4. Nervous System
The nervous system is a complex network
of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from
the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body.
The nervous system includes both the
Central nervous system and Peripheral nervous
system.
The basic cell of nervous system is neuron, responsible
for receiving and sending of chemical and electrical
message.
6. Integumentary System
The integumentary system is an organ system
consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands.
The skin is only a few millimeters thick yet is by far the
largest organ in the body. The average person’s skin
weighs 10 pounds and has a surface area of almost 20
square feet. Skin forms the body’s outer covering and
forms a barrier to protect the body from chemicals,
disease, UV light, and physical damage. Hair and
nails extend from the skin to reinforce the skin and
protect it from environmental damage.
7.
8. Respiratory System
The respiratory system is the bodily system that carries
out respiratory functions, based on gaseous exchanges.
It allows the intake of air, to deliver oxygen to organs
and tissues, and the expulsion of carbon dioxide. The
respiratory system begins at the mouth and nose, then
passes through the pharynx, larynx, and trachea,
ending in the bronchial tubes and pulmonary alveoli,
which control the exchange between oxygen and
carbon dioxide.
10. Digestive System
The digestive system is a group of organs working
together to convert food into energy and basic
nutrients to feed the entire body. Food passes through
a long tube inside the body known as the alimentary
canal or the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). The
alimentary canal is made up of the oral cavity,
pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, and
large intestines. In addition to the alimentary canal,
there are several important accessory organs that help
your body to digest foodbut do not have food pass
through them.
11. Major functions in Digestion
Ingestion
Secretion
Mixing and movement
Digestion
Absorption
Excretion
13. Excretory System
The excretory system is a passive biological system
that removes excess, unnecessary materials from
the body fluids of an organism, so as to help maintain
internal chemical homeostasis and prevent damage to
the body. The dual function of excretory systems is the
elimination of the waste products of metabolism and
to drain the body of used up and broken down
components in a liquid and gaseous state.
15. Skeletal System
The human skeleton is comprised of the total set of
bones that provide the human body a multifunctional
structure. The adult human skeletal system contains
206 bones! It also consists of
the joints, cartilage, tendons and ligaments that
connect them.
The main functions of skeletal system are:
Support of the body
Locomotion
Provide protection for internal organs
It stores blood cells, minerals and particularly calcium
16. Muscular System
The muscular system is responsible for the movement
of the human body. Attached to the bones of the
skeletal system are about 700 named muscles that
make up roughly half of a person’s body weight. Each
of these muscles is a discrete organ constructed of
skeletal muscle tissue, blood vessels, tendons, and
nerves. Muscle tissue is also found inside of the heart,
digestive organs, and blood vessels. In these organs,
muscles serve to move substances throughout the
body.
19. Circulatory System
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood
vessels, and the approximately 5 liters of blood that
the blood vessels transport. Responsible for
transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and cellular
waste products throughout the body, the
cardiovascular system is powered by the body’s
hardest-working organ — the heart, which is only
about the size of a closed fist. Even at rest, the average
heart easily pumps over 5 liters of blood throughout
the body every minute.
21. Endocrine System
The endocrine system is the collection of glands that
produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and
development, tissue function, sexual function,
reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things.
Glands are:
hypothalamus.
pituitary gland.
thyroid.
parathyroids.
adrenal glands.
pineal body.
reproductive glands.
pancreas.
23. Reproductive System
Human reproductive system, organ system by which
humans reproduce and bear live offspring. Provided all organs
are present, normally constructed, and functioning properly,
the essential features of human reproduction are (1) liberation
of an ovum, or egg, at a specific time in the reproductive cycle,
(2) internal fertilization of the ovum by spermatozoa,
or sperm cells, (3) transport of the fertilized ovum to
the uterus, or womb, (4) implantation of the blastocyst, the
early embryo developed from the fertilized ovum, in the wall
of the uterus, (5) formation of a placenta and maintenance of
the unborn child during the entire period of gestation,
(6) birth of the child and expulsion of the placenta, and (7)
suckling and care of the child, with an eventual return of the
maternal organs to virtually their original state.
25. Lymphatic System
The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs
that help rid the body of toxins, waste and other
unwanted materials. The primary function of the
lymphatic system is to transport lymph, a fluid
containing infection-fighting white blood cells,
throughout the body.
It is responsible for the removal of interstitial fluid from
tissues.
It absorbs and transports fatty
acids and fats as chyle from the digestive system.
It transports white blood cells to and from the lymph
nodes into the bones.
