What are important abiotic factors in functioning and biotic structu.pdf

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What are important abiotic factors in functioning and biotic structure of specific biomes such as tundra, rainforest, grasslands, etc. Solution An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. 1.TUNDRA ECOSYSTEM: Abiotic factors: Temperature, Precipitation (rain, hail and snow fall), Seasons (very long winters and short summers), Altitude (depends on whether it is alpine tundra or arctic tundra),Wind (strong in tundra),Permafrost. Only the top layer of soil thaws during the summer, so trees cannot grow, A lot of rocks. Biotic Factors: The biotic factors that contain the alpine tundra are living organisms that impact the growth, composition, and structure of the alpine (e.g., insects, herbivores, humans). Also vegatation and symbiotic relationships. 2.RAIN FOREST: Biotic Factors: Biotic factors are any living things in an envirnment. The tropical rainforest is full of life with apoximately 15 million different species of animals. A few examples of the many biotic feature are the rubber and bamboo trees, sloths, anteaters, poison dart frogs, lemurs, bromeliads, etc. Abiotic factors: Abiotic factors of the rainforest include soil, water, rocks, light, and climate. 3.GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM: Abiotic factors: climate,Parental material and soil, biotic factors:.

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Ecosystem ecology Compare and contrast abiotic gradients in a temperate forest and a desert. Solution ANS: Ecosystem: It explains the interactions between the population which present in the community and the communities physical surroundings or abiotic factors. In ecosystem all living organisms are lived in a similar area along with the nonliving materials. Ex: In an African savanna the greater Gorongosa ecosystem that is home to this lion and waterbuck and cattle egret. And the larger ecosystems and landscapes are embedded within biomes. Abiotic Factors: Abiotic Factors are a non living factor, which mainly influences or affects an ecosystem. Ex: sun light, temperature, Rocks, Air masses, climate and chemical environment etc... Compare and contrast abiotic gradients in a temperate forest and a desert Abiotic gradients in a temperate forest: The soil is highly fertile and rich in humus. So it affects plant and animal communities that live in them. Winter season in temperate forest is between cold to moderate, but the summer season is warm. Temperature affects temperate forests as well, suitable temperature is not maintained. Sunlight is sufficient to grow plants and execute photosynthesis. Pine trees are grown highly in Sandy-soiled forests. Ex: Australasia and southern South America and Northern Hemisphere\'s deciduous forests. Abiotic gradients in Desert: In desert precipitation is very low. Desert Soils are rich in minerals, but the organic matter present in the soil is so poor. Top soil is so little, due to the high winds. Temperature is too high in day time and low at night time. High temperature in deserts results dry environment. Ex: Sahara, Kalahari..

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Explain a) advantage of promoting outcrossing in plants and preventi.pdf

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Essay question: Camels must cope with hot desert environments where water is scarce and the ambient temperature is often higher than the camel\'s core body temperature. Discuss as many physics-based adaptations as you can think of with which the camel might keep from overheating while minimizing its water loss. You don\'t need to calculate anything, but be sure to discuss the relevance of all of the possible heat transfer mechanisms in play, and the physics of each adaptation. (The adaptations you list don\'t necessarily have to be ones actually used by camels, but rather ones that a camel might have used.) Solution Ectotherms maintain heat production and homeostasis by gaining heat from external environmental sources whereas endotherms maintain heat homeostasis by gaining heat from internal organs for instance in camel\'s heat producing source is liver by various enzymatic reaction due to production of ATP and converted to heat. They obtain physicas based adaptation by gaining heat from inner organs via heat of convection. T = M (metabolic heat rate) – [ R + Conductive heat + convective heat (for camle) + E] Heat Production is the process of gaining heat by metabolic process in camel\'s body Heat loss or heat transfer in camel to outside environment is under the control of the following processes – heat of conduction (W/m2) or heat of convection (W/m2). Endothermic animals such as camels are characterized by warm-blooded nature as they maintain more body temperature compared to outside environment Heat of conduction first observed in camel because camel is going to maintain constant 41C degrees of inner body temperature in desert environment in which heat transfer occurs through its body tissue followed by hair covering the body. Later, heat transfer normally resisted by the thickness of skin layers & the flow of heat is varied according to thermal conductivities. Therefore, the sum of the resistance to heat flow is equal to the total of conduction & resistance effects. Later, a “conduction heat transfer coefficient can be denoted & it is followed by transfer heat into the air where convection and radiation contribute to this step..

Essay question Camels must cope with hot desert environments where w.pdf

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Describe the excel equation that you can use to measure the volumes listed in the table below. For example to measure the median value of the cells between C1 and D4 is given by \"=median(Cl:D4)\". If you use a specific range of cells explain how you chose them. If you are inexperience with excel, you may want to learn about the MIN, MAX, AVERAGE, and STDEV excel functions. Make a well formatted table that lists the volumes you measured (do not calculate these values) Solution To select a specific range of cells in excel: Click the first cell in the range, and then drag to the last cell, or hold down SHIFT while you press the arrow keys to extend the selection. You can also select the firstcell in the range, and then press F8 to extend the selection by using the arrow keys. To stop extending the selection, press F8 again. For specific table selection: Take an example of file content: If I wanted to sum the items in row 1, columns 2-4 (i.e. 11 + 12 + 13) If I were doing it by hand, I\'d type:=SUM(B1:D1) Excel equation to get the volume value for the given table: = product(A1:C1) & = product(A2:C2).

Describe the excel equation that you can use to measure the volumes l.pdf

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