Coherence refers to how well ideas flow and connect smoothly from one sentence or paragraph to the next in a logical manner. Coherence in writing can be achieved through techniques like using repetition of key words, transitional expressions, pronouns, synonyms, and parallel structures to link ideas and create a smooth flow of information for the reader. Maintaining coherence is important at both the paragraph and whole text level to ensure the reader can easily understand and follow the overall argument or discussion.

1. Coherence
Repoted by: Frances Barozo

2. Definition
•Coherence refers to a certain
characteristic or aspect of writing.
Literally, the word means "to stick
together." Coherence in
writing means that all the ideas in
a paragraph flow smoothly from
one sentence to the next sentence.

3. •Coherence in linguistics is
what makes a text
semantically meaningful. It is
especially dealt with in text
linguistics

4. Coherence in
Paragraph?

5. •Coherence in a paragraph is the
technique of making words, phrases,
and sentences move smoothly and
logically from one to the other. In
other words, the ideas are so
interwoven and "glued" together
the reader will be able to see the
consistent relationship between
them.

6. Logical
Coherence

7. •When something has coherence, all of
its parts fit together well. An argument
with coherence is logical and complete
— with plenty of supporting
facts. Coherence comes from a Latin
word meaning “to stick together. When
you say policies, arguments and
strategies are coherent, you're praising
them for making sense.

8. Paragraph
Unity

9. •Paragraph unity is the most important
characteristic of a good paragraph. It
defines that all sentences in
a paragraph should speak about one
single idea or one main subject. That
the topic sentence, the supporting
details, and the concluding sentence
should focus on only one idea.

10. Logical
Flow

11. •A logical flow of information should
occur at a number of levels in your
writing. It needs to occur across the
WHOLE TEXT. Therefore the
movement of information BETWEEN
paragraphs should be logical and
the movement of information
WITHIN paragraphs must also
be logical.

12. Cohesion and
Coherent

13. •Coherence is based more on the
logic of the ideas and how they are
presented rather than on the
language that is used to express
these ideas. "Cohesion" refers to the
degree to which sentences (or even
different parts of one sentence) are
connected so that the flow of ideas
easy to follow.

14. Coherent in
Sentence

15. •Sentences move smoothly and
logically from one to the other.
In other words, the ideas are so
interwoven and "glued"
that the reader will be able to
see the consistent relationship
between them.

16. Methods
1. Use Repetition to Link Ideas,
Sentences, and Paragraphs
Repeating key words or phrases
helps connect and focus idea(s)
throughout the essay. Repetition
also helps the reader remain
focused and headed in the right
direction.
Example:
Most students are intimidated by
the works of William Shakespeare.
They believe Shakespeare’s
sonnets and plays are far to
complicated to read and
understand.

17. 2. Use Transitional Expressions to Link Ideas,
Sentences, and Paragraphs Transitional expressions,
such as however, because, therefore, and in addition,
are used to establish relationships between ideas,
sentences, and paragraphs. They serve as signals to let
the reader know the previous idea, sentence, or
paragraph is connected to what follows. For a list of
the most commonly used transitional expressions,
refer to the Southeastern Writing Center’s handout
Useful Transitional Words and Phrases.
Example: Many students believe they
cannot write a good essay because
they are not writers. However, as
they practice writing and work on
developing their writing skills, most
students are able to gain the needed
confidence to start thinking of
themselves writers.

18. 3. Use Pronouns to Link Sentences
Pronouns are used to link or
connect sentences by referring to
preceding nouns and pronouns.
Pronouns can also help create
paragraphs that are easy to read
by eliminating wordiness and
unnecessary repetition.
Example: Mr. Thompson
agreed to meet with members
of the worker’s union before
he signed the contract. He
was interested in hearing their
concerns about the new
insurance plan.

19. 4. Use Synonyms to Link Ideas and
Create Variety Synonyms are
words that have the same or
nearly the same meaning as
another word. They provide
alternative word choices that can
add variety to an essay and can
help eliminate unnecessary
repetition.
Example: Teenagers face an
enormous amount of peer
pressure from friends and
schoolmates. As a result, many
young adults are exhibiting
signs of severe stress or
depression at an early age.

20. 5. Use Parallel Structures to Link Ideas,
Sentences, and Paragraphs Parallelism is
the use of matching words, phrases,
clauses, or sentence structures to express
similar ideas. Parallel structures allow the
reader to flow smoothly from one idea,
sentence, or paragraph to the next and to
understand the relationships and
connections between ideas.
Example: Usually, the children spend the summer
weekends playing ball in park, swimming in the
neighbor’s pool, eating ice cream under the tree,
or camping in the backyard. At the museum, the
class attended a lecture where the speaker
demonstrated how the Native Americans made
bows and arrows. They also attended a lecture
where a sword smith demonstrated how the
Vikings crafted swords.

21. End