- Static routes define explicit paths between routers but must be manually reconfigured when network changes occur, unlike dynamic routes. They use less bandwidth than dynamic routes and do not use CPU cycles for route calculations. - There are four types of static routes: directly connected, next hop, fully specified, and default. Directly connected only requires the output interface, while next hop specifies the next hop router. Fully specified defines both the output interface and next hop router. The default route is used when no other routes match. - Static routes can be summarized into a single route when destinations are contiguous and use the same exit point. Floating static routes back up dynamic routes but have a higher administrative distance so are lower priority.

1. IPv6 Static Routes
John Rullan
Cisco Certified Instructor Trainer
Thomas A. Edison CTE HS
Stephen Lynch
Network Architect, CCIE #36243
ABS Technology Architects

2. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
• Static routes defines explicit path between two routers. They are not
automatically updated which means you must manually reconfigure static
routes when network changes occur.
• Static routes use less bandwidth than dynamic routes.
• No CPU cycles are used to calculate and analyze routing updates.
• Static routes should be used in an environments where network traffic is
predictable and where the network design is simple.
• Static routes should not be used in a large network environment where it’s
constantly changing because static routes cannot react to network changes.
• Even though static routes are obsolete due to the high use of dynamic
routes in a network, some companies still implement static routes for special
occasions.
• Static routes are also useful for specifying a gateway of last resort (a default
route which all un-routeable packets are sent).

3. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
There are four types of static routes. The
following types of IPv4 and IPv6 static routes
will be discussed:
• Standard static route
• Default static route
• Summary static route
• Floating static route

4. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
• You must specify only the output interface (the interface on which all
packets are sent to the destination network) in a directly connected
static route.
• The router assumes the destination is directly attached to the output
interface.
Directly Connected
Branch-2
2001:DB8:A::2/127
2001:DB8:A::3/127
2001:DB8:2::1/64
2001:DB8:3::1/64
S0/0/0
S0/0/1 InternetS0/0/0
Branch-1
LAN-1
LAN-2
Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:2::1/64 s0/0/1
Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:3::1/64 s0/0/1
Directly Connected

5. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
Branch-2
2001:DB8:A::2/127
2001:DB8:A::3/127
2001:DB8:2::1/64
2001:DB8:3::1/64
Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:2::1/64 s0/0/1
Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:3::1/64 s0/0/1
S0/0/0
S0/0/1 InternetS0/0/0
Branch-1
Directly Connected
LAN-1
LAN-2
Branch-1#show ipv6 route
(Output Omitted)
S 2001:DB8:2::/62 [1/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
S 2001:DB8:3::/62 [1/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
C 2001:DB8:A::2/127 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
L 2001:DB8:A::3/128 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
C 2001:DB8:B::/127 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
L 2001:DB8:B::/128 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
L FF00::/8 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
Branch-2#
“L” in the routing table is a new
identifier which indicates the
specific address assigned to an
interface, as opposed to “C”
which only displays
the subnet.

6. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
• In a next-hop static route, the IPv6 address of the neighboring
router is specified.
• The output interface is derived from the next hop.
• Before any packet is forwarded by router, the routing table process
must determine the exit interface to use to in order to forward the
packet. This causes the router to take a second look at the routing
table to determine the exit interface for the destination network.
Branch-2
2001:DB8:A::2/127
2001:DB8:A::3/127
2001:DB8:2::1/64
2001:DB8:3::1/64
S0/0/0
S0/0/1 InternetS0/0/0
Branch-1
LAN-1
LAN-2
Next Hop/Recursive
Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:2::1/64 2001:DB8:A::2
Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:3::1/64 2001:DB8:A::2

7. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:2::1/64 2001:DB8:A::2
Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:3::1/64 2001:DB8:A::2
Next Hop/Recursive
Branch-1#show ipv6 route
(Output Omitted)
S 2001:DB8:2::/64 [1/0]
via 2001:DB8:A::2
S 2001:DB8:3::/64 [1/0]
via 2001:DB8:A::2
C 2001:DB8:A::2/127 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
L 2001:DB8:A::3/128 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
C 2001:DB8:B::/127 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
L 2001:DB8:B::/128 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
L FF00::/8 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
Branch-2#
Branch-2
2001:DB8:A::2/127
2001:DB8:A::3/127
2001:DB8:2::1/64
2001:DB8:3::1/64
S0/0/0
S0/0/1 InternetS0/0/0
Branch-1
LAN-1
LAN-2

8. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
Branch-2
2001:DB8:A::2/64 2001:DB8:A::1/64
2001:DB8:2::1/64
2001:DB8:3::1/64
G0/0 G0/0
Branch-1
LAN-1
LAN-2
Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:2::1/64 g0/0 2001:DB8:A::2
Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:3::1/64 g0/0 2001:DB8:A::2Fully Specified
• The output interface and the next-hop address are both used in a
fully specify static route.
• Used when the output interface is a multi-access interface and
needs the next-hop address to be identified.
• The next-hop must be directly attached to the specified output
interface.
G0/0
G0/0 Branch-4
Branch-3
2001:DB8:A::4/64
2001:DB8:A::3/64
DSW-1
G0/1
G0/0

9. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
Fully Specified
Branch-1#show ipv6 route
(Output Omitted)
S 2001:DB8:2::1/64 [1/0]
via 2001:DB8:A::2, Gigabit0/0
S 2001:DB8:3::1/64 [1/0]
via 2001:DB8:A::2, Gigabit0/0
C 2001:DB8:A::2/127 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
L 2001:DB8:A::3/128 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
C 2001:DB8:B::/127 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
L 2001:DB8:B::/128 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
L FF00::/8 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
Branch-2#
Branch-2
2001:DB8:A::2/64 2001:DB8:A::1/64
2001:DB8:2::1/64
2001:DB8:3::1/64
G0/0 G0/0
Branch-1
LAN-1
LAN-2
G0/0
G0/0 Branch-4
Branch-3
2001:DB8:A::4/64
2001:DB8:A::3/64
DSW-1
G0/1
G0/0

10. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
• No other routes in the routing table match the packet destination IP
address. In other words, when a more specific match does not exist.
• A common use is when connecting a company's edge router to the ISP’s
network.
Branch-2
2001:DB8:A::2/127
2001:DB8:A::3/127
2001:DB8:2::1/64
S0/0/0
S0/0/1 InternetS0/0/0
Branch-1
LAN-1
LAN-2
Branch-1(config)#ipv6 route ::/0 s0/0/0
Branch-1(config)#ipv6 route ::/0 2001:DB8:A::2
Branch-1(config)#ipv6 route ::/0 s0/0/0 2001:DB8:A::2
2001:DB8:3::1/64

11. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
Branch-2
2001:DB8:A::2/127
2001:DB8:A::3/127
2001:DB8:2::1/64
2001:DB8:3::1/64
S0/0/0
S0/0/1 InternetS0/0/0
Branch-1
LAN-1
LAN-2
Branch-1(config)#ipv6 route ::/0 s0/0/0
Branch-1#sh ipv6 route
(Output Omitted)
S ::/0 [1/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
S 2001:DB8:2::1/64 [1/0]
via 2001:DB8:A::2, Serial0/0/1
S 2001:DB8:3::1/64 [1/0]
via 2001:DB8:A::2, Serial0/0/1
C 2001:DB8:A::2/127 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
L 2001:DB8:A::3/128 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
C 2001:DB8:B::/127 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
L 2001:DB8:B::/128 [0/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
L FF00::/8 [0/0]
via ::, Null0
Branch-1#
Default Route

12. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12
• Summary routes are used to reduce the number of routing table entries.
• Multiple static routes can be summarized into a single static route if:
- The destination networks are contiguous and can be summarized into a
single network address.
- The multiple static routes all use the same exit interface or next-hop IP
address.
Branch-2
2001:DB8:A::2/127
2001:DB8:A::3/127
2001:DB8:2::1/64
S0/0/0
S0/0/1 InternetS0/0/0
Branch-1
LAN-1
LAN-2
2001:DB8:3::1/64

13. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
Branch-1(config)#ipv6 route 2001:DB8:2::/46 s0/0/0
Branch-1#show ipv6 route
(output omitted)
S ::/0 [1/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/0
S 2001:DB8::/46 [1/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
2001:DB8:0000000000000010
2001:DB8:0000000000000011
Summarize based on common bits:
• 16-bits in the 1st and 2nd hextets for a total of 32-bits
• 14-bits in the 3rd hextet
• Total of 46-bits in common between the two addresses
Common Bits
Branch-1# ping 2001:db8:2::1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:db8:2::, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/10/41 ms
Branch-1# ping 2001:db8:3::1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:db8:3::, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 2/9/18 ms
Branch-1#
Branch-2
2001:DB8:A::2/127
2001:DB8:A::3/127
2001:DB8:2::/64
S0/0/0
S0/0/1 InternetS0/0/0
Branch-1
LAN-1
LAN-2
2001:DB8:3::/64

14. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
• A floating static route is a static route that the router uses to back up
dynamic route.
• You must configure a floating static route with a higher
administrative distance than the dynamic route that it backs up.
• In this instance, the router prefers a dynamic route to a floating static
route. You can use a floating static route as a replacement if the
dynamic route is lost.
InternetBranch-1
Branch-2

15. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
InternetBranch-1
Branch-2
Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:4::1/127 s0/0/1 91
Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:5::1/127 s0/0/1 91
Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:6::1/127 s0/0/1 91
Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:C::1/127 s0/0/1 91
Branch-1(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8:A::1/127 s0/0/1 91
Branch-1#sh ipv6 route
(output omitted)
D 2001:DB8:4::/128 [90/3321856]
via FE80::2E0:8FFF:FE31:4201, Serial0/0/0
D 2001:DB8:5::/128 [90/3321856]
via FE80::2E0:8FFF:FE31:4201, Serial0/0/0
D 2001:DB8:6::/128 [90/3321856]
via FE80::2E0:8FFF:FE31:4201, Serial0/0/0
D 2001:DB8:B::/127 [90/3193856]
via FE80::2E0:8FFF:FE31:4201, Serial0/0/0
D 2001:DB8:C::/127 [90/2681856]
via FE80::2E0:8FFF:FE31:4201, Serial0/0/0
Branch-1#
Branch-1#show ipv6 route
(output omitted)
S 2001:DB8:4::/128 [91/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
S 2001:DB8:5::/128 [91/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
S 2001:DB8:6::/128 [91/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
S 2001:DB8:A::/128 [91/0]
via ::, Serial0/0/1
S 2001:DB8:C::/128 [91/0]
Branch-1#

16. Thank you.