This document provides an overview of morphological structure in English words. It discusses morphemes, their classification and identification. Specifically, it defines morphemes, allomorphs, and different types of morphemes. It also explains the relationships between morphemes, roots, stems, bases and affixes in word formation. Key points covered include the differences between free and bound morphemes, derivational and inflectional morphemes, and content/lexical versus grammatical morphemes. Examples are provided to illustrate morphological analysis and identification of morphemes in words.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
3. Objectives:
• Discuss morphemes, their classification and identification;
• Explain the relationship between morphemes and word-
formation
Teaching focus:
• Definition of morphemes
• Definition of allomorphs
• Types of Types of morphemes
free morpheme
bound morpheme
• Definitions of root, stem and base
4. 1. Morpheme
What is a morpheme ?
It is the minimal meaningful unit of language.
Or it is the smallest functioning unit in the
composition of words.
语素是最小的有意义的单位。它是语言
中最小的构词单位
5. 2. Morph and allomorph
The definition of morphs :
The phonetic or orthographic strings or
segments which realize morphemes are
termed ‘morphs’.
语素的语音或拼写法的体现叫形素
。
Morphs are actual spoken, minimal
carriers of meaning.
形素是口语中最小的意义载体。
6. What is an allomorph?
An allomorph is one of the variants of the same
morpheme.
语素 / 形位变体是同一个语素的不同形式
。
For example
7. When the plural marker {s} is added to cat, dog,
and horse, it is pronounced differently as /-s, -z,
-iz/ and thus has three phonological forms; the
three forms are just the variants of the same
morpheme {s}, i.e. the allomorphs of morpheme
{s}.
8. 3. Classifications of morphemes
Free vs. bound morphemes in terms of their
capacity of occurring alone
Derivational vs. inflectional morphemes
applying to affixes only
Content / lexical vs. grammatical morpheme
on a semantic and syntactic basis
9. Free vs. bound morphemes
自由语素与粘着语素
Morphemes which are independent of other
morphemes are free. Free morphemes have
complete meanings in themselves and can be
used as free grammatical units in sentences.
自由语素是能独立运用的语素,它有完整
的意义,在句中充当一个自由的语法单位
。
E.g., man, wind, open, tour
10. Morphemes which cannot occur as separate
words are bound. They are bound to other
morphemes to form words or to perform a
particular grammatical function.
粘着语素不能独立成词,只能依附于其他语素
上以构成词或担当一定的语法功能。
11. Free morphemes are all roots /free roots, which
are capable of being used as words or as word-
building elements to form new words.
自由语素都是词根 , 也叫自由词根 , 能用作词
或作为构成新词的构词要素。
Bound morphemes consist of either roots (bound
roots) or affixes.
粘着语素包括词根(粘着词根)和词缀。
E.g., bound root: -dict-, -ced-
affix: -ion, -ist, -ic
12. A multitude of words made up of merely
bound morphemes, eg: ante-ced-ent.
-ced- 是词根,‘接近’,
ante- 是前缀,‘在…前’,
-ent 是后缀,‘人,物’,
14. Derivational morphemes are used to derive
new words when they are added to another
morpheme. In English derivatives and
compounds are all formed by such morphemes.
派生语素附着于其它语素可派生出新词。
英语中派生词和合成词都是由这样的语素构成
的。
15. Inflectional morphemes indicate the syntactic
relationships between words and function as
grammatical markers. Inflectional morphemes
are confined to suffixes.
屈折语素作为语法标记表示词的语法意义,
屈折语素只限于词缀。
16. What’s the difference between them?
Inflectional Derivational
Doesn’t change meaning or Changes meaning or part of
part of speech of the stem. speech of the stem.( like--
(work—works) dislike, sleep—asleep)
Indicates syntactic relations Indicates semantic relations
between different words in a within the word.
sentence. ( grammatical (specific lexical meaning ,
meaning) e.g., un-)
Occurs with all members of Occurs with only some
some large class of members of a class of
morphemes. morphemes
Occurs at margins of words. Occurs before any
(radio—radios) inflectional suffixes added.
17. Content / lexical vs. grammatical morphemes
Lexical 词汇 / content 实义 morphemes are
morphemes used for the construction of new words as
in compound words (blackbird is coined on the basis
of 2 lexical morphemes: black and bird.), and
derivational morphemes such as –ship, -ize.
Grammatical morphemes function primarily as
grammatical markers. They encompass both
inflectional affixes(-books) and free morphemes ( in,
and, do, have, they…functional words)
18. 3.4 Identifying Morphemes
How to identify morphemes?
They should be identifiable by their forms, meaning
and distribution.
e.g.,
mono-morphemic: sky
double-morphemic: chill + y, boy + ish
triple-morphemic: un+dress+ed, care+less+ness
four-morphemic: un+fruit+ful+ness
over-four-morphemic: un+gentle+man+li+ness
19. In what situation do morphemes mismatch
between form and meaning?
1) Inconsistent in form and meaning:
singer ( one who)
er clearer ( the comparative degree)
eraser (one object)
2) Meaningless in isolation but meaningful in some
words
cran-
huckle- berry
boysen-
3) Difficult to define the meaning
-ceive in conceive/perceive/receive
20. 3.5 Morpheme and Word-formation
In word-formation, morphemes are labeled
root, stem, base and affix.
在构词法中 , 语素被分为词根、词干、词基和
词缀。
21. Affix
Affixes are forms that are attached to words or
word elements to modify meaning or function. All
affixes are bound morphemes.
词缀都是粘着语素,依附在词根上构成新词或
表示词的语法意义。
Two types of affixes:
Inflectional affixes and Derivational affixes
屈折词缀和派生词缀
22. Inflectional affixes (or inflectional
morphemes) serve to indicate the syntactic
relationships between words and function as
grammatical markers. 表示词的语法意义的
是屈折词缀。
They express the following meanings:
23. Plurality 名词复数 e.g. -s in chairs, pens;
-es in boxes, tomatoes;
-en in oxen
The genitive case e.g. ’s in boy’s,
名词所有格 children’s
The comparative and
superlative degrees
e.g. -er in words like
形容词 / 副词比较级 smaller; -est in words like
、最高级 smallest.
The verbal endings
a. -(e)s in words like eats,
teaches shows the third
动词词尾变化 person singular present tense.
b. -ing in words like eating,
shows the present participle
or gerund.
c. -(e)d in words like
worked shows the past tense
or past participle.
24. Derivational affixes or derivational
morphemes
They can be further divided into prefixes and
suffixes.
25. (1) Prefixes are affixes before the root.
e.g. , unjust, rewrite.
As a rule, most prefixes modify the meaning of
roots, but not their parts of speech.
(2) Suffixes are affixes after the root
By the addition of the suffix, the word is
usually changed from one part of speech into
another, e.g. liberation, modernize.
26. Root, stem, base
词根、词干、词基
A root is that part of a word form that
remains when all inflectional and
derivational affixes have been removed.
词根是所有屈折词缀和派生词缀被去掉后所
剩余的那部分。
27. A stem is that part of the word-form which
remains when all inflectional affixes have
been removed.
词干是所有屈折词缀被去掉后所剩余的那部分
。
28. A base refers to a form to which affixes of any
kind (both derivational and inflectional) can be
added. It can be a root or a stem.
词基是任何一种词缀都可加在上面的形式。
30. Task: Analyse the word in terms of root, stem and base.
e.g., (root/base) (derivational suffix)
desire able
(derivational prefix) ( base)
un desirable (a.)
(stem/base) (inflectional suffix)
undesirable (n.) s
(root/stem/base) (inflectional suffix)
desire (v.) d
32. Assignment
Answer the question:
What is the difference between grammtical
and lexical morphemes, and inflectional and
derivational morphemes? Give examples to
illustrate their relationships.