An ecosystem is a geographic area where biotic and abiotic factors interact to support life. Biotic factors include plants, animals and other organisms, while abiotic factors are non-living like temperature, rocks and humidity. In an ecosystem, every factor depends directly or indirectly on every other factor, so a change in one aspect like temperature can affect plants and the animals that rely on them. Ecosystems can be terrestrial, aquatic, mixed land-water or air-land, and are classified based on characteristics like climate and habitat type.

1. An ecosystem is a geographic area where plants, animals,
and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape,
work together to form a bubble of life
Ecosystems contain biotic or living parts as well as abiotic factors, or nonliving parts. Biotic
factors include plants, animals, and other organisms. Abiotic factors include rocks, temperature, and humidity.

2. •Terrestrial ecosystems
•Aquatic ecosystems
•Mixed ecosystems (water-land) and air-
terrestrial (air-land)
•Artificial or non-natural ecosystems of
modified landscape (created by human
beings)
Types of ecosystems
Every factor in an ecosystem depends on
every other factor, either directly or indirectly.
A change in the temperature of
an ecosystem will often affect what plants will
grow there, for instance.
Animals that depend
on plants for food and shelter will have
to adapt to the changes, move to
another ecosystem, or perish.

3. Terrestrial ecosystems
Terrestrial ecosystems occupy
only 30% of the Earth's surface.
Within this 30%, we can subdivide
certain types of terrestrial ecosystems
which have specific characteristics.
They are:
•Deserts (30%)
•Savannahs and tropical grasslands,
such as steppes, prairies and
grasslands (20%)
•Jungles (23%)
•Forest ecosystem, i.e. temperate
forests and tundras (17%)
•Crop areas (10%)

12. FOOD WEB

14. Energy flow in the ecosytem

16. Ecological pyramid