Helmántica en las rutas de comunicación peninsulares durante época prerromanaMaira Gil Camarón
En este artículo pretendemos demostrar que la Campaña de Aníbal en las ciudades de Helmántica y Arbucala no fue un hecho aislado, sino que puede explicarse por la posible existencia de vías de comunicación entre la Meseta y las zonas costeras del sur peninsular desde época prerromana. Asimismo, intentaremos establecer la ubicación de esas rutas a partir de datos arqueológicos, teniendo en cuenta la complicada orografía del terreno.
La fecha de la fundación de Gadir se nos sigue presentando a día de hoy como un enigma, puesto que las fuentes clásicas no van por el mismo camino que las arqueológicas. Por ese motivo en este artículo intentamos dejar sobre la mesa los diferentes motivos por los que existe la controversia.
Presencia Bárquida en la Península Ibérica y su relación con los pueblos del ...Maira Gil Camarón
En este artículo revisamos los datos que nos hablan acerca de la presencia de la familia Bárquida en el interior de la Península Ibérica y su trato con los pueblos prerromanos, haciendo especial referencia a la existencia de los caminos que llevaban hacia la Meseta Norte Occidental
Un palacio-santuario en las vías de comunicación protohistóricas peninsulares...Maira Gil Camarón
En el siguiente artículo hacemos un análisis arqueológico del palacio-santuario de Cancho Roano (Badajoz), situado en una zona estratégica de las vías de comunicación protohistóricas peninsulares.
La Vía de la Plata y los otros caminos que unían el mundo orientalizante y la...Maira Gil Camarón
En el siguiente artículo se hace un estudio de los caminos prerromanos que servían para unir las zonas orientalizantes del sur con la Meseta Norte Occidental.
En el siguiente artículo mostramos los diferentes asentamientos donde se han encontrado contactos fenicios con los habitantes de las costas portuguesas durante época protohistórica.
Trashumancia antes de la trashumancia. Existencia de caminos en la protohisto...Maira Gil Camarón
En el siguiente artículo tratamos de demostrar la existencia de caminos protohistóricos frecuentados por pastores trashumantes mucho antes de la existencia real de la Trashumancia tal y como la conocemos hoy.
Los metales de Iberia y su importancia en la colonización fenicia: fuentes y ...Maira Gil Camarón
En el siguiente artículo tratamos de la importancia que tuvieron los metales en Iberia a la hora de hablar de la colonización fenicia, haciendo un análisis a partir de fuentes históricas y datos arqueológicos.
Historia mediaval de España, en inglés, para alumnos de 5º de Educación Primaria. Colegio Sagrados Corazones (Santo Domingo de la Calzada). Realizado por el profesor Marcos Bustillo Ramírez.
En la siguiente infografría se hace un breve resumen de la aparición del hierro a partir de la Revolución Industrial y sus primeros pasos como punto de partida para la nueva concepción de la arquitectura, sobre todo durante el siglo XIX , con la gran importancia que en ese siglo tuvieron las Exposiciones Universales.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2. How did Islam Expand?
The expansion of Islam
(622-846)
When Muhammad died, most of
the Arabian Peninsula had
converted into Islam
7th
century: the Muslims
faced the Byzantine empire
and conquered Syria, Egypt
and part of the Persian Empire
8th
century: the Muslims
reached the Indus River and
North Africa (Berber tribes).
They conquered the Iberian
Peninsula
9th
century: they expanded
towards Nubia and south and
central Italy
3. The organisation of the Caliphate
Muhammad
The first four caliphs were chosen from Muhammad’s
family. This created a divide between the Muslims
Shi’a – They believed the caliph should be a direct descendent
of Muhammad
Sunni – They thought the caliph should be chosen from the
most devout believers
Umayyad dynasty. Capital city: Damascus. They led a
great expansion, conquering the Iberian Peninsula
Abbasid dynasty. Capital city: Baghdad. Some provinces
separated themselves from the central power
Turks.
4.
5. Cultural and economic splendour
Arabic: official language of the Islamic empire
Other religions were tolerated but Muslims favoured the
Islamisation of most of the population to avoid paying taxes
New cities emerged and became religious, political economic
and cultural centres
Schools, libraries and centres for translators (Toledo)
were created great knowledge of the ancient world
was preserved and developed
6. The establishment of Al-Andalus
Military conquest
At the beginning of the 8th
century, the Muslims conquered the
Iberian Peninsula due to the weakness of the Visitoghic
Kingdom
The majority of the conquerors were North African called
Berbers, led by an Arab minority. They were managed by Tariq
and Muza
They crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and defeated the Visigoths
in the Battle of Guadalete (711), in which king Roderick died
By 718, the invading armies controlled most of the Peninsula.
A few Visigoths and very small part of the general population
fled to the areas of Cantabria and Asturias, which were not
conquered by the Muslims
7.
8. The dependent Emirate (718-756)
After the conquest, Al-Andalus became a province (or
dependent emirate) of the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus
The capital was established in Córdoba and an emir was
appointed to rule the emirate. His power in territories north of
the Sistema Central was scarce and limited to the maintenance
of some military garrisons
The independent Emirate (756-929)
When the Abbsids of Baghdad killed the last Umayyad caliph,
the only survivor of the Umayyad, prince Abd al-Rahman I,
took refuge in al-Andalus. He broke away from the Baghdad
Caliphate and, in 756, he declared himself an independent
emir founded the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba
politically independent, but it remained under the religious
authority of the caliph
The Independent Emirate experienced a period of economic
and cultural development
9.
10. Evolution of Al-Andalus 929-1492
The Caliphate of Córdoba
929-1031
10th
century: the Emirate faced
numerous problems
The emir Abd al-Rahman III was
powerful enough to declare religious
independence and proclaim
himself caliph of al-Andalus. He had
absolute power in a territory
independent from the authority of
Baghdad
The Caliphate of Córdoba was formed
and a golden age began. There was
stability within al-Andalus, economic
development and cultural prosperity
11. The Golden Age of the Caliphate of Córdoba
The caliphs put a stop to the expansion of the Christian kingdom and were
able to dominate them militarily thanks to successful military expeditions
organised by Al-Mansur
It was a time of economic prosperity due to the role played by al-Andalus
as an intermediary in trade between the Middle East, North Africa and
Christian Europe
Wealth generated by taxes on agricultural production and commercial traffic
allowed them to maintain both a large bureaucracy and army
12. From the year 1008, the Caliphate of Córdoba was no longer unified. Top civil
servants, aristocrats and the army fought for power and al-Andalus was
divided into 25 independent kingdoms, called Taifas
To avoid the Christian advance, new Muslim armies arrived from North Africa
(Almoravids in 11th
century and Almohads in the 12th
century) and settled in
al-Andalus. They temporarily stopped the Christian advance, but almost all of
the Taifas were conquered by the Christian kingdoms in the 13th
century
13. The Nasrid Kingdom of Granada 1248-1492
The Taifa of Granada was the only Taifa to survive. It included
Almería, Granada, Málaga and part of Cádiz.
The extensive wealth and economic activity of the Taifa
allowed it to pay taxes to the Christian kings. This ensured its
survival until 1492, when the last king, Boabdil surrendered
to the Catholic Monarchs