Basements and crawl spaces should be
dry .
27. Acclimating the wood flooring is necessary because there may be chances of
excessive expansion, shrinkage, dimensional distortion or structural damage of
the wooden boards and planks.