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Introduction to lathe machine
The document discusses lathe machines, including their history, construction, types, and operations. It defines a lathe as a machine tool used to cut or shape cylindrical workpieces. The key parts of a lathe are described, such as the headstock, tailstock, apron, and bed ways. Various types of lathes are examined, including center lathes, turret lathes, capstan lathes, tracer lathes, automatic lathes, and CNC lathes. Common lathe operations like turning, facing, boring, drilling, threading, and knurling are also explained.
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Introduction to lathe machine
- 1. BY Mr Tauqeer ahmadkhan Associate professor
- 2. Learning Objectives The students shall be ableto understand the following Define a lathe Explain the construction of lathe Describe the types of lathe machine Explain the operations of lathe machine
- 3. Contents Introduction to centrelathe Construction of centre lathe types of lathe machine Operations of lathe
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- 5. Introduction i). History ii). Workprinciple iii). Size of lathe
- 6. LATHE MACHINE Presented byTauqeer ahmad khan
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- 8. i) History The originof turning dates to around 1300BC when the Egyptians first developed a twoperson lathe. One person would turn the wood work piece with a rope while the other used a sharp tool to cut shapes in the wood The Romans improved the Egyptian design with the addition of a turning bow. Early bow lathes were also developed and used in Germany, France and Britain.
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- 10. Tailstock center (Dead Centre) Headstockcenter (Live Centre) Working Principle Workpiece Tool post Workpiece N (rev/min) Chip Tool D S peripheral speed (m/min) 10
- 11. Size of lathe Dependsupon following points Main points Swing (maximum diameter of job that can swing on it without touching bed ways ) Distance between centre’s of lathe
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- 14. Types of lathe CNClathe Manually operated Special purpose production Turret lathe Capstan lathe Bench lathe Tracer lathe General purpose Centre lathe Tool room lathe,etc
- 15. Centre lathe • • • • Most frequentlyused lathe Heavy duty power drive for most tool movements Size range 12”x24” to 24”x48” - can be larger
- 16. Bench Lathe Abench top model usually of low power used to make precision machine small work pieces
- 17. Tool room lathe • • • • Looklike engine lathe Greater accuracy More versatility Wider range of speeds and feeds
- 18. Turret Capable of performingmultiple cutting operations on the same workpiece Turning Boring Drilling Thread cutting Facing Turret lathes are very versatile Types of turret lathes Ram-type: ram slides in a separate base on the saddle Saddle type: more heavily constructed Used to machine large workpeiceces • • • • • It is production lathe Hex turret replaces tailstock Multiple tools set to machine part Turret Head High production rates Still may require some operator skill
- 19. Capstan lathe • Itis production lathe • Used for light duty work pieces • Small in size as compared to turret lathe • It also have turret that replaces tailstock • Multiple tools set to machine part • Still may require some operator skill Turret Head
- 20. Tracer/copy lathe Tracer piece •Hydraulic attachment used to copy the shape of a part from a master. • lathe that has the ability to follow a template to copy a shape or contour. • Machine tools with attachments • Capable of turning parts with various contours • A tracer finger follows the template and guides the cutting tool
- 21. Automatic lathe An automaticlathe is a lathe (usually a metalworking lathe) whose actions are controlled automatically. Although all electronically controlled (CNC) lathes are automatic, they are usually not called by that name, as explained under "General nomenclature". The first kinds of automatic lathes were mechanically automated ones
- 22. CNC lathe • Computercontrolled • Wide variety of process capability • multiple axis • Indexing and contouring head • On- line and off- line programming available • Computer Numerical Controls (CNC) • Equipped with one or more turrets • Each turret is equipped with a variety of tools • Performs several operations on different surfaces of the work piece Machine Unit NC controller
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- 26. Lathe Operations Turning: producestraight, conical, curved, or grooved work pieces Facing: to produce a flat surface at the end of the part or for making face grooves. Boring: to enlarge a hole or cylindrical cavity made by a previous process or to produce circular internal grooves. Drilling: to produce a hole by fixing a drill in the tailstock Threading: to produce external or internal threads Knurling: to produce a regularly shaped roughness on cylindrical surfaces 26
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- 28. Turning .. Cylindrical job Cutting speed Workpiece Depthof cut (d) Machined surface N Chuck Feed Tool Chip Depth of cut
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- 31. Eccentric Turning 4-jaw chuck Axis ofjob Axis Cutting speed Eccentric peg (to be turned)
- 32. Knurling Knurled surface Cutting speed Feed Knurling tool Toolpost Movement for depth
- 33. Grooving .. Shape produced byform tool Form tool Feed or depth of cut Groove Grooving tool
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- 36. Taper Turning Taper: D1D2 2L tan 90° D1 B A D2 C L
- 37. Drilling Drill – cuttingtool – held in TS – feed from TS Quill clamp moving Drill quill Tail stock Feed Tail stock clamp
- 38. Contour Turning Instead offeeding the tool parallel to the axis of rotation, tool follows a contour that is not necessarily straight (thus creating a contoured form). Figure ..contour turning
- 39. Threading Pointed form toolis fed linearly across surface of rotating workpart parallel to axis of rotation at a large feed rate, thus creating threads Figure; threading
- 40. Summary. Introduction to centrelathe Construction of centre lathe types of lathe machines Operations of lathe
- 41. Feed back/Evaluation 1. Lathe isused to turn i) Square shape ii) cylindrical shape iii) irregular shape 2 Size of lathe depends upon following i) Size of chuck and length of bed ii) Distance b/w centres and length of bed iii) Its weight & length of bed iv) distance b/w centres & swing diameter of job to be held 3. What are the basic difference b/w turret lathe and capstan lathe i) Size ii) precision iii) by turret head position iv) i,iii