The document outlines the major periods in the history of al-Andalus and its art from the 8th century to the late 15th century. It begins with the Dependent Emirate period where al-Andalus was governed by an emir under the Caliph of Damascus. It then discusses the Independent Emirate period after Abd-al-Rahman I established himself as emir. Next, it covers the Córdoba Caliphate period when Abd-al-Rahman III proclaimed himself Caliph. Following this was the era of the Taifa Kingdoms and North African dynasties, before the last Taifa and Nasrid Kingdom of Granada until its fall in 1492. For