Explain a) advantage of promoting outcrossing in plants and preventing self-fertilization, explain b) two (2) neat/cool mechanisms you learned on how plants pollinate others. Make sure you provide enough detail showcasing your understanding of those processes. Explain a) advantage of dispersing seeds, andexplain b) two (2) neat/cool mechanisms you learned on how disperse their seeds. Make sure you provide enough detail showcasing your understanding of those processes. Solution Advantages of promoting outcrossing in plants and preventing self-fertilization: Adding genetic diversity to the species, It will add resistant to diseases, It will help in production of hybrid plants and flowers, which keeps the species strong, It will help in production of large number of viable seeds. There is a possibility to add new desirable characters, Yield of crop can be maintained, It helps in evolution, Undesirable characters of the plant can be eliminated. Mechanisms you learned on how plants pollinate others: 1. Imperfect (or unisexual) flowers and monoecy. The separation of the male sexual part (stamen) and the female part (pistil) into two separate flowers eliminates intrafloral pollination and favors outcrossing. In monoecy (adj. monoecious), or monoecism, both imperfect flowers are borne on the same plant.e.g. pumpkin and squash, melons 2. Imperfect flowers and dioecy. The natural occurence of individual plants bearing either staminate or pistillate flowers ensures cross-pollination. This phenomenon is called dioecy (adj. dioecious). e.g. papaya 3. Dichogamy. Opposite of homogamy, the stamen and the pistil mature at different periods. There are two main types: protandry and protogyny. In protandry, the stamens or anthers develop ahead and the pollen grains mature and are shed before the pistils or the stigma become mature and receptive. Eg: Asteraceae In protogyny, the pistils or stigma mature ahead of the stamens or anthers. e.g. Suaeda; Simpson 4. Chasmogamy. Opposite of cleistogamy, pollen is shed, the stigma becomes receptive, and pollination occurs when the flower opens The opening of the flower exposes the stigma to pollen from other flowers. 5. Hercogamy (or herkogamy). This is the spatial separation of the male (stamens) and female (stigma) sexual organs within a flower. In one type of hercogamy called heterostyly, the heights of stigmas relative to the stamens vary from flower to flower. 6. Self-sterility or self-incompatibility. Self-sterility is the inability of a plant to form functional gametes or sexual structures while self- incompatibility is a condition in which fertilization fails to occur between gametes from the same individual. In both cases, self-pollination does not form a seed and thus seeds that are formed necessarily arise from cross-pollination. ACCORDING TO CHEGG GUIDELINES WE HAVE TO ANSWER ONE QUESTION AT A TIME. POST THE REST AS SEPERATE QEUSTION, THEN I CAN HELP YOU..

1. Explain a) advantage of promoting outcrossing in plants and preventing self-fertilization, explain
b) two (2) neat/cool mechanisms you learned on how plants pollinate others. Make sure you
provide enough detail showcasing your understanding of those processes.
Explain a) advantage of dispersing seeds, andexplain b) two (2) neat/cool mechanisms you
learned on how disperse their seeds. Make sure you provide enough detail showcasing your
understanding of those processes.
Solution
Advantages of promoting outcrossing in plants and preventing self-fertilization:
Adding genetic diversity to the species,
It will add resistant to diseases,
It will help in production of hybrid plants and flowers, which keeps the species strong,
It will help in production of large number of viable seeds.
There is a possibility to add new desirable characters,
Yield of crop can be maintained,
It helps in evolution,
Undesirable characters of the plant can be eliminated.
Mechanisms you learned on how plants pollinate others:
1. Imperfect (or unisexual) flowers and monoecy.
The separation of the male sexual part (stamen) and the female part (pistil) into two separate
flowers eliminates intrafloral pollination and favors outcrossing. In monoecy (adj. monoecious),
or monoecism, both imperfect flowers are borne on the same plant.e.g. pumpkin and squash,
melons
2. Imperfect flowers and dioecy.
The natural occurence of individual plants bearing either staminate or pistillate flowers ensures
cross-pollination. This phenomenon is called dioecy (adj. dioecious). e.g. papaya
3. Dichogamy.
Opposite of homogamy, the stamen and the pistil mature at different periods. There are two
main types: protandry and protogyny.
In protandry, the stamens or anthers develop ahead and the pollen grains mature and are shed
before the pistils or the stigma become mature and receptive. Eg: Asteraceae
In protogyny, the pistils or stigma mature ahead of the stamens or anthers. e.g. Suaeda; Simpson
4. Chasmogamy.
Opposite of cleistogamy, pollen is shed, the stigma becomes receptive, and pollination occurs

2. when the flower opens The opening of the flower exposes the stigma to pollen from other
flowers.
5. Hercogamy (or herkogamy).
This is the spatial separation of the male (stamens) and female (stigma) sexual organs within a
flower. In one type of hercogamy called heterostyly, the heights of stigmas relative to the
stamens vary from flower to flower.
6. Self-sterility or self-incompatibility.
Self-sterility is the inability of a plant to form functional gametes or sexual structures while self-
incompatibility is a condition in which fertilization fails to occur between gametes from the same
individual. In both cases, self-pollination does not form a seed and thus seeds that are formed
necessarily arise from cross-pollination.
ACCORDING TO CHEGG GUIDELINES WE HAVE TO ANSWER ONE QUESTION AT A
TIME. POST THE REST AS SEPERATE QEUSTION, THEN I CAN HELP YOU.