waste-water treatment using fruits peels

1. Waste-water Treatment Using Fruits
Peels
Group Members:
Esar Ul Kazim
esarulkazim@gmail.com
+92 3067397327
Supervisor:
Mr. Mohsin Pasha
University Of Engineering & Technology Lahore City
Campus
Waste water treatment using fruit peels 1
Chemical, Polymer & Composite
Material DEPT.

2. Water
“Water, Water, Every Where, But Not A Drop To Drink”
“By Means of Water We Give Life To Everything”
“Save Water Save Life”
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3. Industrial Wastewater
According to UN:
• In industrialized nations, industries consume more than half of the water
available for human use.
• Due to this, water scarcity is a major issue nowadays.
• With the development of industrialization, the discharge of waste and
wastewater containing heavy metals to environment has also increased.
• It brings about serious environmental pollution, threatening human
health and ecosystem.
• Almost 80% of diseases in so called "developing" countries are
associated with polluted water, causing some three million early deaths.
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4. Heavy Metals In Wastewater
• Cr (VI), Cu, Ni and Zn are the heavy metals commonly found
in industrial wastewater discharges.
• These metals can be accumulated in living tissues, causes
various diseases and disorders, therefore, they must be
removed.
• Discharge and treatment of these heavy metals are important
issues in environmental protection.
• Thus many countries set up guidelines and regulations to
prevent the impacts of heavy metal contamination on
environment and humans.
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5. Why Fruit Peels?
• Fruits peels are the major adsorbents that can be used as the
adsorbing agents in the treatment processes of wastewater.
• Ease of availability.
• About 139 million tons fruits peels are produced per year over
the world and these are totally waste.
• If the fruits wastes are dumped, this also creates the problem,
because they produced the methane and carbon dioxide
which also have serious negative impacts.
• Highly cost-effective
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6. Continue…
• Banana peels can be used
for the removal of heavy
metals
• Orange peels are used as
bleaching agent for
bleaching purposes
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7. Project Objectives
• Synthesis of adsorbent from banana peels
• Characterization of adsorbent before and after
treatment
• Application of adsorbent in treating industrial
wastewater
• Build of prototype model for wastewater treatment by
using newly synthesis banana peels adsorbent for the
removal of heavy metals
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8. Conventional Methods For The Removal Of Heavy
Metals From Waste Water
• Chemical precipitation
• Coagulation and Flocculation
• Electrochemical Treatments
• Ion Exchange
• Membrane Filtration
• Biological Methods
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9. Chemical Precipitation
• Produce insoluble precipitates of heavy metals
• Coagulation & flocculation of the precipitate
• pH, temperature, initial, concentration and charge of
ions
• Precipitant (lime)
• Toxic sludge
• Disposal cost of sludge is high
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10. Electrochemical Treatments
• Electricity is used to treat water
• Chemical oxygen demand decrease(COD)
• Hydrogen generated throughout the process
• Optimum conditions required for selected electrode
materials, Ph values and working time
• Costly due to use of SEM & energy disperse X-ray
spectroscopy
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11. Ion Exchange
• Synthetic or natural solid resins are used for specific
ability to exchange its cations with metals
• Synthetic resins are costly
• High operational cost
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12. Membrane Filtration
• Used for selected particle sizes
• Low energy requirements
• Fouling
• Short membrane life time
• Low selectivity
• High equipment cost
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13. Biological Methods
• Aerobic and anaerobic
• Long treatment time
• Mostly used for the biological impurities
• Bio-Solid sludge disposal required
• Bio-solid sludge is harmful for aquatic life
• Slow process
• Costly and environment unfriendly
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14. Why We Prefer This Method on Conventional
Processes?
• Renewable
• Sustainable sources
• Environment friendly
• Easily available & cheap materials
• High efficiency
• Low cost
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15. Synthesis of Adsorbent
• Sample collection
• Washing
• Drying
• Crushing
• Grinding
• Sieve analysis
• FT-IR
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16. Figure:1(a) Raw material
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Figure:1(b) Grinded material Figure:1(c) Sieve analysis
apparatus

17. Size of Banana Particles
Weight of sample = 61.64 g
Table 1. Average particle size calculation
Average particle size = 1500µm
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Sr. No. Mesh No. Mass retained (g)
1 10 3.450
2 14 23.827
3 18 14.169
4 25 3.355
5 Pan 16.259

18. Characterization of Adsorbent
Figure 2. FT-IR absorbance results before treatment process
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19. Characterization of Adsorbent
Figure 5. FT-IR transmittance results before treatment process
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20. FT-IR Results
Table 2. Functional groups identification
s=strong, m=medium, n=narrow
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Wavelength(cm-1) Experimental
Wavelength(cm-1)
Absorbance Transmittance% Bond Functional
Group
3300-2500(m) 3283.2 0.05 87.81 O-H stretch Carboxylic acids
3000-2850(m) 2917.55 0.07 88.38 C-H stretch Alkanes
3000-2850(m) 1449.58 0.05 85.91 C-H stretch Alkanes
1750-1735(s) 1735.05 0.04 92.17 C=O stretch Esters, saturated
aliphatic
1550-1475(s) 1502.43 0.07 85.39 N-O asymmetric
stretch
Nitro-compounds
1450-1350(s) 1375.05 0.05 85.50 C-H rock Alkanes
1250-1050(s) 1028.66 0.13 74.20 =C-H bend Alkenes

21. Metals To Be Removed Using Bio-sorbent
Following heavy metals will be removed using bio-
sorbent in experimentation
• Chromium Cr(III)
• Cobalt
• Nickle
• Lead
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22. Experimentation
• Grinded banana peels
washed with deionized
water and filtered it.
• Retentate dried in hot air
over at 100℃ for 8 hours
Figure 3. Filtration process of grinded banana peels
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23. Continue…
• 9 gram washed and dried
banana peels in 633ml of
99.9% methanol and 5.4ml
of HCl (0.1molar)
• Solution is heated at 60℃
and stirred continuously for
48 hours
• Treated banana peels
characterized with FT-IR
Figure 4. continuous stirring process
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24. Ongoing Project Activities
• Experimentation
• Collection of wastewater sample from industry
• Heavy metals detection via Flame atomic absorption
spectroscopy (FAAS)
• Results, analysis & discussion
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25. Thank You
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26. Any
Question?
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