1. WHAT IS A MORPHEME?
Definition
A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of a language.
Discussion
Current approaches to morphology conceive of morphemes as rules involving the linguistic
context, rather than as isolated pieces of linguistic matter. They acknowledge that
The meaning of a morpheme with a given form may vary, depending on its immediate
environment.
Examples:
Dogs
The word dogs consists of two morphemes and one syllable:
dog, and
-s, a plural marker on nouns
Note that a morpheme like "-s" can just be a single phoneme and does not have to be a
whole syllable.
Technique
The word technique consists of only one morpheme having two syllables.
Even though the word has two syllables, it is a single morpheme because it cannot be
broken down into smaller meaningful parts.
Unladylike
The word unladylike consists of three morphemes and four syllables.
Morpheme breaks:
un- 'not'
lady '(well behaved) female adult human'
-like 'having the characteristics of'
None of these morphemes can be broken up any more without losing all sense
of meaning. Lady cannot be broken up into "la" and "dy," even though "la" and
"dy" are separate syllables. Note that each syllable has no meaning on its own.
2. WORK STRUCTURE.
A work structure is a deliverable oriented decomposition of a project into smaller
components. It defines and groups a project's discrete work elements in a way that helps
organize and define the total work scope of a Project.
A work structure element may be a product, data, a service, or any combination.
EXAMPLES.
You can create folders to organize the WBS examples.
By creating examples or templates for the work breakdown structure,
It is easier to align procedures during the initial planning stage.
Morphological phenomena
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What is derivation
Definition
Derivation is the formation of a new word or inflectable stem from another word or
stem. It typically occurs by the addition of an affix.
The derived word is often of a different word class from the original. It may thus take
the inflectional affixes of the new word class.
Discussion
In contrast to inflection, derivation
is not obligatory
typically produces a greater change of meaning from the original form, and
is more likely to result in a form which has a somewhat idiosyncratic meaning.
often changes the grammatical category of a root
Examples (English)
Kindness is derived from kind.
Joyful is derived from joy.
Amazement is derived from amaze.
3. Characteristics
Derivational operations
tend to be idiosyncratic and non-productive
do not occur in well-defined 'paradigms,' and
are 'optional' insofar as they
o shape the basic semantic content of roots and
o are not governed by some other syntactic operation or element.
ENGLISH DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES
