1. The visual dictionary provides definitions and descriptions of various construction materials and building components such as air barrier paper, attic ventilation materials, backhoes, batter boards, brick bonds, concrete joints, electrical components, framing elements, insulation types, plumbing fixtures, rebar, roofing materials and terms, and stone types. 2. Each term includes a brief description and relevant details about the material or component's purpose, characteristics, sizes, and uses in construction. 3. The visual dictionary serves as a reference guide, defining and illustrating key materials that make up the fundamental elements of built structures and infrastructure projects.

1. Visual Dictionary

2. Air barrier paperA composite sheet material used as a vapor retarder to control air, control water, and permit water vapor

3. Attic Ventilation MaterialsOpening that allows air to flow into the attic or the space bellow the roof sheathing along with the removal of heat through the upper most part of the roof. This helps keep the attic cool in the summer and allows moisture in the attic to evaporate

4. Attic VentilationSoffit Vent

5. Attic VentilationRidge Vent

6. Attic Ventilation Roof Turbine

7. Attic VentilationGable Vent

8. BackhoeAn excavator whose shovel bucket is attached to a hinged boom and is drawn backwards to move earth. Typically used in digging foundation footers. Bucket was 18’’ in width

9. Batter BoardsA temporary frame built just outside the corner of an excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes of the basement that will be built in the excavation

10. Brick Arches1. Parabolic Keystone Arch

11. Brick Arches2.Gothic Arch

12. Brick Arches3.Roman Arch

13. Brick ArchesCentering-A temporary, usually wooden framework on which an arch, vault, or dome is supported during construction. ...

14. Brick BondsFlemish- brick layed horizontally, the course alternates between headers and stretchers

15. Brick BondsRunning Bond- Stretchers laid horizontally lapping over 50% of brick

16. Brick BondsRowlock- brick laid on narrow long edge side by side

17. Brick BondsHeader- brick layered in a pattern exposing small end

18. Brick BondsSoldier- brick layed vertically exposing narrow side

19. Brick BondsStretcher Rowlock(shiners)

20. Brick BondsSailor

21. Brick sizesModular Brick- 3 5/8’’ x 7 5/8’’ x 2 ¼’’

22. Brick SizesUtility Brick- 3 ½’’ x 11 ½ x 3 1/8

23. BulldozerA heavy driver-operated machine for cleaning and grading land, usually having continuous treads and a broad hydraulic blade in front

24. CladdingDifferent types of materials used as the exterior wall enclosure of a building. Types of cladding are wood shingles, brick, EFIS, stone, and wood board.

25. Cladding1.Wood Shingles- which are sawn where wooden shakes are split

26. Cladding 2.Brick

27. Cladding3.E.F.I.S

28. Cladding4. Stone

29. Cladding5. Wood Board

30. Code requirementsA set of legal restrictions intended to ensure a minimum standard of health and safety in buildings. These stairs had a rise of 7’’ and a run of 10 ½ which meets code requirements.

31. Code RequirementA set of legal restrictions intended to ensure a minimum standard of health and safety in buildings.Net Openings:

32. 20 in. minimum width

33. 24in. Minimum opening height

34. 5.7 sq. ft. minimum area

35. 44 ft. maximum sill heightConcrete jointsControl Joint- groove cut into the top surface of the concrete that allows crack to occur in the joint if the slab is stressed

36. Concrete JointIsolation Joint- used to relieve flexural stresses due to vertical movement allowing expansion and contraction. The brick wall is isolated from the concrete slab.

37. Concrete masonry unitsA block of hardened concrete, with or without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the same manor as a brick or stone. CMU’s are realatively cheap and limited in design but labor intensive.8’’

38. Concrete Masonry UnitsDifferent Size CMU (Nominal Size)8’’x4’’x16’’8’’x12’’x16’’

39. Decorative concrete masonry units1.Split Face CMU

40. Decorative Concrete Masonry Units2. Ribbed Face CMU

41. Doors1.Flush Panel DoorLock Rail

42. Doors2.Panel DoorTop RailPanelStileLock RailBottom Rail

43. DoorsTransom- A horizontal crosspiece typically glass over a door or between a door and a window above it

44. Doors Sidelight- Horizontal side window/glass of different designs to add light aesthetic to a door unit.

45. Electrical components1. Transformer Box-converts voltage of several thousand volts from the substation down to 110/220-volts with a transformer

46. Electrical Components2. Service Head- connects 2 hots and a neutral wire from the transformer to the meter head.

47. Electrical Components3.meter- registers and the amount of kilowatts of electricity used which is recorded by the local power company.

48. Electrical Components4. Service Panel- protects the electrical load of the facility and distributes electricity into individual circuts and branches for fixtures, switches, and outlets.

49. Electrical Components5.Duplex Receptacle- electrical power outlet receiving power from branch circuts typically 110 volts and occasionally 220 volts depending on device.

50. Framing ElementsAnchor Bolt

51. Framing Elements2. Sill Plate

52. Framing Elements3. Floor Joist

53. Framing Elements4. Subflooring

54. Framing Elements5. Sole Plate

55. Framing Elements6. Stud

56. Framing Elements7. Top Plate

57. Framing Elements8. Stringer

58. Framing Elements9. Ceiling Joist

59. Framing Elements10. Rafter

60. Framing Elements11.Roof Decking

61. Framing Elements12. Sheathing

62. Front end loadera heavy equipment machine (often used in construction) that is primarily used to "load" material (asphalt, demolition debris, dirt, feed, gravel, logs, raw minerals, recycled material, rock, sand, wood chips, etc.

63. Gypsum Boardwallboard with a gypsum plaster core bonded to layers of paper or fiberboard; used instead of plaster or wallboard to make interior wall.

64. Heat pumpCompressor/Evaporator- a device that utilizes a refrigeration cycle either to heat or to cool a building by passing air or water over either the condensing coils or evaporating coils.

65. Air handling Unit- central unit consisting of a blower, heating and cooling elements, filter racks or chamber, branches off heated or cooled air into trunk and branch ducts Air Handling unit Compressor/EvaporatorAdvantage- Heat Pump systems have a rapid response timeDisAdvantage- It is difficult to zone and may need help in extreme cold

66. InsulationTo surround or separate with nonconducting material in order to prevent or lessen the leakage of electricity, heat, cold, sound, radiation, etc.

67. Insulation1.Batt/Blanket

68. Insulation2. Loose fill

69. Insulation3. Foamed

70. Insulation4. Rigid Board

71. Lintel A horizontal structural member, such as a beam or stone, that spans an opening, as between the uprights of a door or window or between two columns or piers.Steel Lintel

72. Mortar1. Concave Mortar Joint- tooled 3/8’’ mortar joint used in residential construction. Type O – medium-low strength mortar

73. MortarExtruded Mortar Joint- Neither tooled or trialed with with 3/8’’ thickness and type O medium low strength mortar.

74. Oriented strand boardA nonveneer panel product also known as OSB, wafer board, Sterling board or Exterior board and Smart Ply , is an engineered wood product formed by layering strands or flakes of wood in specific orientations. In appearance, it may have a rough and variegated surface with the individual strips lying unevenly across each other.

75. Plumbing1.Lavatory1 ½ ‘’ piping used for drain

76. Plumbing2. Water Closet3’’ Pipe used for drain

77. Plumbing3. Manufactured Tub2’’ pipe used for drain

78. Plumbing4. Vent Through Roof (VTR)- release waste gas and supplies air so that draining water cannot create a suction to pull water out of the p-trap

79. Plumbing5. Countertop SinkUnder mount stainless sink

80. Plywoodstructural material made of layers of wood glued together, usually with the grains of adjoining layers at right angles to each other.Veneer- thin surface layer, as of finely grained wood, glued to a base of inferior material. Any of the thin layers glued together to make plywood

81. Radiant barrierA radiant barrier is used in our area principally as a cooling strategy. Buildings gain heat in three ways – conduction, convection, and radiation. A radiant barrier is useful in preventing heat gain from radiation.

82. RebarVarious lengths of steel reinforcing bars used in concrete or masonry for additional strength, measured in #’s. This is ½ ‘’ rebar referred to as a # 4 bar. The deformations on the rebar help it t bond tightly to conrete.

83. Steep Roof Drainage1. Gutter- a channel that collects rainwater and snow melt at the eave of a roof.

84. Steep Roof Drainage 2. Downspout- connected to the gutter to transport water down to ground level.

85. Steep Roof Drainage3. Splashblock- vertical flashing installed at the bottom of steep drainage situations to block and divert water into the ground.

86. Steep Roof Materials1. Underlayment- heavy paper measured in pounds and impregnated with tar, usually called tar paper.

87. Steep Roof Materials2. Clay Roof

88. Steep Roof Material3. Slate Roof Shingles

89. Steep Roof Materials4. Metal Panel Roof

90. Steep Roof shapes1. Gable

91. Steep Roof Shapes2. Gambrel

92. Steep Roof Shapes3. Hip

93. Steep Roof Shapes4. Mansard

94. Steep roof termsRidgeRakeEaveEave- the underside of a roof that extends beyond the external walls of a buildingRake – slope edge of roof Ridge- level intersection of 2 roof planes

95. Steep Roof TermsSoffit- The area that encloses the underside of that portion of the roof that extends out beyond the sidewalls of the house.SoffitFascia- flat board that runs horizontally along the eaves of a roof, typically capping the ends of the roof rafterFascia

96. Steep Roof TermsBuilding without a fascia has no horizontal overhang.No Fascia

97. Stone1. Course Ashlar

98. Stone2. Random Ashlar

99. Stone3. Coursed Rubble

100. Stone4. Random Rubble

101. Vapor RetarderHelps control the amount of moisture passing through the insulation and collecting inside exterior walls, ceilings and floors. The vapor retarded is usually placed on the warm in winter side of a building.waterproofingImpervious to or unaffected by water.Made of or coated or treated with rubber, plastic, or a sealing agent to prevent penetration by water.

102. Weep holeA small drain hole for water. One is drilled through a wooden window sill to allow condensation water to escape; cross joints in the outer leaf of a cavity wall are left without mortar at intervals.

103. Welded Wire FabricA grid of steel rods that are welded together to form a flat sheet/roll, used to reinforce a concrete slab to increase the tinsel strength of the concrete, grid is 6’’x 6’’