The document is about various topics related to the environment and Earth systems. It discusses the composition of the atmosphere and the important role it plays in sustaining life. It also describes the ozone layer and how it protects the surface from UV radiation. Additionally, it covers geological activity like plate tectonics and volcanoes. Biomes and biogeochemical cycles are defined. Wilderness areas and weather phenomena are also summarized. Ecosystems are described as natural units consisting of biotic and abiotic factors that interact within a defined area. Biodiversity can contribute to an ecosystem's resilience to change.
the atmosphere, (The cover of the air)
the hydrosphere, (water bodies)
the lithosphere (the earth’s crust)
the biosphere. (the life layer)
Environmental Engineer’s role
Environment is what is surrounding us, whether living or non-living. Things wecan see and feel, things we cannot see but feel e.g. air, people and theirpractices and landforms also the weather
This is a presentation from a series related to course LA181 named "Introduction to Environmental Design", Faculty of Environmental Design, King Abdulaziz University.
the atmosphere, (The cover of the air)
the hydrosphere, (water bodies)
the lithosphere (the earth’s crust)
the biosphere. (the life layer)
Environmental Engineer’s role
Environment is what is surrounding us, whether living or non-living. Things wecan see and feel, things we cannot see but feel e.g. air, people and theirpractices and landforms also the weather
This is a presentation from a series related to course LA181 named "Introduction to Environmental Design", Faculty of Environmental Design, King Abdulaziz University.
In this presentation, climatic factors like light, temperature and water are explained. Along with this their importance and their effect on plant life is also explained
It's a piece of work which will be quite helpful for undergraduate or higher secondary students. Other may have a look. Actually it's a copy of one of my chemistry course's assignments. Have fun and download it.
Basic Concept
Elements
Features
Types
Effect of using landscapes
A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate with natural or man-made features.
A landscape includes the physical elements of geophysical defined land forms such as:
(ice-capped) mountains, hills,
Water bodies such as rivers, lakes, ponds and the sea,
Living elements of land cover including indigenous vegetation,
Human elements including different forms of land use,
Buildings, and structures,
Transitory elements such as lighting and weather conditions.
Main Types Of landscapes are:
Natural Landscapes
A natural landscape is the original landscape that exists before it is acted upon by human culture.The natural landscape and the cultural landscape are separate parts of the landscape.
Man-Made Landscapes
These include human activities, like construction of buildings, flyovers, dams and reservoirs. Landscapes, like mountain farming systems and national parks, new townships, deforestation and mining are some examples of man-made landscapes.
Exposure to pesticides and other toxic chemicals with risks of cancer and disease.
Exposure to infectious human and animal waste.
Irritation or allergic reaction from plants or from insect bites or stings.
West Nile virus, Lyme disease or Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
Histoplasmosis from bird droppings.
Hantavirus from mouse droppings.
Injury from working in awkward positions, lifting and carrying heavy objects.
Exposure to extreme temperatures with resultant heat stress and frostbite risks.
Injuries from work with heavy machinery, manual and power tools, and ladders.
Risk of electrical shock and electrocution from working near electrical lines.
Increased risks of injury from stress and from working alone.
In this presentation, climatic factors like light, temperature and water are explained. Along with this their importance and their effect on plant life is also explained
It's a piece of work which will be quite helpful for undergraduate or higher secondary students. Other may have a look. Actually it's a copy of one of my chemistry course's assignments. Have fun and download it.
Basic Concept
Elements
Features
Types
Effect of using landscapes
A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate with natural or man-made features.
A landscape includes the physical elements of geophysical defined land forms such as:
(ice-capped) mountains, hills,
Water bodies such as rivers, lakes, ponds and the sea,
Living elements of land cover including indigenous vegetation,
Human elements including different forms of land use,
Buildings, and structures,
Transitory elements such as lighting and weather conditions.
Main Types Of landscapes are:
Natural Landscapes
A natural landscape is the original landscape that exists before it is acted upon by human culture.The natural landscape and the cultural landscape are separate parts of the landscape.
Man-Made Landscapes
These include human activities, like construction of buildings, flyovers, dams and reservoirs. Landscapes, like mountain farming systems and national parks, new townships, deforestation and mining are some examples of man-made landscapes.
Exposure to pesticides and other toxic chemicals with risks of cancer and disease.
Exposure to infectious human and animal waste.
Irritation or allergic reaction from plants or from insect bites or stings.
West Nile virus, Lyme disease or Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
Histoplasmosis from bird droppings.
Hantavirus from mouse droppings.
Injury from working in awkward positions, lifting and carrying heavy objects.
Exposure to extreme temperatures with resultant heat stress and frostbite risks.
Injuries from work with heavy machinery, manual and power tools, and ladders.
Risk of electrical shock and electrocution from working near electrical lines.
Increased risks of injury from stress and from working alone.
The Earth SystemEarth is the third planet from the sun in our so.docxtodd701
The Earth System
Earth is the third planet from the sun in our solar system. Earth orbits the sun in an elliptical (oval) path. Earth’s orbit is sometimes called the “Goldilocks zone.” Mercury and Venus travel too close to the sun to sustain life—they’re “too hot.” Planets beyond Earth travel too far from the sun—they’re “too cold.” But Earth is “just right.” (Note that there’s evidence that Mars—the Red Planet—once may have sustained microscopic life on its surface. However, conditions on the Red Planet no longer seem favorable.)
The term “Earth system” refers to the different processes and cycles that exist on the planet. All of these work together to sustain life. The four domains of the Earth system include the geosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere. Let’s quickly review each of these.
Layers of Earth
(NASA public domain image)
The geosphere refers to the solid portion of the planet. It includes the rocks and minerals that make up the continents as well as the ocean floor. It also includes structures within Earth, including the liquid mantle and the dense, solid, metallic core. Nonliving surface ground layers, such as desert sands and volcanic rock, are part of the geosphere.
The hydrosphere includes all the water on or near Earth’s surface. The oceans are the major component of the hydrosphere. They make up 97 percent of the Earth’s water. Glaciers and polar ice caps make up about 2 percent of the hydrosphere. Only about 1 percent of the hydrosphere is made up of the liquid freshwater found in ponds, streams, rivers, lakes, and underground water reservoirs (aquifers).
Aquifers are the main freshwater source in America’s “breadbasket” states of the Midwest and Great Plains. (“Breadbasket” states get their name from the volume of wheat, a primary ingredient in bread, grown there.) The hydrosphere extends several miles above the surface of the planet into the atmosphere, mainly in the form of water vapor.
Water vapor is water in its gaseous state. Precipitation is water released from the clouds. It may take the form of rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail. It’s part of the water cycle.
For more information on the hydrosphere, follow this link: What is the HYDROSPHERE?
The atmosphere is the planet’s blanket. It allows living beings on the planet to breathe. It also protects us from the unfriendly features of the universe, such as meteors, cosmic radiation, and the effects of solar flares.
The atmosphere is made up of a variety of layers, as follows:
Earth’s Atmosphere
(NASA public domain image)
· The troposphere is the densest part of the atmosphere. It starts at Earth’s surface and extends upward from about 5 miles (in the higher or lower latitudes) to 9 miles (over the equatorial regions). Most of our weather takes place here.
· The stratosphere extends from the troposphere upward about 31 miles. The ozone layer, which protects the planet from solar ultraviolet radiation, is located in this region.
· The mesosph.
The Earth is like a big team where different parts work together to make everything work well. There are four main parts: the air around us (atmosphere), the water all around (hydrosphere), the solid ground beneath our feet (lithosphere), and all living things (biosphere). Each part has its special job.
The air around us is important because we need it to breathe and live. The water, like oceans and rivers, is a big part too. The solid ground is what we walk on, and all the living things, from plants to animals, make up the biosphere.
These parts work together to make sure everything is balanced and that life can happen. Learning how these parts work together helps us understand how our planet works and changes. It's like a big puzzle, and each piece is important!
1. Atmosphere
The Earth's atmosphere is a complex and dynamic system that surrounds the planet. It is a mixture of gases that are held in place by the Earth's gravity. The atmosphere plays a crucial role in supporting life on Earth by providing the necessary gases for respiration, regulating temperature, and protecting the planet from harmful solar radiation.
2.Biosphere (Living Things)
The biosphere refers to the part of Earth where life exists. It includes the surface of the land, the ocean, the lower atmosphere, and the upper lithosphere. The biosphere is a complex and interconnected system that sustains and supports life.
.Hydrosphere (Water)
The hydrosphere refers to the total amount of water on Earth's surface, including oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, groundwater, and even the water vapor in the atmosphere. It is a critical component of the Earth system and plays a crucial role in supporting life and influencing climate.
4.Lithosphere (Land)
The lithosphere is the outermost shell of the Earth and is composed of the Earth's crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. It is one of the Earth's four major spheres, along with the hydrosphere (water), atmosphere (air), and biosphere (living organisms). The term "lithosphere" comes from the Greek words "lithos," meaning rock, and "sphaira," meaning sphere.
Elements of the physical environmentElements of the Physical E.docxjack60216
Elements of the physical environment
Elements of the Physical Environment
The environment can basically described to be everything that surrounds man, interacts with man and influences the way he exists. The elements therefore can be put to four different categories: the atmosphere which contains the air, gases, climate and water, the hydrosphere that includes water in oceans, seas, rivers and lakes, the lithosphere that describes things on the earth’s surface like rocks, soil and landforms and finally the biosphere that contains life or living things like the flora – plants and fauna – animals. Environment means the surroundings. Land, water, air, plants, animals, solid wastes and other things that are surrounding us constitute our environment. Man and environment are closely intertwined with each other, to maintain a balance or equilibrium in nature.
The Earth's atmosphere is a thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. It made up of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.9% argon, 0.03% carbon dioxide, and very minimal amounts of other gases. This thin gaseous layer insulates the Earth from extreme temperatures; it keeps heat inside the atmosphere and it also blocks the Earth from much of the Sun's incoming ultraviolet radiation. It’s approximated to be about 480 km thick, but most of the atmosphere (about 80%) is within 16 km of the surface of the Earth. There is no exact place where the atmosphere ends; it just gets thinner and thinner, until it merges with outer space. The atmospheric air pressure at sea level, is about equals 760 mm (29.92 inches) of mercury, 14.70 pounds per square inch the air pressure decreases. At an altitude of 10,000 feet, the air pressure is 10 pound per square inch and there is less oxygen to breathe. The atmosphere is made up of layers namely: the thermosphere which includes the exosphere and part of the ionosphere, the exosphere which is the outermost layer of the Earth's atmosphere. The exosphere goes from about 640 km high to about 1,280 km, the ionosphere that starts at about 70-80 km high and continues for hundreds of kilometers like 640 km. It contains many ions and free electrons. The ions are created when sunlight hits atoms and tears off some electrons. Auroras occur in the ionosphere. Others include the mesosphere characterized by decreasing temperatures as you rise, the stratosphere characterized by slight temperature increase with altitude, the tropopause which sits between the stratosphere and the troposphere and finally the troposphere which is the lowest region in the earth’s atmosphere.
A hydrosphere is the total amount of water on a planet. The hydrosphere includes water that is on the surface of the planet, underground, and in the air. A planet's hydrosphere can be liquid, vapor, or ice. On Earth, liquid water exists on the surface in the form of oceans, lakes and rivers. It also exists below ground—as groundwater, in wells and aquifers. Water vapor is most visible as clouds and fog. The frozen part ...
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
2. Atmosphere, climate and weather
The atmosphere of the Earth serves as a key factor in sustaining the
planetary ecosystem. The thin layer of gases that envelops the Earth is
held in place by the planet's gravity. Dry air consists of 78% nitrogen,
21% oxygen, 1% argon and other inert gases, such as carbon dioxide.
The remaining gases are often referred to as trace gases,[16] among
which are the greenhouse gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide,
methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Filtered air includes trace amounts
of many other chemical compounds. Air also contains a variable amount
of water vapor and suspensions of water droplets and ice crystals seen
as clouds. Many natural substances may be present in tiny amounts in
an unfiltered air sample, including dust, pollen and spores, sea spray,
volcanic ash, and meteoroids. Various industrial pollutants also may be
present, such as chlorine (elementary or in compounds), fluorine
compounds, elemental mercury, and sulphur compounds such as
sulphur dioxide [SO2].
3. The ozone layer of the Earth's
atmosphere plays an important role in
depleting the amount of ultraviolet
(UV) radiation that reaches the surface.
As DNA is readily damaged by UV light,
this serves to protect life at the
surface. The atmosphere also retains
heat during the night, thereby reducing
the daily temperature extremes.
4. Geological activity
The Earth's crust, or lithosphere, is the outermost
solid surface of the planet and is chemically and
mechanically different from underlying mantle. It has
been generated largely by igneous processes in which
magma (molten rock) cools and solidifies to form solid
rock. Beneath the lithosphere lies the mantle which is
heated by the decay of radioactive elements. The
mantle though solid is in a state of rhrci convection.
This convection process causes the lithospher plates
to move, albeit slowly. The resulting process is known
as plate tectonics. Volcanoes result primarily from
the melting of subtracted crust material or of rising
mantle at mid-ocean ridges and mantle plumes.
5. Biogeochemical cycles
Biomes are terminologically similar to the concept of
ecosystems, and are climatically and geographically defined
areas of ecologically similar climatic conditions on the Earth,
such as communities of plants, animals, and soil organisms,
often referred to as ecosystems. Biomes are defined on the
basis of factors such as plant structures (such as trees,
shrubs, and grasses), leaf types (such as broadleaf and
needleleaf), plant spacing (forest, woodland, savanna), and
climate. Unlike ecozones, biomes are not defined by genetic,
taxonomic, or historical similarities. Biomes are often
identified with particular patterns of ecological succession and
climax vegetation.
Biogeochemical cycles
6. Chloroplasts conduct
photosynthesis and are found
in plant cells and other
eukaryotic organisms. These
are Chloroplasts visible in the
cells of Plagiomnium affine —
Many-fruited Thyme-moss.
7. Wilderness
Wilderness is generally defined as a natural environment on
Earth that has not been significantly modified by human
activity. The WILD Foundation goes into more detail, defining
wilderness as: "The most intact, undisturbed wild natural
areas left on our planet - those last truly wild places that
humans do not control and have not developed with roads,
pipelines or other industrial infrastructure." Wilderness areas
and protected parks are considered important for the survival
of certain species, ecological studies, conservation, solitude,
and recreation. Wilderness is deeply valued for cultural,
spiritual, moral, and aesthetic reasons. Some nature writers
believe wilderness areas are vital for the human spirit and
creativity.
8. Weather
Weather is a set of all the phenomena
occurring in a given atmospheric area at a given
time .Most weather phenomena occur in the
troposphere, just below the stratosphere.
Weather refers, generally, to day-to-day
temperature and precipitation activity, whereas
climate is the term for the average
atmospheric conditions over longer periods of
time . When used without qualification,
"weather" is understood to be the weather of
Earth.
9. Weather occurs due to density (temperature and
moisture) differences between one place and
another. These differences can occur due to the sun
angle at any particular spot, which varies by latitude
from the tropics. The strong temperature contrast
between polar and tropical air gives rise to the jet
stream. Weather systems in the mid-latitudes, such
as extratropical cyclones, are caused by instabilities
of the jet stream flow. Because the Earth's axis is
tilted relative to its orbital plane, sunlight is incident
at different angles at different times of the year.
On the Earth's surface, temperatures usually range
±40 °C (100 °F to −40 °F) annually.
10. ECOSYSTEM
Ecosystems An ecosystem (also called as environment) is a
natural unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms
(biotic factors) in an area functioning together with all of the
non-living physical factors of the environment.
Central to the ecosystem concept is the idea that living
organisms are continually engaged in a highly interrelated set of
relationships with every other element constituting the
environment in which they exist. Eugene Odum, one of the
founders of the science of ecology, stated: "Any unit that
includes all of the organisms (ie: the "community") in a given area
interacting with the physical environment so that a flow of
energy leads to clearly defined trophic structure, biotic
diversity, and material cycles (i.e.: exchange of materials
between living and nonliving parts) within the system is an
ecosystem.
11. A greater number or variety of species or
biological diversity of an ecosystem may
contribute to greater resilience of an
ecosystem, because there are more species
present at a location to respond to change and
thus "absorb" or reduce its effects. This
reduces the effect before the
ecosyfundamentally changed to a different
state. This is not universally the case and
there is noproven relationship between the
species diversity of an ecosystem and its
ability to provide goods and services on a
sustainable level.