This PowerPoint presentation is made by Me-A Second Year Medical Student for purpose of my project.This is a just a summary of the The different processes of Biomedical Waste Management.
Waste Segregation and Recycling Handbook for Apartment ComplexesApnaComplex
A Step-by-step guide for Waste Segregation and Recycling for Residential Welfare Associations (RWA), Apartment Owners Association, Co-operative Housing Societies (CHS). This presentation was shared by one of ApnaComplex's customers - Vijay Krishnan of Sri Sri Paradise.
A quick look at what constitutes wet waste from a home and discuss home and community options for treating and managing this waste. This presentation has been made specific to India but same principle applies to any urban/semi-urban set-up.
Solid Waste Management in Ferns Paradise - A Gated Community near Marthahalli...ApnaComplex
The document announces an open house on solid waste management organized by FRIENDS on October 2nd, 2012 in Ferns Paradise. It provides information on the new waste segregation rules in BBMP requiring residents to separate waste into wet, dry, and sanitary categories. As a bulk generator, the community will have to manage its own waste and hire a contractor to collect segregated waste door-to-door on a schedule to be announced. Various waste streams like dry, wet, e-waste, and others are defined along with appropriate disposal methods like composting and depositing in designated bins.
Hydra Bio Compost is an effective product to accelerate vegetable matter degradation for Bio Compost making process. The product introduce aerobic action to prevent formation of toxic gases & bad odors.
More info: http://hydra-bio.com/soil-conditioner.html
Introductory terms of solid waste management in short. One can get an overall concept about solid waste with its different parts in short.
Besides how the waste occurs in environment and what are the way to minimize it are also discussed.
Biodegradable plastics are made from renewable resources like plants and agricultural waste instead of petroleum. They are broken down by microorganisms and convert into carbon dioxide, water and minerals. Most biodegradable plastics will degrade 80% within 45 days and 90% within 80 days when exposed to light, oxygen, moisture and heat. Common products made from biodegradable plastics include carry bags, garbage bags, water bottles and spoons. They are used in applications like agriculture, packaging, and disposable items. While more expensive than conventional plastics, biodegradable plastics preserve resources and reduce environmental pollution.
Heat sterilization is a unit operation used to destroy microbes and enzymes in food through heating at high temperatures for an extended period. There are two main methods - in-container sterilization and UHT processes. In-container sterilization involves heating food inside sealed containers like cans to achieve shelf stability at room temperature for over 6 months. The time required for sterilization depends on factors like the physical state and size of the food, container size, food pH, and heat resistance of microbes. UHT processes heat foods to even higher temperatures (132°C) for shorter times before aseptically filling into sterile containers to obtain shelf-stable products without refrigeration.
Waste Segregation and Recycling Handbook for Apartment ComplexesApnaComplex
A Step-by-step guide for Waste Segregation and Recycling for Residential Welfare Associations (RWA), Apartment Owners Association, Co-operative Housing Societies (CHS). This presentation was shared by one of ApnaComplex's customers - Vijay Krishnan of Sri Sri Paradise.
A quick look at what constitutes wet waste from a home and discuss home and community options for treating and managing this waste. This presentation has been made specific to India but same principle applies to any urban/semi-urban set-up.
Solid Waste Management in Ferns Paradise - A Gated Community near Marthahalli...ApnaComplex
The document announces an open house on solid waste management organized by FRIENDS on October 2nd, 2012 in Ferns Paradise. It provides information on the new waste segregation rules in BBMP requiring residents to separate waste into wet, dry, and sanitary categories. As a bulk generator, the community will have to manage its own waste and hire a contractor to collect segregated waste door-to-door on a schedule to be announced. Various waste streams like dry, wet, e-waste, and others are defined along with appropriate disposal methods like composting and depositing in designated bins.
Hydra Bio Compost is an effective product to accelerate vegetable matter degradation for Bio Compost making process. The product introduce aerobic action to prevent formation of toxic gases & bad odors.
More info: http://hydra-bio.com/soil-conditioner.html
Introductory terms of solid waste management in short. One can get an overall concept about solid waste with its different parts in short.
Besides how the waste occurs in environment and what are the way to minimize it are also discussed.
Biodegradable plastics are made from renewable resources like plants and agricultural waste instead of petroleum. They are broken down by microorganisms and convert into carbon dioxide, water and minerals. Most biodegradable plastics will degrade 80% within 45 days and 90% within 80 days when exposed to light, oxygen, moisture and heat. Common products made from biodegradable plastics include carry bags, garbage bags, water bottles and spoons. They are used in applications like agriculture, packaging, and disposable items. While more expensive than conventional plastics, biodegradable plastics preserve resources and reduce environmental pollution.
Heat sterilization is a unit operation used to destroy microbes and enzymes in food through heating at high temperatures for an extended period. There are two main methods - in-container sterilization and UHT processes. In-container sterilization involves heating food inside sealed containers like cans to achieve shelf stability at room temperature for over 6 months. The time required for sterilization depends on factors like the physical state and size of the food, container size, food pH, and heat resistance of microbes. UHT processes heat foods to even higher temperatures (132°C) for shorter times before aseptically filling into sterile containers to obtain shelf-stable products without refrigeration.
DQBAC organisms are grown through a controlled fermentation process to produce a pure culture. The process involves sterilizing equipment, transferring organisms from stock cultures to vessels, and preventing contamination from unwanted organisms. This ensures high and consistent counts of effective organisms are obtained from batch to batch.
This document summarizes various international and Indian innovations. It describes Elif Bilgin's creation of bioplastic from banana peels which won her the 2013 Google Science Fair award. It also discusses Hoyoung Lee's pencil printer which uses pencil stubs to print on paper and Michikazu Hara's production of biodiesel using sugar as a catalyst. For Indian innovations, it mentions the village of Anandwan recycling plastic into cotton for mattresses and stabilizing mud bricks, and farmer Rajkumar's weeding tool called Halodu for use in mountainous fields.
The document provides 7 steps for individuals to properly segregate and dispose of their waste in an environmentally friendly manner. It instructs people to separate their waste into wet organic waste, recyclables like paper, plastic and metal, e-waste, hazardous waste, and rejects to be sent to landfills. By properly segregating waste, individuals can ensure more materials are recycled instead of ending up in dumps, and can convert organic waste to compost. The document emphasizes that segregating waste daily into the appropriate containers and then collecting and disposing of it properly on a weekly basis can help close the loop of reducing waste and protecting the environment.
Bleaching powder is used to sterilize and disinfect water by killing harmful germs and bacteria that can cause diseases. It works by releasing chlorine when mixed with water, following the chemical reaction of CaOCl2 + H2O → Ca(OH)2+Cl2. Bleaching powder sterilizes water through maximum utilization of released chlorine, leaving no impurities and being harmless in minimum amounts, and is a convenient method to kill germs in water.
This document discusses different methods of sterilization, including physical and chemical methods. Physical sterilization methods include dry heat (such as sunlight, hot air ovens), moist heat (such as autoclaving, pasteurization), radiation (such as UV, gamma rays), and filtration. Chemical sterilization methods involve the use of gaseous agents like ethylene oxide or disinfectants like phenol and alcohol. Specific sterilization techniques are described, along with their advantages and limitations. The document provides an overview of common sterilization processes.
This document discusses bioplastic pots made from zein, a protein from corn. Zein pots fully biodegrade in soil within a few months when filled with organic potting substrates. However, plants grown in zein pots showed stunted growth. Experiments found that as zein pots biodegrade, they raise ammonium, EC, and pH levels in the substrate, which can delay root growth. Reformulating zein pots to reduce the protein content or slow degradation may help address this issue. Overall, zein-based bioplastic pots show potential as a compostable alternative to traditional plastic pots.
This document summarizes several physiological disorders that affect fruit crops. It discusses mango malformation caused by fungus and describes the types of malformation. It also discusses spongy tissue in Alphonso mangoes caused by high temperatures. For citrus, it covers granulation affecting certain cultivars, as well as fruit drop issues. In guava it outlines bronzing, a nutritional disorder. For litchi it introduces sun burning brought on by high temperatures and low humidity. Management strategies are provided for each disorder discussed, including pruning, fungicide application, nutrient supplementation, and growth regulator sprays.
This document discusses the technique of using bleaching powder to sterilize water and purify it for drinking. It provides background on the need for water purification, the history of water purification techniques including the discovery of using chlorine and bleaching powder, and how bleaching powder works as a disinfectant by killing pathogens. The document also discusses some of the benefits and drawbacks of using bleaching powder to purify water on a large scale.
The document discusses biodegradable additives that can enable common plastics like PVC to degrade in landfill conditions. It describes the optimal landfill environment for degradation, various additive technologies, testing results showing PVC and other plastics fully degrading within several months, and potential commercial applications of landfill degradable plastics.
The document discusses waste management in the Philippines using the 5Rs techniques of reduce, reuse, recycle, recover, and repair. It notes that 35,000,000 kilos of garbage is produced in the Philippines every day. Reduce means lessening trash by buying reusable products. Reuse finds new uses for used materials. Recycle creates new products from used materials. Recover generates energy from burning garbage in incinerators. Repair fixes broken items to reuse them.
The document discusses bio-medical waste management. It defines bio-medical waste and its categories. It notes that approximately 40 tons of waste is generated daily in India, but only 30% undergoes proper disposal. It outlines the various treatment and disposal methods for different categories of waste, including incineration, autoclaving, chemical treatment, and secured landfilling. Color coding and container requirements are also specified. The risks of exposure to healthcare waste include infections, genotoxicity, chemical toxicity, and radioactivity hazards. Proper waste management requires adherence to government rules and public education.
1) Medical care is important but generates hazardous waste that can spread infections if not properly disposed.
2) Bio-medical waste is any waste generated during diagnosis, treatment, or testing and includes infectious, pathological, pharmaceutical, radioactive, and heavy metal waste.
3) Proper handling includes segregation, storage, collection, transportation, and treatment to disinfect waste through processes like incineration, autoclaving, chemical treatment, or shredding before safe disposal.
This document discusses various methods of sterilization and disinfection. It defines key terms like sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis, and lists bactericidal and bacteriostatic agents. It then describes different physical methods of sterilization like heat, filtration, and radiation. It provides details on types of heat sterilization like moist heat using steam under pressure in an autoclave and dry heat using hot air ovens. It also discusses controls for sterilization and conditions required for different methods.
Canning has been a preservation process since ages. This presentation gives a brief description about the process and some of the problems related to it.
Bio-medical waste management is important to prevent contamination. There are different categories of waste that require specific treatment and disposal methods according to Indian rules. Hazardous healthcare waste can cause infections, toxicity, and radiation hazards if not properly disposed of. Common methods of disposal include incineration, autoclaving, chemical treatment, and secured landfilling. Public education is needed for effective waste management.
Canning of fruits and vegetables was invented in 1810 by Nicolas Appert to help preserve foods for the French military. Canning involves processing and sealing foods in containers through the use of heat to kill microorganisms and prevent spoilage. The key steps in canning include selection, washing, peeling, blanching, filling containers, adding syrup or brine, sealing, processing with heat to sterilize, cooling, labeling and storing. Canning allows foods to be preserved for one to five years through the combination of heat processing and hermetic sealing of containers.
This document discusses various methods of sterilization. It defines sterilization as the complete killing of microorganisms, while disinfection is the destruction of pathogenic organisms. There are physical and chemical methods of sterilization. Physical methods include heat (dry and moist), filtration, radiation, and ultrasound. Moist heat using an autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes is the most reliable sterilization method. Chemical sterilization agents include alcohols, aldehydes, halogens, phenols, and metallic salts. The key factors affecting sterilization are temperature, time, and the type of material being sterilized. Proper sterilization is important in fields like bacteriology, surgery
The document discusses various methods of sterilization used in dentistry. It defines key terms like sterilization, disinfection, asepsis, and provides a brief history of the development of sterilization concepts. It then describes various physical methods of sterilization like heat, filtration, radiation and chemical methods. The major physical methods discussed are dry heat using hot air oven or flaming, moist heat using steam under pressure in an autoclave, and filtration. It provides details on the mechanisms and procedures for each method.
The document describes two main processes for manufacturing powdered infant formula: dry blending and wet blending (spray drying). Dry blending involves mixing dry ingredients while wet blending involves homogenizing, pasteurizing, and spray drying wet ingredients. Wet blending has advantages like ensuring uniform distribution and destroying harmful bacteria, but requires strict separation of wet and dry areas to prevent contamination. Both processes require testing ingredients for contamination and maintaining good manufacturing practices.
DQBAC organisms are grown through a controlled fermentation process to produce a pure culture. The process involves sterilizing equipment, transferring organisms from stock cultures to vessels, and preventing contamination from unwanted organisms. This ensures high and consistent counts of effective organisms are obtained from batch to batch.
This document summarizes various international and Indian innovations. It describes Elif Bilgin's creation of bioplastic from banana peels which won her the 2013 Google Science Fair award. It also discusses Hoyoung Lee's pencil printer which uses pencil stubs to print on paper and Michikazu Hara's production of biodiesel using sugar as a catalyst. For Indian innovations, it mentions the village of Anandwan recycling plastic into cotton for mattresses and stabilizing mud bricks, and farmer Rajkumar's weeding tool called Halodu for use in mountainous fields.
The document provides 7 steps for individuals to properly segregate and dispose of their waste in an environmentally friendly manner. It instructs people to separate their waste into wet organic waste, recyclables like paper, plastic and metal, e-waste, hazardous waste, and rejects to be sent to landfills. By properly segregating waste, individuals can ensure more materials are recycled instead of ending up in dumps, and can convert organic waste to compost. The document emphasizes that segregating waste daily into the appropriate containers and then collecting and disposing of it properly on a weekly basis can help close the loop of reducing waste and protecting the environment.
Bleaching powder is used to sterilize and disinfect water by killing harmful germs and bacteria that can cause diseases. It works by releasing chlorine when mixed with water, following the chemical reaction of CaOCl2 + H2O → Ca(OH)2+Cl2. Bleaching powder sterilizes water through maximum utilization of released chlorine, leaving no impurities and being harmless in minimum amounts, and is a convenient method to kill germs in water.
This document discusses different methods of sterilization, including physical and chemical methods. Physical sterilization methods include dry heat (such as sunlight, hot air ovens), moist heat (such as autoclaving, pasteurization), radiation (such as UV, gamma rays), and filtration. Chemical sterilization methods involve the use of gaseous agents like ethylene oxide or disinfectants like phenol and alcohol. Specific sterilization techniques are described, along with their advantages and limitations. The document provides an overview of common sterilization processes.
This document discusses bioplastic pots made from zein, a protein from corn. Zein pots fully biodegrade in soil within a few months when filled with organic potting substrates. However, plants grown in zein pots showed stunted growth. Experiments found that as zein pots biodegrade, they raise ammonium, EC, and pH levels in the substrate, which can delay root growth. Reformulating zein pots to reduce the protein content or slow degradation may help address this issue. Overall, zein-based bioplastic pots show potential as a compostable alternative to traditional plastic pots.
This document summarizes several physiological disorders that affect fruit crops. It discusses mango malformation caused by fungus and describes the types of malformation. It also discusses spongy tissue in Alphonso mangoes caused by high temperatures. For citrus, it covers granulation affecting certain cultivars, as well as fruit drop issues. In guava it outlines bronzing, a nutritional disorder. For litchi it introduces sun burning brought on by high temperatures and low humidity. Management strategies are provided for each disorder discussed, including pruning, fungicide application, nutrient supplementation, and growth regulator sprays.
This document discusses the technique of using bleaching powder to sterilize water and purify it for drinking. It provides background on the need for water purification, the history of water purification techniques including the discovery of using chlorine and bleaching powder, and how bleaching powder works as a disinfectant by killing pathogens. The document also discusses some of the benefits and drawbacks of using bleaching powder to purify water on a large scale.
The document discusses biodegradable additives that can enable common plastics like PVC to degrade in landfill conditions. It describes the optimal landfill environment for degradation, various additive technologies, testing results showing PVC and other plastics fully degrading within several months, and potential commercial applications of landfill degradable plastics.
The document discusses waste management in the Philippines using the 5Rs techniques of reduce, reuse, recycle, recover, and repair. It notes that 35,000,000 kilos of garbage is produced in the Philippines every day. Reduce means lessening trash by buying reusable products. Reuse finds new uses for used materials. Recycle creates new products from used materials. Recover generates energy from burning garbage in incinerators. Repair fixes broken items to reuse them.
The document discusses bio-medical waste management. It defines bio-medical waste and its categories. It notes that approximately 40 tons of waste is generated daily in India, but only 30% undergoes proper disposal. It outlines the various treatment and disposal methods for different categories of waste, including incineration, autoclaving, chemical treatment, and secured landfilling. Color coding and container requirements are also specified. The risks of exposure to healthcare waste include infections, genotoxicity, chemical toxicity, and radioactivity hazards. Proper waste management requires adherence to government rules and public education.
1) Medical care is important but generates hazardous waste that can spread infections if not properly disposed.
2) Bio-medical waste is any waste generated during diagnosis, treatment, or testing and includes infectious, pathological, pharmaceutical, radioactive, and heavy metal waste.
3) Proper handling includes segregation, storage, collection, transportation, and treatment to disinfect waste through processes like incineration, autoclaving, chemical treatment, or shredding before safe disposal.
This document discusses various methods of sterilization and disinfection. It defines key terms like sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis, and lists bactericidal and bacteriostatic agents. It then describes different physical methods of sterilization like heat, filtration, and radiation. It provides details on types of heat sterilization like moist heat using steam under pressure in an autoclave and dry heat using hot air ovens. It also discusses controls for sterilization and conditions required for different methods.
Canning has been a preservation process since ages. This presentation gives a brief description about the process and some of the problems related to it.
Bio-medical waste management is important to prevent contamination. There are different categories of waste that require specific treatment and disposal methods according to Indian rules. Hazardous healthcare waste can cause infections, toxicity, and radiation hazards if not properly disposed of. Common methods of disposal include incineration, autoclaving, chemical treatment, and secured landfilling. Public education is needed for effective waste management.
Canning of fruits and vegetables was invented in 1810 by Nicolas Appert to help preserve foods for the French military. Canning involves processing and sealing foods in containers through the use of heat to kill microorganisms and prevent spoilage. The key steps in canning include selection, washing, peeling, blanching, filling containers, adding syrup or brine, sealing, processing with heat to sterilize, cooling, labeling and storing. Canning allows foods to be preserved for one to five years through the combination of heat processing and hermetic sealing of containers.
This document discusses various methods of sterilization. It defines sterilization as the complete killing of microorganisms, while disinfection is the destruction of pathogenic organisms. There are physical and chemical methods of sterilization. Physical methods include heat (dry and moist), filtration, radiation, and ultrasound. Moist heat using an autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes is the most reliable sterilization method. Chemical sterilization agents include alcohols, aldehydes, halogens, phenols, and metallic salts. The key factors affecting sterilization are temperature, time, and the type of material being sterilized. Proper sterilization is important in fields like bacteriology, surgery
The document discusses various methods of sterilization used in dentistry. It defines key terms like sterilization, disinfection, asepsis, and provides a brief history of the development of sterilization concepts. It then describes various physical methods of sterilization like heat, filtration, radiation and chemical methods. The major physical methods discussed are dry heat using hot air oven or flaming, moist heat using steam under pressure in an autoclave, and filtration. It provides details on the mechanisms and procedures for each method.
The document describes two main processes for manufacturing powdered infant formula: dry blending and wet blending (spray drying). Dry blending involves mixing dry ingredients while wet blending involves homogenizing, pasteurizing, and spray drying wet ingredients. Wet blending has advantages like ensuring uniform distribution and destroying harmful bacteria, but requires strict separation of wet and dry areas to prevent contamination. Both processes require testing ingredients for contamination and maintaining good manufacturing practices.
Solid waste management including mordern and trditional techniquesHarshit Gupta
Solid waste management involves the collection, transportation, and disposal of solid waste in a systematic way. Wastes can be categorized based on their source and type, such as municipal, industrial, agricultural, medical, and electronic wastes. Common solid waste management methods include open dumping, landfilling, composting, anaerobic digestion, incineration, and recycling/reuse. Each method has advantages and disadvantages in terms of environmental impact, cost, and practicality. Proper waste management is important to reduce pollution and allow for more sustainable practices.
This document provides an overview of biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste and outlines its major sources. It classifies waste into different categories and discusses the need for proper management. The key steps in the management process are segregation, collection and storage, transportation, and treatment or disposal. Common treatment methods include incineration, autoclaving, chemical disinfection, and shredding. The document also discusses regulations, safety precautions, and the importance of training and awareness. Proper biomedical waste management is necessary to protect human health and the environment.
This document summarizes the key steps in bio-medical waste management. It discusses the different categories of waste and their color coding. The main treatment methods are incineration, autoclaving, shredding, and landfilling. Incineration involves burning waste at high temperatures to reduce waste volume. Autoclaving uses high pressure and temperature to sterilize waste. Shredding cuts waste into smaller pieces. Landfilling involves disposing of waste in designated sanitary landfill sites. The document emphasizes the importance of proper waste segregation, collection, transportation, and treatment to prevent health and environmental risks.
Canning involves processing and sealing food in air-tight containers to preserve it. Heat treatment is used to kill microorganisms and prevent reinfection. Proper canning can provide a shelf life of 1-5 years, or up to 30 years for dried products. The process involves selecting, sorting, washing, peeling, blanching, filling containers, adding syrup/brine, sealing, sterilizing, cooling, labeling and storing the canned food. Metal containers are preferred for canning due to properties like heat conductivity and ability to withstand thermal processing. Defects in canning include swelling, bulging or leakage of containers.
Dr. Ibrahim presented on various sterilization methods including physical agents like heat, radiation, and filtration as well as chemical agents like alcohols, aldehydes, and gases. The most common sterilization methods used in laboratories are moist heat using an autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes or 134°C for 3 minutes, dry heat using a hot air oven at 160-180°C, and chemical methods using ethylene oxide or beta propiolactone gases. Proper testing of sterilization efficacy includes using chemical, mechanical, and biological indicators to confirm sterilizing conditions have been met.
This document discusses the composting process and management. It describes composting as a controlled, aerobic, biological process for biodegrading organic matter. The document outlines different composting systems including open-air piles and windrows, boxes or trenches, and bioreactors. It also discusses composting as a microbiological, chemical, and physical process, describing the succession of microbial populations involved and optimal temperature ranges for degradation. Proper management is important to maximize degradation while avoiding odor issues or contamination.
Laboratory Safety, Biomedical Waste & Its ManagementArun Babu
Nowadays "Safety" takes up a major role in all the Laboratories, let it be safety equipment or safety measures. This powerpoint gives you a rough idea of the various hazards that may occur in a laboratory and the steps to be taken to prevent them. Also a small note is given on the Biomedical Waste and its management.
The document provides information on hospital waste management. It defines hospital waste and classifies it according to the WHO into 10 categories including general, pathological, sharps, infectious, chemical, radioactive, pharmaceutical, pressurized containers, genotoxic, and anatomical waste. It describes the sources of healthcare waste and the magnitude of the problem globally and in Nepal. The key aspects of healthcare waste management covered are segregation, collection, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal. Common treatment techniques discussed are incineration, chemical disinfection, thermal treatments, and land disposal. The document emphasizes the importance of proper waste management to prevent contamination and disease transmission.
Dr. Ibrahim presented on various sterilization methods including physical agents like heat, radiation, and filtration as well as chemical agents like alcohols, aldehydes, and gases. The most common sterilization methods used in laboratories are moist heat using an autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes or 134°C for 3 minutes, dry heat using a hot air oven at 160-180°C, and chemical methods using ethylene oxide or beta propiolactone gases. Proper testing of sterilization efficacy includes using chemical, mechanical, and biological indicators to confirm sterilizing conditions have been met.
Gemma Wean- Nutritional solution for Artemiasmuskaan0008
GEMMA Wean is a high end larval co-feeding and weaning diet aimed at Artemia optimisation and is fortified with a high level of proteins and phospholipids. GEMMA Wean provides the early weaned juveniles with dedicated fish nutrition and is an ideal follow on from GEMMA Micro or Artemia.
GEMMA Wean has an optimised nutritional balance and physical quality so that it flows more freely and spreads readily on the water surface. The balance of phospholipid classes to- gether with the production technology based on a low temperature extrusion process improve the physical aspect of the pellets while still retaining the high phospholipid content.
GEMMA Wean is available in 0.1mm, 0.2mm and 0.3mm. There is also a 0.5mm micro-pellet, GEMMA Wean Diamond, which covers the early nursery stage from post-weaning to pre-growing.
This particular slides consist of- what is hypotension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is the summary of hypotension:
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is when the pressure of blood circulating in the body is lower than normal or expected. It's only a problem if it negatively impacts the body and causes symptoms. Normal blood pressure is usually between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg, but pressures below 90/60 are generally considered hypotensive.
MBC Support Group for Black Women – Insights in Genetic Testing.pdfbkling
Christina Spears, breast cancer genetic counselor at the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, joined us for the MBC Support Group for Black Women to discuss the importance of genetic testing in communities of color and answer pressing questions.
Unlocking the Secrets to Safe Patient Handling.pdfLift Ability
Furthermore, the time constraints and workload in healthcare settings can make it challenging for caregivers to prioritise safe patient handling Australia practices, leading to shortcuts and increased risks.
PET CT beginners Guide covers some of the underrepresented topics in PET CTMiadAlsulami
This lecture briefly covers some of the underrepresented topics in Molecular imaging with cases , such as:
- Primary pleural tumors and pleural metastases.
- Distinguishing between MPM and Talc Pleurodesis.
- Urological tumors.
- The role of FDG PET in NET.
DECODING THE RISKS - ALCOHOL, TOBACCO & DRUGS.pdfDr Rachana Gujar
Introduction: Substance use education is crucial due to its prevalence and societal impact.
Alcohol Use: Immediate and long-term risks include impaired judgment, health issues, and social consequences.
Tobacco Use: Immediate effects include increased heart rate, while long-term risks encompass cancer and heart disease.
Drug Use: Risks vary depending on the drug type, including health and psychological implications.
Prevention Strategies: Education, healthy coping mechanisms, community support, and policies are vital in preventing substance use.
Harm Reduction Strategies: Safe use practices, medication-assisted treatment, and naloxone availability aim to reduce harm.
Seeking Help for Addiction: Recognizing signs, available treatments, support systems, and resources are essential for recovery.
Personal Stories: Real stories of recovery emphasize hope and resilience.
Interactive Q&A: Engage the audience and encourage discussion.
Conclusion: Recap key points and emphasize the importance of awareness, prevention, and seeking help.
Resources: Provide contact information and links for further support.
Let's Talk About It: Breast Cancer (What is Mindset and Does it Really Matter?)bkling
Your mindset is the way you make sense of the world around you. This lens influences the way you think, the way you feel, and how you might behave in certain situations. Let's talk about mindset myths that can get us into trouble and ways to cultivate a mindset to support your cancer survivorship in authentic ways. Let’s Talk About It!
Can Allopathy and Homeopathy Be Used Together in India.pdfDharma Homoeopathy
This article explores the potential for combining allopathy and homeopathy in India, examining the benefits, challenges, and the emerging field of integrative medicine.
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Healthy Eating Habits:
Understanding Nutrition Labels: Teaches how to read and interpret food labels, focusing on serving sizes, calorie intake, and nutrients to limit or include.
Tips for Healthy Eating: Offers practical advice such as incorporating a variety of foods, practicing moderation, staying hydrated, and eating mindfully.
Benefits of Regular Exercise:
Physical Benefits: Discusses how exercise aids in weight management, muscle and bone health, cardiovascular health, and flexibility.
Mental Benefits: Explains the psychological advantages, including stress reduction, improved mood, and better sleep.
Tips for Staying Active:
Encourages consistency, variety in exercises, setting realistic goals, and finding enjoyable activities to maintain motivation.
Maintaining a Balanced Lifestyle:
Integrating Nutrition and Exercise: Suggests meal planning and incorporating physical activity into daily routines.
Monitoring Progress: Recommends tracking food intake and exercise, regular health check-ups, and provides tips for achieving balance, such as getting sufficient sleep, managing stress, and staying socially active.
International Cancer Survivors Day is celebrated during June, placing the spotlight not only on cancer survivors, but also their caregivers.
CANSA has compiled a list of tips and guidelines of support:
https://cansa.org.za/who-cares-for-cancer-patients-caregivers/
This particular slides consist of- what is Pneumothorax,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is a summary of Pneumothorax:
Pneumothorax, also known as a collapsed lung, is a condition that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall. This air buildup puts pressure on the lung, preventing it from expanding fully when you breathe. A pneumothorax can cause a complete or partial collapse of the lung.
2. STEPS OF BMW
MANAGEMENT
Waste Segregation
Pre-treatment(for Laboratory Liquid Waste)
Storage
Transportation
Treatment/Disposal
3. SEGREGATION
Done at point of Generation and put in separate colored bags.Color coding
varies from nation to nation.
Color coding of Bags Segregation of biomedical waste are:
4. Importance of Segregation:
Wrong Segregation may lead to serious consequences such as:
Needle stick Injury Transmitting hepatitis B or HIV(if sharp items are
Segregated into Yellow or Red Bags)
Production of carcinogens(if plastic items are Wrongly Segregated into
Yellow bag and subjected to incineration, leads to production of
carcinogenic furans)
Securement : All Bags used for waste collection need to be sealed
once they are filled to 3/4th of their capacity.
Labelling: Bags and containers should be labeled properly with the
date and time.
5. Pre-treatment:The laboratory liquid waste should always be pre-
treated either with chemical (1-2%Hypochlorite) or autoclave before
Segregating into appropriate containers.
Storage:
The waste should be transported within 24hrs by dedicated trolley to the
central BMW storage facility of hospital.Separate routes should be used for
transport to prevent exposure to staff and patients and to minimize the
passage of loaded carts through patient care and other clean areas.
Interim storage of waste at ward is strongly discouraged.
Transportation: Transport of waste from central storage area to
common biomedical waste treatment facility(CBMWTF).
Treatment &Disposal: It involves all the procedures and processes
intended to reduce the bulk of waste and make it non-infectious and
harmless.
8. INCINERATION
Physical Method of Disposal of BMW(By Dry Heat)
Mechanism-Burning of Anatomical and Biomedical Waste providing a
very high temperature of 870-1200°C and hence converting waste into
Ash,Flue gas and Heat.
9.
10.
11.
12. Disadvantages of Incineration
Not environment friendly and produces a lot of pollution.
Expensive to build,operate and maintain.
Ash after Incineration is potentially toxic and poisonous.So if not Disposed
properly,it can harm the population and environment.
Damaging Public Health - Acc. to (CAP,2013) research, The communities
where incinerator plants are built,its long term effects come in front as
health hazards such as cancer,birth defects,reproductive
dysfunction,neurological problems and other health effects that are known
to occur at very low rate.
13. AUTOCLAVE
Process of Steam Sterilisation under Pressure
PRINCIPLE - Steam steriliser functions similar to pressure cooker and
follow the general laws of gas
Water boils when it vapour pressure equal to that of surrounding
atmosphere
When that must vary pressure is raised,the boiling temperature is also
raised
At normal pressure,water boils at 100゚C but when the pressure inside
a closed vessel increases ,the temperature at which water boils also
increases
MECHANISM - Moist heat destroys microorganisms by irreversible
coagulation,denaturation of enzymes and proteins
14. Autoclaving is a thermal process where steam is brought into direct contact with
waste in a controlled manner and for sufficient duration to sterilize the wastes.
MOST COMMONLY USED STERILIZATION CONDITION- 121°C for 15 min.at pressure
of 15 pounds psi.
USES OF AUTOCLAVE - It is used for-
All critical and semi-critical items that are heat and moisture
resistant:surgical,anaesthetic and dental instruments,implanted medical devices
and surgical drapes and Linens.
Culture media preparations
17. Advantages and Disadvantages
of Autoclaving
ADVANTAGES
Low cost than
EtO&Plasma Sterilizers.
Sterilization cycles are fast
Compared to EtO
Sterilizers.
It is non-toxic and
leavesno by-product
behind(unlike EtO).
DISADVANTAGES
Heat can damage acrylics
& styrene,PVC material
and corrode some metals.
Higher temperature for a
prolonged time can harm
or shorten life of
instruments.
Moisture also can
adversely affect
electronics and can leave
watermark stains.
18. Hydroclave
Innovative equipment for steam sterilization process.
Sterilization conditions- 132°C at 36 psi steam pressure for 20 min.
Hydroclave process : Stage I
Bagged waste, in ordinary bags.
Sharp containers
Liquid containers
Cardboard containers
19. Stage II:
A. Powerful Rotators mix the waste and break it into pieces.
B. Steam fills the double wall (Jacket) of the vessel and heats
the vessel interior.
C. The liquid in the waste turn to steam.
D. After 20 mins. the waste and liquids are sterile.
Stage III
A.The vent is opened and the vessel de -pressurizes.
B. Steam heat and mixing continue until all the liquids are
evaporated and the waste is dry.
20. Stage lV
A. The unloading door is Opened.
B. The mixer now rotates in
opposite direction, so angled
blades on the mixer can
push the waste out the unloading door.
C. The dry,sterile waste can be
fine-Shredded further or dropped
in a waste disposal bin.
RESULTS:
✓ Dry waste,regardless of its original water
content.
✓Low odour,due to the dryness.
✓ Volume reduction upto 85%and weight upto 70%
✓Production of finally a harmless Waste products.
21.
22. MICROWAVE TREATMENT
High frequency Microwaves causes particles in waste to
vibrate leading to generation of heat which helps in
disinfecting the waste material.
ADVANTAGES:
1. Less maintainance cost
2.No harmful air emissions & liquid discharge
3.Effective for Sharks & bulk liquids
DISADVANTAGES:
1.High investment cost
23.
24. PLASMA PYROLYSIS
Plasma refers to a gaseous state consisting of ions,photons,free electrons and free
radicals.
This method of waste disposal is based on THERMO-CHEMICAL Properties of Plasma.
METHOD- Plasma Pyrolysis uses ionized gases in the Plasma state to convert
electrical energy to temperature of several thousand degrees using plasma arc
torches or electrodes.The system provides high temperature combined with high UV
radiations which destroys ppathogen completely.
ADVANTAGES:
1.Eco-friendly & Green technology.
2.Disposal of all types of waste is possible.
DISADVANTAGES:
1.Technique specific apparatus & set up is required.