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Lathe tools
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- 2. Setting the toolheight • The cutting tool on the lathe must be set to the exact centre of the work-piece • We use the centre of the tailstock to guide us to the correct height
- 3. Lathe parts • Tailstock Can be moved along slideways Can be clamped in any location Inside tapered to hold drill chuck
- 4. Lathe parts • Carriage Moves along bed between tailstock and headstock Saddle – across the lathe Apron – hangs down in front
- 5. Lathe parts • CrossSlide Fitted on the Saddle Moves cutting tool at right angles to lathe bed
- 6. Lathe parts • TopSlide (Compound slide) Fitted to top of Cross slide Carries toolpost and cutting tool Can rotate to any angle Is used to turn tapers
- 7. Lathe parts • Feedshaft Used to move the Carriage automatically • Lead screw Used when screw cutting on the lathe
- 8. Lathe parts • Toolpost Fitted on top slide and carries the cutting tool or the cutting tool holder Can adjust the height on some types Can carry 4 different tool holders
- 9. Lathe parts • Toolholders Used for holding cutting tool bits Available in Right hand, left hand and straight
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- 11. Cutting Tool Materials •Carbon Steels • High Speed Steel (HSS) • Stellite • Carbides • Diamond
- 12. Carbon Steels • Carbonsteels start to soften at a temperature of about 180o C. This limitation means that such tools are rarely used for metal cutting operations. widely used for woodworking and they can be used in a router to machine aluminum sheet up to about 3mm thick.
- 13. High Speed Steel(HSS) • HSS tools are so named because they were developed to cut at higher speeds. They are tough and suitable for interrupted cutting and are used to manufacture tools of complex shape such as drills, reamers, taps, dies and gear cutters. Tools may also be coated to improve wear resistance.
- 14. Stellite • A non-ferrousalloy of chromium and cobalt, so hard that it cannot be forged or machined except by grinding, it is usually used in the form of a tipped tool.
- 15. Carbides • Also knownas cemented carbides or sintered carbides .Have high hardness over a wide range of temperatures and high thermal conductivity. Can be shaped only by special grinding wheels and is always used in the form of a tipped tool.
- 16. Diamond • The hardestknown substance is diamond. It is most suited for light uninterrupted finishing cuts at almost any speed and is mainly used for very high speed machining of aluminum - silicon alloys, composites and other non - metallic materials.
- 17. Tool Forms • SolidTools Made throughout in one material. Normally HSS or carbon
- 18. Butt-Brazed • Tools madeby brazing or welding a piece of HSS to a high tensile steel shank.
- 19. Tipped Tool • Havea tip of cemented carbide, etc, brazed to a blank of high tensile steel.
- 20. Tool Bit andHolder • Tool bits are held in holders at an angle of about 15°
- 21. • Cutting Tools Can be High Speed Steel held in tool holders Can be also Ceramic (Tungsten carbide) bits held directly in toolpost
- 22. Cutting Tool Angle •Clearance angle Ensures only the cutting edge of the tool touches the work Too much clearance causes chatter
- 23. Cutting tool angle •Rake Angle Allows the chip being cut to flow out Changing the rake changes the power used in cutting and the heat generated Large rake = soft ductile materials Small rake = hard brittle materials
- 24. Lathe operations Facing off ParallelTurning Parallel Turning
- 25. Parallel Turning • Thetool moved parallel to the work and cylindrical shapes are formed • Also known as sliding
- 26. Parallel Turning • Thestudent can Parallel turn the work on the lathe manually or use the automatic traverse option
- 27. Facing off • Thetool is moved at right angles to the work using the cross slide • Flat surfaces are produced
- 28. Knurling • A knurlingtool is used to press a pattern onto a round section. • The pattern is normally used as a grip for a handle. • This provide a grip for the round part e.g. Screwdriver
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- 30. Parting off • Ifthe student wants to cut off the part they have turned, they can use the hacksaw and a vice or use the parting off tool on the lathe.
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- 34. Screw-cutting on thelathe • Lathes are also used to cut threads in round bars • These threads take up different profiles e.g iso (60°) ACME etc. • These threads can be seen on bench vices, lathes etc.
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- 36. • In Industryit is not efficient or profitable to make everyday products by hand. • On a CNC machine it is possible to make hundreds of the same item in a day. • First a design is drawn using design software, then it is processed by the computer and made using the CNC machine. • In industry, CNC machines can be extremely large.
- 37. LATHE OPERATIONS . Producing a CylindricalSurface Taper Turning Producing a Flat Surface
- 39. Drilling on aLathe Parting Off / Under Cutting Radius Turning Attachment
- 40. Tool shape • Theshape of the tool and the angles of its ground faces will depends on: The operation to be performed The material which has to be machined The power & rigidity of the lathe The amount of material to be removed The quality of finish desired.
- 41. Cutting tools • Wecan put different shapes on the High speed tool bits to cut different shapes on the workpiece
- 42. Home work • Sketchand explain the following 1. Solid tools 2. Butt brazed 3. Tipped tools Sketch and explain the following tool shape • Fine finishing • Round nose rougher • Round nose • Internal screw cutting tool • Parting off tool • Knife tool • Form tool