Ludwig Wittgenstein was an influential Austrian-British philosopher known for his work in logic, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of language. He is considered one of the greatest philosophers of the 20th century. There were two stages to his thought - his early work focused on logic and language in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, while his later work in Philosophical Investigations criticized traditional philosophy and focused on ordinary language. Wittgenstein had a significant influence on analytic philosophy and various fields such as logic, ethics, and psychology.
Semiotics, Semantics, and The Linguistic Turn in Philosophycognitiveron
This document provides an overview of semantics and theories of meaning. It discusses semantics as the study of linguistic meaning, and notes its importance to linguistics and computer science. Several theories of meaning are examined, including the denotational theory which views words as naming objects, and problems with this view. Wittgenstein's early work in the Tractatus is summarized, followed by his later rejection of some of these views in Philosophical Investigations, where he introduced the concept of language games. The document also briefly discusses the work of Frege, Russell, and Peirce in relation to theories of meaning and semantics.
CURSO: PHILOSOPHY AND EPISTEMOLOGY
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL PEDRO RUIZ GALLO
MAESTRIA EN EDUCACION CON MENCION EN DIDACTICAS DEL IDIOMA INGLES
DOCENTE : Dr. Wilson Lozano
Maestrante : Lic. Lupe Rivera Gonzales
This document summarizes the key philosophers of analytic philosophy, including Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Gilbert Ryle, and Richard Rorty. It discusses their views on logic, language, and analysis. Frege wanted to put logic at the heart of philosophy. Russell combined Frege's logic with empiricism. Wittgenstein studied under Russell and influenced logical positivism with his early focus on language picturing the world and later understanding it as a game. Ryle and other mid-20th century philosophers thought traditional problems could be dissolved by language analysis. Rorty later used analytic methods to deconstruct its assumptions.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
This document discusses the differences between analytic and continental philosophy in their approaches to language and meaning. Analytic philosophy focuses on logically analyzing language to solve philosophical problems, viewing meaning as determined by syntax and semantics. Continental philosophy, particularly phenomenology, emphasizes lived experiences and considers meaning as embedded in embodiment rather than separate from it. Phenomenology sees language as expressing meanings derived from pre-linguistic experiences of objects. It argues analytic philosophy cannot account for rich lived experiences and meanings beyond written or spoken words. The document concludes that while the two traditions differ in focus, cross-fertilization between them may provide a more comprehensive understanding of language that incorporates both structured analysis and lived experiences.
Dialogical Odes by John Keats: Mythologically RevisitedBahram Kazemian
This paper, using Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of dialogism tries to investigate the indications of dialogic voice in Odes by John Keats. Indeed this study goes through the dialogic reading of ‘Ode to a Nightingale’, ‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’, ‘Ode to Psyche’, and ‘Ode on Melancholy’, considering mythological outlooks. Analyzing Keats’s odes through dialogical perspective may reveal that Keats plays a role of an involved and social poet of his own time. Moreover, Keats embraces the world of fancy and imagination to free himself from sufferings of his society. Keats’ odes are influenced by expression of pain-joy reality by which he builds up a dialogue with readers trying to display his own political and social engagement. Applying various kinds of mythological elements and figures within the odes may disclose Keats’s historical response and reaction toward a conflicted society and human grieves in general.
Picture theory of meaning and logical atomism in TLP.pptxΒασίλης Ευαγγελίδης
The document provides an overview of Wittgenstein's Tractatus and some of its key influences and ideas. It discusses:
1) Wittgenstein was influenced by the exact sciences through thinkers like Boltzmann, Hertz, and Russell, which shaped his ideas around logical atomism, the theory of meaning, and truth tables.
2) In the Tractatus, Wittgenstein criticized the views of Frege, Russell, and others on topics like the nature of logical truths, the status of logical constants, and the character of logical connectives.
3) Wittgenstein proposed in the Tractatus that the world consists of facts and states of affairs, and that language pictures these through logical
Ludwig Wittgenstein was an influential Austrian-British philosopher known for his work in logic, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of language. He is considered one of the greatest philosophers of the 20th century. There were two stages to his thought - his early work focused on logic and language in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, while his later work in Philosophical Investigations criticized traditional philosophy and focused on ordinary language. Wittgenstein had a significant influence on analytic philosophy and various fields such as logic, ethics, and psychology.
Semiotics, Semantics, and The Linguistic Turn in Philosophycognitiveron
This document provides an overview of semantics and theories of meaning. It discusses semantics as the study of linguistic meaning, and notes its importance to linguistics and computer science. Several theories of meaning are examined, including the denotational theory which views words as naming objects, and problems with this view. Wittgenstein's early work in the Tractatus is summarized, followed by his later rejection of some of these views in Philosophical Investigations, where he introduced the concept of language games. The document also briefly discusses the work of Frege, Russell, and Peirce in relation to theories of meaning and semantics.
CURSO: PHILOSOPHY AND EPISTEMOLOGY
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL PEDRO RUIZ GALLO
MAESTRIA EN EDUCACION CON MENCION EN DIDACTICAS DEL IDIOMA INGLES
DOCENTE : Dr. Wilson Lozano
Maestrante : Lic. Lupe Rivera Gonzales
This document summarizes the key philosophers of analytic philosophy, including Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Gilbert Ryle, and Richard Rorty. It discusses their views on logic, language, and analysis. Frege wanted to put logic at the heart of philosophy. Russell combined Frege's logic with empiricism. Wittgenstein studied under Russell and influenced logical positivism with his early focus on language picturing the world and later understanding it as a game. Ryle and other mid-20th century philosophers thought traditional problems could be dissolved by language analysis. Rorty later used analytic methods to deconstruct its assumptions.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
This document discusses the differences between analytic and continental philosophy in their approaches to language and meaning. Analytic philosophy focuses on logically analyzing language to solve philosophical problems, viewing meaning as determined by syntax and semantics. Continental philosophy, particularly phenomenology, emphasizes lived experiences and considers meaning as embedded in embodiment rather than separate from it. Phenomenology sees language as expressing meanings derived from pre-linguistic experiences of objects. It argues analytic philosophy cannot account for rich lived experiences and meanings beyond written or spoken words. The document concludes that while the two traditions differ in focus, cross-fertilization between them may provide a more comprehensive understanding of language that incorporates both structured analysis and lived experiences.
Dialogical Odes by John Keats: Mythologically RevisitedBahram Kazemian
This paper, using Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of dialogism tries to investigate the indications of dialogic voice in Odes by John Keats. Indeed this study goes through the dialogic reading of ‘Ode to a Nightingale’, ‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’, ‘Ode to Psyche’, and ‘Ode on Melancholy’, considering mythological outlooks. Analyzing Keats’s odes through dialogical perspective may reveal that Keats plays a role of an involved and social poet of his own time. Moreover, Keats embraces the world of fancy and imagination to free himself from sufferings of his society. Keats’ odes are influenced by expression of pain-joy reality by which he builds up a dialogue with readers trying to display his own political and social engagement. Applying various kinds of mythological elements and figures within the odes may disclose Keats’s historical response and reaction toward a conflicted society and human grieves in general.
Picture theory of meaning and logical atomism in TLP.pptxΒασίλης Ευαγγελίδης
The document provides an overview of Wittgenstein's Tractatus and some of its key influences and ideas. It discusses:
1) Wittgenstein was influenced by the exact sciences through thinkers like Boltzmann, Hertz, and Russell, which shaped his ideas around logical atomism, the theory of meaning, and truth tables.
2) In the Tractatus, Wittgenstein criticized the views of Frege, Russell, and others on topics like the nature of logical truths, the status of logical constants, and the character of logical connectives.
3) Wittgenstein proposed in the Tractatus that the world consists of facts and states of affairs, and that language pictures these through logical
This document provides a summary and review of Roland Barthes' 1977 book "Image Music Text". It discusses key concepts from Barthes' work such as the distinction between denotation and connotation in interpreting images and texts. It also summarizes Barthes' interest in structural analysis of narratives and comparison of narrative structures to sentence structures in linguistics. The review analyzes Barthes' focus on identifying basic units of analysis for constructing narratives and moving them forward in time through descriptions and causal relationships between events.
Abstract Of The Text For Presentation To Defend MA ThesisCourtney Esco
This document summarizes and compares the philosophical conceptions of language games by Ludwig Wittgenstein and lifeworld by Edmund Husserl. It discusses Wittgenstein's evolution from the picture theory of language to language games as forms of life dependent on context and social conventions. It also examines Husserl's phenomenology and the constitution of objective reality through intersubjective experience, including the lifeworld as the prescientific world of perception that forms our common horizon of understanding.
This document provides background information on Ludwig Wittgenstein, a 20th century Austrian-British philosopher. It discusses his early influence on logical positivism and later work developing ordinary language philosophy. Wittgenstein focused on logical analysis of language and believed philosophy's task was to clarify thought and eliminate ambiguities in ordinary language. He was a religious man influenced by Christianity and St. Augustine. Leo Tolstoy's "The Gospel in Brief" also strongly influenced Wittgenstein and his view that ethics and religion cannot be discussed but only shown. The document examines parallels between Wittgenstein and Tolstoy's lives and the impact of "The Gospel in Brief" on Wittgenstein's later work.
A case study of the novel siddhartha from the perspective of intertextualityAlexander Decker
This document summarizes and analyzes a case study of the novel Siddhartha from an intertextual perspective. It begins by critiquing structuralism and deconstruction, arguing they are inadequate because they are based on Saussure's linguistic theory. It advocates Mikhail Bakhtin's idea of dialogicality and the resulting concept of intertextuality. The paper then analyzes Siddhartha, showing how the protagonist responds to conflicting ideas, using language and creativity to find harmony. It concludes that intertextuality can help understand how texts relate to traditions, socioeconomic forces, and influence each other through citations and echoes across authors.
This document discusses the fathers of psycholinguistics, including linguists like Wilhelm Von Humboldt, Ferdinand de Saussure, Edward Sapir, Leonard Bloomfield, and Otto Jespersen, as well as psychologists like John Dewey, Karl Bühler, Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt, John Broadus Watson, and Albert Paul Weiss. It provides brief biographies of each person and summarizes their key contributions to the fields of linguistics and psychology and how they helped establish psycholinguistics.
This document provides a summary and analysis of Winston's transition from a structuralist to poststructuralist discourse in George Orwell's novel 1984. In the beginning, Winston analyzes the political situation from a structuralist perspective, believing the proles will overthrow the oppressive Party. However, after being tortured, Winston comes to accept the Party's poststructuralist discourse of doublethink and the mutability of history and language. The document analyzes this transition through the lenses of structuralism, poststructuralism, Foucault's theories of discourse and power, and postmodern architecture. It argues Winston ultimately betrays his beliefs by allowing the Party to fully control his mind.
Structuralism emerged in France in the 1950s through the work of Claude Levi-Strauss and Roland Barthes. It believes that phenomena can only be understood in the context of larger structures. Structuralism analyzes relationships between signs and seeks to locate systems of meaning within cultural structures. It was applied to fields like anthropology, sociology, and literature. Key thinkers were Levi-Strauss, who applied structural linguistics concepts to anthropology, and Barthes, who examined aspects of modern culture from a structural perspective.
A study of the novel siddhartha from the perspective of intertextualityAlexander Decker
This document discusses literary analysis approaches like structuralism, deconstruction, and intertextuality. It argues that structuralism and deconstruction, which were influenced by Saussure's linguistic theories, did not adequately account for the social and dialogic nature of language. The concept of dialogicality proposed by Bakhtin is presented as a better approach. Dialogicality views language as existing between individuals in society rather than as an abstract system. This led to the idea of intertextuality, where a text's meaning is derived from its relationships with other texts, rather than having a single, fixed meaning or origin. The document concludes by advocating for an intertextual approach to literary analysis that examines an author's engagement with traditions
The document discusses the key concepts of phenomenology as a sociological orientation. Phenomenology studies common sense, conscious experience, and routine daily life. It seeks to understand the world from the point of view of individuals rather than external observers. Edmund Husserl developed phenomenology in the early 20th century as a descriptive method focused on structures of consciousness and experience. Phenomenology aims to understand individual meanings and social interactions through descriptive analysis rather than establishing absolute truths.
Post-structuralism emerged in the 1960s as a response to structuralism. It focuses on examining sources of meaning beyond the author, such as readers and cultural norms. Key figures include Roland Barthes, who argued the author is not the prime source of a text's meaning, and Jacques Derrida, who proposed theoretical limitations to structuralism. Post-structuralism differs from structuralism in its philosophical origins, emphasis on language as unstable rather than orderly, and aim to question assumptions rather than establish truth. Deconstruction examines how meanings play in language and change over contexts to understand silenced voices.
Mikhail Bakhtin was a Russian philosopher and scholar who worked on literary theory, ethics, and philosophy of language. He believed that language is learned through social interaction and that all language use has a point of view and context, making it inherently ideological. Bakhtin also argued that every utterance is a product of interaction between speakers and is influenced by the social situation. He developed concepts of how languages have centripetal forces that aim to standardize language but also centrifugal forces from diverse social uses that challenge standardization and make language heteroglossic.
Internal Language - External ImplicationsAlexis Vigo
This document summarizes and discusses Noam Chomsky's internal conception of language and how it relates to referential semantics, an external view of language. It discusses how Chomsky views language as being internally represented in the mind, generated by innate principles, rather than as external linguistic conventions used for communication about external things. This raises issues for referential semantics, which sees words as having meaning through their relation to external things. The document explores challenges Chomsky raises to reconciling an internal view of language with referential semantics' view of meaning as involving language-world relations.
A Bakhtinian dialogical nature of theme in Keats’s odes as a circular escape ...Bahram Kazemian
This document summarizes a research paper that applies Mikhail Bakhtin's concept of dialogism to analyze themes of pain and pleasure in John Keats's odes. It discusses how Bakhtin viewed language as inherently dialogic and meaning as emerging through dialogue. The document reviews literature on previous analyses of Keats's poems and argues his odes express a dialogic engagement with social and political issues of his time through themes. It concludes that examining Keats's odes through a Bakhtinian lens can provide new insights into his responses to the cultural context and "troubled society" he observed.
This document discusses structuralism as a literary movement. It began in the 1950s with Claude Levi-Strauss and views all human activities and products as being constructed rather than natural. Structuralism holds that meaning comes from relationships within a system or structure rather than from inherent qualities. A key idea is that language constructs our perception of reality rather than just describing it. The document outlines some of the key concepts of structuralism, including that signs are arbitrary and relational, and that structures determine how elements are positioned within a whole system.
Structuralism as a literary Movement....Bhumi Joshi
Structuralism as a Literary Movement
The document discusses structuralism as a literary movement that emerged in the 1950s led by Claude Levi-Strauss. Structuralism holds that human activities and products like language are structured systems and not natural. It focuses on how underlying structures shape surface level meaning. Structuralism examines how language constructs reality and how literary texts are structured to produce meaning through relationships between elements. Some key aspects are that structures determine each element's position, structures deal with coexistence over change, and structures are the "real things" beneath surface meanings.
Philosophical Foundations of Pattern Language Creation: Rooted in the "Scienc...Takashi Iba
Lightning Talk by Takashi Iba, Ph.D. in media and governance, Professor at Faculty of Policy Management, Keio University.
at the30th Conference on Pattern Language of Programs (PLoP2023), IL, USA, Oct. 25, 2023
Originally, the concept of pattern language was proposed by Christopher Alexander as a method for collaborative architectural design, and the philosophy behind it was presented in his books, such as "The Timeless Way of Buildings" and "The Nature of Order". However, after him, few people discuss philosophical examinations for pattern languages. Over the past seven years, I have intensively explored the potential for a "new academic discipline" rooted in pattern language, and its foundational contours are now becoming visible. Underpinning this discipline is Edmund Husserl's phenomenology, especially his concept of "Science of Essence." Reflecting upon our experiences, it becomes apparent that the creation of a pattern language aligns with the phenomenological method of "seeing of essence," positioning the pattern language as "essence descriptions". When looked at in reverse, my developing academic field of "Studies on Essence of Practices," is "Science of Essence" of practices grounded in phenomenology and the creation of pattern language is positioned as a primary research methodology including “seeing of essence”. In this talk, I will elucidate what exactly is being accomplished through the creation of a pattern language, with introducing the principles of phenomenology’s "Noesis" (acts of consciousness) and "Noema" (contents of consciousness) and the method of “seeing of essence”.
This document provides information about a compulsory linguoculturology course offered at the bachelor's level. It is taught in English by PhD Docent Juraeva Iroda Akhmedovna in the 4th year, 7th module. The course aims to investigate the relationship between language and culture. It will cover definitions of culture and language, as well as the objectives and key topics of linguoculturology. Students will examine how language expresses and transmits culture from various theoretical perspectives. The course also provides an overview of the role of language in representing culture according to prominent scholars in the field.
The document discusses verbal and non-verbal communication across cultures. It examines factors that can interfere with accurate communication between cultures, such as thought patterns, perceptions, stereotyping, attitudes, and differences in social organization, language, and use of time. Non-verbal communication like kinesics (body language) and proxemics (use of space) are also culturally specific and can lead to misunderstandings between cultures if not properly understood in context. Overall, the document analyzes some of the key psychological and social variables that can impact cross-cultural communication.
This document provides a summary and review of Roland Barthes' 1977 book "Image Music Text". It discusses key concepts from Barthes' work such as the distinction between denotation and connotation in interpreting images and texts. It also summarizes Barthes' interest in structural analysis of narratives and comparison of narrative structures to sentence structures in linguistics. The review analyzes Barthes' focus on identifying basic units of analysis for constructing narratives and moving them forward in time through descriptions and causal relationships between events.
Abstract Of The Text For Presentation To Defend MA ThesisCourtney Esco
This document summarizes and compares the philosophical conceptions of language games by Ludwig Wittgenstein and lifeworld by Edmund Husserl. It discusses Wittgenstein's evolution from the picture theory of language to language games as forms of life dependent on context and social conventions. It also examines Husserl's phenomenology and the constitution of objective reality through intersubjective experience, including the lifeworld as the prescientific world of perception that forms our common horizon of understanding.
This document provides background information on Ludwig Wittgenstein, a 20th century Austrian-British philosopher. It discusses his early influence on logical positivism and later work developing ordinary language philosophy. Wittgenstein focused on logical analysis of language and believed philosophy's task was to clarify thought and eliminate ambiguities in ordinary language. He was a religious man influenced by Christianity and St. Augustine. Leo Tolstoy's "The Gospel in Brief" also strongly influenced Wittgenstein and his view that ethics and religion cannot be discussed but only shown. The document examines parallels between Wittgenstein and Tolstoy's lives and the impact of "The Gospel in Brief" on Wittgenstein's later work.
A case study of the novel siddhartha from the perspective of intertextualityAlexander Decker
This document summarizes and analyzes a case study of the novel Siddhartha from an intertextual perspective. It begins by critiquing structuralism and deconstruction, arguing they are inadequate because they are based on Saussure's linguistic theory. It advocates Mikhail Bakhtin's idea of dialogicality and the resulting concept of intertextuality. The paper then analyzes Siddhartha, showing how the protagonist responds to conflicting ideas, using language and creativity to find harmony. It concludes that intertextuality can help understand how texts relate to traditions, socioeconomic forces, and influence each other through citations and echoes across authors.
This document discusses the fathers of psycholinguistics, including linguists like Wilhelm Von Humboldt, Ferdinand de Saussure, Edward Sapir, Leonard Bloomfield, and Otto Jespersen, as well as psychologists like John Dewey, Karl Bühler, Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt, John Broadus Watson, and Albert Paul Weiss. It provides brief biographies of each person and summarizes their key contributions to the fields of linguistics and psychology and how they helped establish psycholinguistics.
This document provides a summary and analysis of Winston's transition from a structuralist to poststructuralist discourse in George Orwell's novel 1984. In the beginning, Winston analyzes the political situation from a structuralist perspective, believing the proles will overthrow the oppressive Party. However, after being tortured, Winston comes to accept the Party's poststructuralist discourse of doublethink and the mutability of history and language. The document analyzes this transition through the lenses of structuralism, poststructuralism, Foucault's theories of discourse and power, and postmodern architecture. It argues Winston ultimately betrays his beliefs by allowing the Party to fully control his mind.
Structuralism emerged in France in the 1950s through the work of Claude Levi-Strauss and Roland Barthes. It believes that phenomena can only be understood in the context of larger structures. Structuralism analyzes relationships between signs and seeks to locate systems of meaning within cultural structures. It was applied to fields like anthropology, sociology, and literature. Key thinkers were Levi-Strauss, who applied structural linguistics concepts to anthropology, and Barthes, who examined aspects of modern culture from a structural perspective.
A study of the novel siddhartha from the perspective of intertextualityAlexander Decker
This document discusses literary analysis approaches like structuralism, deconstruction, and intertextuality. It argues that structuralism and deconstruction, which were influenced by Saussure's linguistic theories, did not adequately account for the social and dialogic nature of language. The concept of dialogicality proposed by Bakhtin is presented as a better approach. Dialogicality views language as existing between individuals in society rather than as an abstract system. This led to the idea of intertextuality, where a text's meaning is derived from its relationships with other texts, rather than having a single, fixed meaning or origin. The document concludes by advocating for an intertextual approach to literary analysis that examines an author's engagement with traditions
The document discusses the key concepts of phenomenology as a sociological orientation. Phenomenology studies common sense, conscious experience, and routine daily life. It seeks to understand the world from the point of view of individuals rather than external observers. Edmund Husserl developed phenomenology in the early 20th century as a descriptive method focused on structures of consciousness and experience. Phenomenology aims to understand individual meanings and social interactions through descriptive analysis rather than establishing absolute truths.
Post-structuralism emerged in the 1960s as a response to structuralism. It focuses on examining sources of meaning beyond the author, such as readers and cultural norms. Key figures include Roland Barthes, who argued the author is not the prime source of a text's meaning, and Jacques Derrida, who proposed theoretical limitations to structuralism. Post-structuralism differs from structuralism in its philosophical origins, emphasis on language as unstable rather than orderly, and aim to question assumptions rather than establish truth. Deconstruction examines how meanings play in language and change over contexts to understand silenced voices.
Mikhail Bakhtin was a Russian philosopher and scholar who worked on literary theory, ethics, and philosophy of language. He believed that language is learned through social interaction and that all language use has a point of view and context, making it inherently ideological. Bakhtin also argued that every utterance is a product of interaction between speakers and is influenced by the social situation. He developed concepts of how languages have centripetal forces that aim to standardize language but also centrifugal forces from diverse social uses that challenge standardization and make language heteroglossic.
Internal Language - External ImplicationsAlexis Vigo
This document summarizes and discusses Noam Chomsky's internal conception of language and how it relates to referential semantics, an external view of language. It discusses how Chomsky views language as being internally represented in the mind, generated by innate principles, rather than as external linguistic conventions used for communication about external things. This raises issues for referential semantics, which sees words as having meaning through their relation to external things. The document explores challenges Chomsky raises to reconciling an internal view of language with referential semantics' view of meaning as involving language-world relations.
A Bakhtinian dialogical nature of theme in Keats’s odes as a circular escape ...Bahram Kazemian
This document summarizes a research paper that applies Mikhail Bakhtin's concept of dialogism to analyze themes of pain and pleasure in John Keats's odes. It discusses how Bakhtin viewed language as inherently dialogic and meaning as emerging through dialogue. The document reviews literature on previous analyses of Keats's poems and argues his odes express a dialogic engagement with social and political issues of his time through themes. It concludes that examining Keats's odes through a Bakhtinian lens can provide new insights into his responses to the cultural context and "troubled society" he observed.
This document discusses structuralism as a literary movement. It began in the 1950s with Claude Levi-Strauss and views all human activities and products as being constructed rather than natural. Structuralism holds that meaning comes from relationships within a system or structure rather than from inherent qualities. A key idea is that language constructs our perception of reality rather than just describing it. The document outlines some of the key concepts of structuralism, including that signs are arbitrary and relational, and that structures determine how elements are positioned within a whole system.
Structuralism as a literary Movement....Bhumi Joshi
Structuralism as a Literary Movement
The document discusses structuralism as a literary movement that emerged in the 1950s led by Claude Levi-Strauss. Structuralism holds that human activities and products like language are structured systems and not natural. It focuses on how underlying structures shape surface level meaning. Structuralism examines how language constructs reality and how literary texts are structured to produce meaning through relationships between elements. Some key aspects are that structures determine each element's position, structures deal with coexistence over change, and structures are the "real things" beneath surface meanings.
Philosophical Foundations of Pattern Language Creation: Rooted in the "Scienc...Takashi Iba
Lightning Talk by Takashi Iba, Ph.D. in media and governance, Professor at Faculty of Policy Management, Keio University.
at the30th Conference on Pattern Language of Programs (PLoP2023), IL, USA, Oct. 25, 2023
Originally, the concept of pattern language was proposed by Christopher Alexander as a method for collaborative architectural design, and the philosophy behind it was presented in his books, such as "The Timeless Way of Buildings" and "The Nature of Order". However, after him, few people discuss philosophical examinations for pattern languages. Over the past seven years, I have intensively explored the potential for a "new academic discipline" rooted in pattern language, and its foundational contours are now becoming visible. Underpinning this discipline is Edmund Husserl's phenomenology, especially his concept of "Science of Essence." Reflecting upon our experiences, it becomes apparent that the creation of a pattern language aligns with the phenomenological method of "seeing of essence," positioning the pattern language as "essence descriptions". When looked at in reverse, my developing academic field of "Studies on Essence of Practices," is "Science of Essence" of practices grounded in phenomenology and the creation of pattern language is positioned as a primary research methodology including “seeing of essence”. In this talk, I will elucidate what exactly is being accomplished through the creation of a pattern language, with introducing the principles of phenomenology’s "Noesis" (acts of consciousness) and "Noema" (contents of consciousness) and the method of “seeing of essence”.
This document provides information about a compulsory linguoculturology course offered at the bachelor's level. It is taught in English by PhD Docent Juraeva Iroda Akhmedovna in the 4th year, 7th module. The course aims to investigate the relationship between language and culture. It will cover definitions of culture and language, as well as the objectives and key topics of linguoculturology. Students will examine how language expresses and transmits culture from various theoretical perspectives. The course also provides an overview of the role of language in representing culture according to prominent scholars in the field.
The document discusses verbal and non-verbal communication across cultures. It examines factors that can interfere with accurate communication between cultures, such as thought patterns, perceptions, stereotyping, attitudes, and differences in social organization, language, and use of time. Non-verbal communication like kinesics (body language) and proxemics (use of space) are also culturally specific and can lead to misunderstandings between cultures if not properly understood in context. Overall, the document analyzes some of the key psychological and social variables that can impact cross-cultural communication.
Similar to philosophy and it's principles based on the life (20)
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
philosophy and it's principles based on the life
1. Introduction to Ludwig
Wittgenstein
Ludwig Wittgenstein was a renowned Austrian philosopher who made
significant contributions to 20th-century analytic philosophy. His philosophical
work had a profound impact on the development of modern logic, language,
and the nature of meaning.
Varsha Vekariya
Priyanshi Maheshwari
Group no : 222
2. Wittgenstein's Early Life and Influences
Childhood in Austria
Wittgenstein was born into a
prominent Viennese family,
where he was exposed to the
intellectual elite of early 20th
century Austria from a young
age.
Early Academic Pursuits
After briefly studying
engineering, Wittgenstein
became captivated by the
foundational questions of logic
and philosophy, which would go
on to define his life's work.
Influence of Bertrand
Russell
Wittgenstein's early
philosophical development was
heavily influenced by his
encounters with the renowned
British philosopher Bertrand
Russell, who became his mentor
and intellectual sparring partner.
3. The Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
1 Wittgenstein's Seminal Work
The Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus,
published in 1921, was Wittgenstein's first
major philosophical work and a
groundbreaking exploration of the nature of
language, logic, and the limits of human
understanding.
2 Logical Atomism
The Tractatus presented Wittgenstein's
theory of "logical atomism," which viewed the
world as a collection of discrete, independent
facts that could be represented through a
logical analysis of language.
3 Limits of Language
A central tenet of the Tractatus was that
language has inherent limitations in
expressing certain metaphysical or ethical
truths, which ultimately lie beyond the scope
of logical analysis.
4 Influential Philosophical Shift
The Tractatus marked a significant shift in
Wittgenstein's philosophical views, laying the
foundations for his later work that would
challenge many of the ideas presented in
this seminal text.
4. Wittgenstein's Critique of Traditional
Philosophy
Rejection of
Metaphysics
Wittgenstein
challenged the
traditional
philosophical pursuit
of grand
metaphysical
systems and
absolute truths. He
argued that such
endeavors were
misguided and
ultimately
meaningless.
Language-
Centered
Approach
Wittgenstein shifted
the focus of
philosophy away
from exploring the
nature of reality and
towards
understanding the
workings of language
and the ways in
which it shapes our
worldview.
Critique of
Essentialism
He rejected the idea
that concepts have
fixed, essential
meanings, arguing
instead that the
meaning of words is
determined by their
usage within specific
language-games and
social contexts.
Dismantling
Traditional
Problems
Wittgenstein believed
that many
philosophical
problems were the
result of
misunderstandings
about the nature of
language and that
they could be
resolved by analyzing
the way we use
language.
5. The Concept of Language Games
A key idea in Wittgenstein's later philosophy was
the concept of "language games" - the notion that
the meaning of words is derived from their usage
within specific social and linguistic contexts, rather
than from any inherent or fixed definitions.
Language games emphasized the active, rule-
governed, and contextual nature of language,
challenging the view that words have universal or
essential meanings.
6. Wittgenstein's Theory of Meaning
Meaning as Use
Wittgenstein challenged the traditional view of
meaning as a direct correspondence between
words and objects. Instead, he proposed that
the meaning of a word is determined by its use
within a specific language game or context.
Language Games
The concept of language games emphasized
the complex, rule-governed nature of language,
where meaning emerges from the particular
ways words are used in social and linguistic
practices, rather than from inherent definitions.
Family Resemblances
Wittgenstein rejected the idea of universal,
essential definitions for concepts, arguing
instead that they are connected through a
network of "family resemblances" - overlapping
similarities that are not captured by a single,
rigid definition.
Contextual Meaning
Meaning, according to Wittgenstein, is not a
fixed property of language, but rather a dynamic
and fluid process shaped by the specific
circumstances in which words are used and
understood.
7. Private Language Argument
Subjective Experience
Wittgenstein questioned the
notion of a "private language"
that could describe one's unique,
subjective experiences in a way
that is understandable only to
the individual.
Shared Language Games
He argued that language
requires a public, rule-governed
context to have meaning, and
that there can be no such thing
as a truly private language.
Philosophical Challenge
Wittgenstein's private language
argument posed a significant
challenge to traditional
philosophical conceptions of the
self, consciousness, and the
nature of language.
8. Wittgenstein's Later Philosophy
and the Philosophical
Investigations
In his later years, Wittgenstein experienced a profound shift in his
philosophical views, moving away from the rigid logical framework of the
Tractatus towards a more flexible, contextual understanding of language and
meaning.
The Philosophical Investigations, published posthumously in 1953, presented
Wittgenstein's revised perspective, emphasizing the role of language games,
family resemblances, and the rejection of essentialist definitions in how we
understand the world.
9. Wittgenstein's Influence on Analytic
Philosophy
Challenging
Assumptions
Wittgenstein's radical
shift in philosophical
approach challenged
the foundational
assumptions of
traditional analytic
philosophy,
prompting a major re-
evaluation of the
field's methodologies
and goals.
Language-
Centered
Approach
By placing language
at the center of
philosophical inquiry,
Wittgenstein's later
work significantly
influenced the
development of the
analytic tradition,
inspiring a renewed
focus on the
workings of language
and meaning.
Rejection of
Essentialism
Wittgenstein's
critique of
essentialism and his
concept of "family
resemblances"
undermined the
search for universal,
fixed definitions,
leading analytic
philosophers to
adopt more
contextual and anti-
foundationalist
approaches.
Lasting Impact
Wittgenstein's ideas
continue to
reverberate through
analytic philosophy,
shaping discussions
on topics ranging
from the nature of
mind and
consciousness to the
relationship between
language, thought,
and reality.
10. Wittgenstein's Legacy
and Ongoing
Relevance
Ludwig Wittgenstein's profound philosophical ideas continue to shape and
challenge modern thought, offering fresh perspectives on the nature of
language, meaning, and the human condition.