Physiological Disorder of Important Fruit Crops

1. School of Agriculture
Credit Seminar on
Physiological Disorder
of fruit Crops
Submitted to:
Dr. Sarvesh Singh
Assistant Professor
Department of Horticulture
SoAg, ITM University
Gwalior
Presented by:
Rohit Kumar Sahu
M.Sc. (Ag) Horticulture
2nd year
SoAg, ITM University
Gwalior

2. Mango Malformation

3. Important disorder.
Causing huge loss.
Directly affects the productivity.
Caused by fungus Fusarium moniliforme var.
subglutinans.
First reported by Watt in 1891 at Darbhanga, Bihar.
 Types of Malformation: 1) Vegetative malformation
2) Floral malformation.
Introduction

4.  Common in nursery seedlings
in young plants.
 Compact leaf are formed in a bunch.
 Growth of shootlet are arrested.
Vegetative Malformation

5.  It affects trees at bearing stage
 Directly affects the productivity.
Floral Malformation

6.  Physical Method
 Pruning the malformed branches and application of
Captan (0.1%)
 Diseased plant should be destroyed.
 Use of diseased free planting material.
Management

7.  Biological Control
 Trichoderma viride, T. virens, T. harazianum are used
against it.
 Best results showed by Trichoderma harazianum

8.  Chemical Control
 Deblossoming at bud burst stage.
 Spraying of 200 ppm NAA was reported to be effective.
 Application of Cyclohexamide at 250 ppm is effective.

9. Spongy Tissue

10.  Alphonso variety mostly affected.
 Brought down the export of this variety.
 Fruits from outside look normal.
 A patch of flesh becomes spongy, yellowish and sour.
Introduction

11. Fig. Spongy tissue
 Inactivation of ripening enzymes due to high temperature,
convective heat and post harvest exposure to sunlight.
Cause

12.  Use of sod culture and mulching.
 Harvesting mangoes at the stage of 3/4th maturity.
 Use of wind breaks for protecting from warm air during
May.
 Hybrids like Ratna and Arka Puneet do not suffer from this
malady.
Management

13. Black tip

14.  This disorder noticed in Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and
West Bengal.
 This malady noticed particularly in cultivar Dashehri.
 Fruits ripen prematurely.
 Unfit for consumption and unmarketable.
Introduction

15. Fig. Brick Kiln near to Mango Orchard

16.  Smoke of brick kilns.
 Near to distance of within 600m.
 Gases like CO, CO2, SO2 and Acetylene.
Causes

17.  Raise the height of Chimney of the brick kilns.
 Spraying Borax (0.6%) at 10-14 days intervals.
Management

18. Citrus Granulation

19.  Cultivars like Mosambi, Hamlin and blood red mostly
affected.
 Drying up, becoming hard with grayish color.
 Enlargement of the juice vesicles.
 Reduction of the juice content.
 More in young vigorous trees than old trees.
Introduction

20. Fig. Citrus granulation

21.  Spraying lime, ZnSO4, Bordeaux mixture or ZnSO4 +
CuSO4 (0.5%).
 Early picking.
 Reduced irrigations.
 Spraying 200-500ppm lead arsenate.
Management

22. Fruit drop in Citrus

23.  Detachment of a fruit from a branch of a tree.
 Formation of a separation layer of cells on the fruit stalk
due to a series of physiological and biochemical events.
Introduction

24.  Apply 2,4-D 10 ppm and Aureofungin 20 ppm.
 Pruning should be done.
 Spraying of Bordeaux mixture (2:2:250) or Copper
Oxychloride 50 WP (3 g/litre of water).
Management

25. Bronzing in Guava

26.  Nutritional disorder.
 Leaf turn yellow.
 Total defoliation and fruits having brown colored pattern
on the skin.
Introduction

27.  Application of 20Kg FYM, 1Kg SSP, 0.5Kg MOP and 100gm
ZnSO4
 Pre-flowering sprays with 0.4% boric acid and 0.3% zinc
sulphate increase the yield and fruit size.
Management

28. Sun Burning in Litchi

29.  Serious problem in litchi grower which are promoted to
higher temperature.
 Due to low humidity, low soil moisture and Ca and B
deficiency.
Introduction

30.  Irrigation at weekly interval.
 Application of Borax @ 8% and ZnSO4 @ 1.5% at weekly
interval.
 Spraying NAA 200 ppm.
Management

31. Thank you