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IRJET- Identify Quality Index of the Fruit Vegetable by Non Destructive or with Minimal Destructive Methods
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3172 Identify Quality Index Of The Fruit Vegetable By Non Destructive Or With Minimal Destructive Methods. Prof. P. P. Deshmukh1, Miss. Dipali Tipale2, Miss. Echchha Papadakar3 Mr. Pankaj Dhoke4, Mr. Pratik Lavhale5, Miss. Sapana Pachang6 1 Assistant Professor M.E.(CSE), PRMIT&R, Badnera , Maharashtra, India 2 Student, Computer Science & Engineering, PRMIT&R, Badnera . Maharashtra, India 3 Student, Computer Science & Engineering, PRMIT&R, Badnera . Maharashtra, India 4 Student, Computer Science & Engineering, PRMIT&R, Badnera . Maharashtra, India 5 Student, Computer Science & Engineering, PRMIT&R, Badnera . Maharashtra, India 6 Student, Computer Science & Engineering, PRMIT&R, Badnera . Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - The quality evaluation process of fruits and vegetables are used to measure the color, shape, size, and external defects which will be helpful for the people. Quality evaluation of fruits and vegetables can be of destructive and nondestructive types. In the formertheentirefruit isdestroyed while evaluating the quality. In non-destructive quality evaluation the fruits and vegetables are not destroyed while evaluating its quality. Now-a-days, various mechanical, optical, electromagnetic, and dynamic non-destructive methods are gaining importance due to ease in operations, faster turn over and reliability. In this, we are inspecting the quality of fruits based on size, shape and color. One of the important quality features of fruits is its appearance. Appearance not only influences their market value, the preferences and the choice of the consumer, but also their internal quality to a certain extent. Color, texture, size, shape, as well the visual flaws are generally examined to assess the outside quality of fruits. Key Words: Camera, Filtering, ANN Technique, Geometric Feature Extraction, Canny Edge Detector, etc. 1.INTRODUCTION Quality components of fruits and vegetables are classified into the external such as size, color, shape, external defects etc. and the internal such as sugar content, acid content, firmness, maturity, internal breakdowns etc. The color and firmness of fruits affect the product appearance and consumer acceptability. Non-destructive methods are effective than traditional conventional methods as non- destructive methodsaremainlybasedon physical properties which correlate well with certain quality factorsoffruitsand vegetables. Non-destructive methodsareadvantageousover traditional destructive methods as they do not rupture the fruit tissue, can be used to assess internal variables of fruits. Quality of fruits and vegetables is based on its sensory properties, nutritional value, safety and defects. Various methods are used for external and internal quality evaluation. Methods to measure fruit quality can be of destructive and non-destructive. With destructive methods, a sample of fruit must be measured in order to estimate the quality of a batch: besides the economical loss, due to fruit destruction, there is also the problem of how the sample is representative of the whole batch. If we use the internal quality factors and do not destroy the fruit while measuring them, such approaches are referred to as nondestructive quality evaluation. By applying this method, itcanovercome possible discrepancies between different batches and samples of fruit, without destroying a certain amount of sample fruit post. Agriculture has an importantroleinsocio- economic development of India. Various types of fruits produced through-out the year. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Inkyu Sa et al. [1] presents a new approach for fruit identificationusingdeepconvolutional neural network.Fruit detection system has been trained with a many number of images using a DeepConvolutional Neural Networks(DCNN) and rapid training was done about 2 hours on a GPU named as K40. Fruit identification from image was acquired from two models :Near-Infrared (NIR) and color RGB Faster Region-based CNN usescolorRGBimagestoperformgeneral object detection. They perform supervisedmachinelearning algorithms that teach a model of object interest. They had perform fine-tuning of the VGG16 network whichwasdepnd on the pre-trained ImageNet model. To detect defected apple fruits A. Raihana et al. [2]uses AFDGA-Apple Fruit Detection, Grading and Analyzation techniques. Modify Watershed Segmentation was used to segment the defection and analyze the fruits using Gray Level Co-occurrenceMatrix basedfeatureextractionmethod, and finally classify the images by support vector machine (SVM) in terms of the its features. Textural, statistics and
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3173 some geometrical features has utilized to classify the apple fruits and grade it. Mean, Variance and a portionoftheshape features [area, perimeter] has taken for FPGA examination. Simulation results obtained from MATLAB and VLSI had compared for performance evaluation. M. Bulanon et al. [3] presents algorithm to automatic recognize the fruits for a machine based vision system that teaches a robotic harvesting. Fuji apple fruit images which was increased by using the red color threshold. Results explain that apple fruit had the greatest red color threshold within the object in the image. The histogram was obtained by the increased image had a bimodal distribution for the object as a fruit portion and the background such as leaves and branches portion. Maximum grey level threshold of the red color difference between the fruit, leaves and branches was determined by the maximum threshold value. 3. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 3.1 IMAGE ACQUISITION An image is analysed as it is clicked. Then the user is given tools to discard that he considers noise. The image acquisition is done using a digital camera anditisloadedand saved using MIL software. MIL works with images captured from any type of colour (RGB) or monochrome source (Grey). MIL supports the saving and loading of images. It supports file formats such as TIF (TIFF), JPG (JPEG), BMP (bitmap), as well as raw format. Here the input image got is an RGB image. 3.2 PREPROCESSING Basically, the images which are obtained during image acquisition may not be directlysuitableforidentificationand classification purposes because of some factors, such as noise, weather conditions,andpoor resolutionofimagesand unwanted background etc. We tried to adopt the established techniques and study their performances. 3.3 FILTERING The purpose of filtering is to smooth the image. This is done to reduce noise and improve the visual quality of the image. Often, smoothing is referred to as filtering. Here filtering is carried out by median filter since it is very useful in detecting edges. The best known order-statistics filter is the median filter, which replaces the value of a pixel by the median of the gray levels in the neighborhood of that pixel. Fig 3.1 : Block Diagram Of Image Processing 3.4 SEGMENTATION The purpose of image segmentation is to divide an image into meaningful regions with respect to a particular application. The segmentation is based on measurements taken from the image, may be grey level, colour, texture, depth or motion. Here edge-based segmentation is properly suitable. As edge detection is a fundamental step in image processing, it is necessary to point out the true edges to get the best results from the matching process. That is why it is important to choose edge detectors that fit best to the application. In this way canny edge detector is chosen. 3.5 FEATURE EXTRACTION Feature extraction is defined as grouping the input data objects into a set of features. The features extracted carefully will help to extract the relevant information from the input data in order to perform the feature matching using this we can reduce the representation input size instead of the full size input. Here clustering process has been used to extract features form good and bad fruits. 3.6 IMAGE CLASSIFICATION Classification for the image is the neststepandused for the classification of the colour of the fruit depends onthe data given by image segmentation part,onthe basisofwhich further fruit colour is classified. 4. SYSTEM DESIGN 4.1 FRUIT SIZE DETECTING AND GRADING Colour Detection: In the process of fruit color is detected according to RGB values [8], here fruits are sorted according to color and size. So for e.g.two fruits are considered sayApple,Tomatohaving red color and Kevi(Guava) having green color, so in this step work is going tofind out color of a fruit by using RGB values
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3174 of an image taken from the camera, this image can be processed by using python. Color Detection Algorithm: 1) Start 2) Read the inputcolorimageusingimreadfunction. 3) Read the input pixel of color image in three different planes (RGB) and store it into three variable r, g, and b. 4) Read the small region of fruit to detect color of fruit. 5) Store in different variable r1, g1, b1. 6) Calculate the mean of r1, g1, b1 and store into variable r2, g2, b2. 7) Compare the value with threshold. 8) If b2>threshold, Color detected is black. 9) If r2>threshold, Color detected is Red. 10) End. Figure 4.1(a) : Healthy Tomatoes Figure 4.1(b) : Diseased Tomatoes Fig 4.2(a) Original Image Of Defective Area Fig 4.2(b) Binarised Image Were Defective Skin Is Represented As White 5. FLOWCHART OF IMAGE PROCESSING Fig 5.1 : Flow Diagram Of The Proposed System 6. IMEPLEMENTATION AND RESULT The hardware used for this a multiple camera for image acquisition, a computer, a light source and a black background. A Webcam is a video camera that feeds or streams its image in real time to or through a computer to a computer network When "captured" by the computer, the video stream may be saved, viewed or sent on to other networks via systems such as the internet, andemailedasan attachment. Webcam typically include a lens, an image sensor, support electronics, and may also include a microphone for sound. Now, the capability is bigger and not impossible to increase in the near future. An image is
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3175 analyzed as it is clicked. Then the user is given tools to discard that he considers noise. Screenshot 6.1 : Apple with good quality 7. CONCLUSIONS In India normally grading isdonemanually.Thegrading and sorting is mainly based on external and internal quality factors. The external factors are color, size, volume, shape and texture. Among these color and size are mainly used for features for grading of fruits. Grading based on Size is very easy method and less expensive method used for sorting of apples, tomatoes etc. In color based grading Direct color mapping technique is flexible and efficient method. For skin defect detection at higher resolution wavelets are used and at low resolution curvelets are best option. The grading based on size manually can be performed but result obtain are not accurate and grading and sorting based on other external factor is not possible to done manually. So there is need of automation in fruit quality inspection. External properties of fruits like color, size, shape, texture and different defects areveryimportantattributesof fruits for classification and grading. Now a days due to advancement in machine vision and availability of low cost hardware and software, manual work of fruit classification and grading has been replaced with automated machine vision systems. Other reason of non-destructive automation can be its ability to produce accurate, rapid, objective and efficient results over manual work. REFERENCES [1] Inkyu Sa, Zongyuan Ge, Feras Dayoub, Ben Upcroft, Tristan Perez, and Chris McCool, “DeepFruits: A Fruit Detection System Using Deep Neural Networks,”Sensors,pp 1-23, Aug. 2016. [2] A. Raihana and R. Sudha , “AFDGA: Defect Detection and Classification of Apple Fruit Images using the Modified Watershed Segmentation Method,” IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering, vol.3,no.6,pp. 75-85, Dec. 2016. [3] M. Bulanon, T. Kataoka, Y.Ota, and T.Hiroma, “A Segmentation Algorithm for the Automatic Recognition of Fuji Apples at Harvest,” Biosystems Engineering, vol. 83, no. 4, pp. 405-412, Aug. 2002. [4] Shiv Ram Dubey, Pushkar Dixit, Nishant Singh, and Jay Prakash Gupta, “Infected Fruit Part DetectionusingK-Means ClusteringSegmentationTechnique,“International Journal of Artificial Intelligence andInteractiveMultimedia,vol.2,no.2, pp. 65-72, July 2013. [5] V.Leemans, H. Magein, and M.-F.Destain, “Defects segmentation on Golden Delicious apples by using color machine vision,” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, pp. 117-130, Jan. 1998. [6] Scanlon, M. G., “Computerized video image analysis to quantify colour of potato chips”, American Potato Journal, Vol. 71(11), pp.717-733, 1994. [7] Hongshe Dang, Jinguo Song, Qin Guo, "A Fruit Size Detecting and Grading System Based on Image Processing", 2010 Second International Conference on Intelligent Human- Machine Systems and Cybernetics, vol. 2, pp. 83-86, August 2010. [8] P. SudhakaraRao and S. Renganathan,” New Approaches for Size Determination of Apple Fruits for AutomaticSorting and Grading”, iranian journal of electrical and computer engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, November, 2002.
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